下面是小编为大家整理的前置修饰语的词序用法 (中学英语教学论文)，本文共10篇，欢迎阅读与收藏。
篇1：前置修饰语的词序用法 (中学英语教学论文)
这里所指的修饰语包括限定词和形容词。近年来考查限定词和形容词作定语是高考的热点，同时也是难点。笔者现对此作些探就：
一、属于同一层次的修饰语的顺序：
1、中心名词前多个限定词的排列顺序：
首先要弄清楚什么叫限定词。限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类。限定词包括：
① 冠词a, an, the
② 物主代词my, your, his, her, our, your, their, one’s, its
③ 名词所有格John’s, my friend’s
④ 指示代词this, that, these, those, such
⑤ 关系代词whose, which
⑥ 疑问代词what, which, whose
⑦ 不定代词no, some, any, each, every, enough, either, neither, all, both, half, several, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, other, another
⑧ 基数词和序数词
⑨ 倍数词和分数词
⑩ 量词a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great / good deal of, a large / small amount / quantity of, a great / large / good number of等
有时我们会碰到有好多个限定词来修饰同一个名词或词组，试选择：
例1：Tony is going camping with ___ boys.(MET1993)
A.little two other B.two little other C.two other little D.little other two
例2： -How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
-It was great. We visited some friends and spent the ___ days at the seaside.(NMET1995)
A.few last sunny B.last few sunny C.last sunny few D.few sunny last
显然，要对以上两道题目作出正确选择，我们必须搞清多个限定词的先后排列顺序问题。按其不同的搭配位置，限定词可分为：
① 中位限定词：冠词a, an, the； 指示代词this, that, those； 物主代词my, your, etc.；名词所有格Mary’s, my friend’s； 不定代词 some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough； 疑问代词或关系代词what(ever), which(ever), whose 等
② 前位限定词：不定代词all, both, half； 倍数词double, twice, three times, etc.； 疑问代词what, 指示代词such (a / an)等
③ 后位限定词：基数词one, two, three, etc.；序数词 first, second, third, etc.； next, last, other, another, etc.；不定代词 many, much, (a) few, (a) little, fewer, (the) fewest, less, (the ) least, more, most； 量词several, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great / large / good number of, a great/good deal of, a large/ small amount of； such等
以上三类限定词的搭配关系总是按照“前位--中位--后位”的顺序排列。如：1）all the four teachers
前 中 后
2）all your three books
前 中 后
3）all these last few days
前 中 后 后
4）all other students
前 后
5）such a misfortune
前 中
6）some such alloy
中 后
由上述诸例可以看出，中位限定词之间和前位限定词之间是互相排斥的，即一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词。因此，“我的那本书”不是my that book 而是that book of mine,因为my和that 都是中位限定词，不可同时并列。但后位限定词的使用却不受此限制，多个后位限定词可以连用，其排序前后要根据其与中心名词的紧密程度来确定。因此上述两题的答案为：例1选C， 例2选B
个别限定词有跨类现象，如such既属于前位限定词，又可归入后位限定词。当与冠词a, an连用时属于前位限定词如上述5），当与some, any, no, all, few, another, other, many, one, two, etc.搭配时属于后位限定词，即such 要放在这些词的后面如上述6）。
2、中心名词前多个形容词的排列顺序：
作为前置修饰语，形容词在名词词组中的位置总是在限定词之后。如：It was a rainy day.如果有几个属于同一层次的形容词出现在名词中心词之前，通常要用逗号隔开，一般的词序是较长的形容词，列于最后。如：It was a rainy, windy, freezing day. 在这样的结构中，如果出现程度副词，可根据说话人的意图放置。如：
1) It was a rather rainy, windy, freezing day.
2) It was a windy, rainy, thoroughly freezing day.
二、属于不同层次的修饰语的顺序：
当名词中心词之前出现几个属于不同层次的修饰语时，一般按照下列词序排列：限定词→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、形状(长短 、高低)、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国别、来源、材料的形容词→表示用途或目的的形容词或分词、名词等类别的词→名词中心词。如：
the English church
中 国别
the old English church
中 旧 国别
the charming old English church
中 评价 旧 国别
the town’s charming old English church
中 评价 旧 国别
a well-known German medical school
中 评价 国别 类别
the man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings
中 后 后 评价 小 颜色 国别 类别
巩固练习：
1.What a ___ watch she wears!
A.small golden splendid B. small splendid golden
C.golden small splendid D. splendid small golden
2.A ___ girl showed the visitors around the factory.
A.tall pretty well-mannered B.pretty well-mannered tall
C.tall well-mannered pretty D.well-mannered pretty tall
3. -Are you free today?
－No. I have ___ to write this morning.
A.two another letters B.two more letters
C.other two letters D.the two other letters
4.I own $ 1,000 while the furniture is worth $ 2,000. That is, it will cost ___.
A.half my money B.my half money
C.double my money D.my double money
5.Mr Brown has just bought___necklace.
A.a new beautiful and very expensive B.a beautiful new and very expensive
C.a new very expensive and beautiful D.a very new and beautiful expensive
6.What __ girl Rose is!
A.an English lovely little B.an English little lovely
C.a lovely little English D.a little lovely English
7.That is the first ___ bridge
A.beautiful white little Chinese stone
B.beautiful little white Chinese stone
C. beautiful white little stone Chinese
D. beautiful little white Chinese stone
Key：1-7 DBBCACB
（小周）
篇2：it用法 (中学英语教学论文)
04-4-2 It is/was ….that 及相关句型归纳
1． It i/was +序数词+that从句。意为“是第几次-----”
It is the first time that I have written to a foreign pen friend.
It was the second week that he had been in China.
考例：
----Do you know our town at all?
-----No,this is the first time I--------here.(NMET 1992).
A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming
此句型中可以用this/that来代替it，当主句是is时，从句用现在完成时，当主句是was时，
从句用过去完成时。
2.It is/was+形容词/名词+that。其中,ti是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。
It is quite important that China becomes an official member of WTO.
考例：-----------is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A.There B.This C.That D.It (NMET !995)
3.It is/was +过去分词 +that从句。这一句型中常用的过去分词有said,reported,kmown,believed,suggested等等。通常译为“据说-----”。同样it是形式主语，从句是真正的主语。
It kmown that Taiwan is part of China.
It is generally believed that teaching is_____it is a science.NMET
A.as art much as B.much an art as C.as an art much as D.as much an art as
4.It is/was+ 强调部分+that 这一句型可以强调除谓语以外的任何成分。
I saw her in the post office when I was walking by.
It isI that/who saw her in the post office when I was walking by.
It is her that/who I saw in the post office when I was walking byl
It is in the post office that I saw her when I was walking by.
It is when I was walking by that I saw her in the post offce.
注意，在这一句型中，如果被强调部分是人，可用 ，也可用，其余的全用。同是这一句型要注意其句型变化，像一般疑问句，否定句，特殊疑问句等。Eg.
Is it farming that he likes to take up?
Who is it that won the first in the long jump?
Why is it that he came late?
Is is the ability to do the job--------matters not where you come from or what you are.(NMET )
A.it B.that C.one D.this
It was about 6,000 years ago-------the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.(NMET)
A.that B.until C.then D.so
5.It is/was +一般时间+since .在这一句型中，如果since从句的谓语动词是非延续的，则意为“自从----有多长时间了”。
Eg.It is two years since he joined the army.
注意：如果 从句中的动词是延续性的，则意为“自从不-----有多长时间了。”如：
It is ten years since she married.
It is ten years since she was married.（她离婚有十年了）。
另外，在这一句型中，如用It was,since从句则通常用过去完成时。
It was only ten years since he had left here.
-----What was the party like?
------Wonderful.It has been years-----I enjoyed myself so much..(NMET1993)
A.after B.before C.when D.since
6.It is/was/will be+一段时间+before从句。这一句型意为“还有多少时间就-------”。
It won’t be long before you reach your goal.
It won’t be too long ------she finds a suitable job.(上海1992高考)
A.that B.since C.before D.for
7.It+系动词（look,seem,appear）+that 从句。
It look that he has been there before.
It looked that they-----their task before.(上海1992高考)
A.finished B.would finish C.was finishing D.had finishe
8.It+ 动词
+that/whether/what/who/when/where/why.
It has been decided whether the project would be given up.
Does--------matter if he can’t finish the job on time?(NMET1991)
A.this B.that C.he D.it
篇3：it的用法 (中学英语教学论文)
一、考点聚焦
1、it的基本用法
（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。
The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago.
（2）用以代替提示代词this, that。
-What’s this? -It’s a knife.
-Whose watch is that? -It’s mine.
（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。
-Who is knocking at the door? -It’s me.
（4）指环境情况等。
It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment.
（5）指时间、季节等。
-What time is it? -It’s eight o’clock.
It often rains in summer here.
（6）指距离。
It is a long way to the school.
（7）作形式主语。
It is not easy to finish the work in two days.
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
It is a pity that you didn’t read the book.
（8）作形式宾语。
I think it no use arguing with him.
I found it very interesting to study English.
He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject.
（9）用于强调结构。
It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night.
It was in the street that I met Xiaoming last night.
It ws last night that I met Xiaoming in the street.
It was I who met Xiaoming in the street last night.
***** It的重要句型
1. It is + 被强调部分 + that ...
该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。
Eg:It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday.
It was in the street that I met her father.
2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not ...until ... 的强调形式。
Eg:It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
= I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
3. It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain....) that .....
该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂ 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
4. It is important ( necessary， right， strange，natural...) that ...
该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。
It is important that we (should) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
5. It is said (reported， learned....) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
6. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ...
该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．）
It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.
It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.
7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ...
该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
Eg:It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
Eg:It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
8. It is time ( about time ，high time ) that ...
该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省，常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂
Eg:It is time that children should go to bed.= It is time that children went to bed.
9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ...
该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换．常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。
It is the first time I have been here.
= This is the first time I have been here.
10. It is .... since ...。
该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题，主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。
It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.
11. It is ... when ...。
该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂
Eg.It was 5 o’clock when he came here.
12. It be ... before ...
该句型主句中的 it 指时间， 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long， not long ， 3 days ， 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为＂．．．之后．．．＂。
It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. ;It will be not long before he finishes his job.
13. It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that... 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。
It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧．．.
It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来．．．
14. It takes sb. ... to do sth.
该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。
Eg.It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
15. It is no good (use ) doing sth.
该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good ， ( not any good ) ， no use ， ( not any use )。Eg:It is no good learning English without speaking English.
16. It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ...
该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为 ＂不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。
Eg:It doesn’t matter if they are old.
17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：
sb. is kind to do sth.
Eg:It is kind of you to say so.= You are kind to say so.
18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。 常见的形容词有：① important， necessary， natural ② easy ， safe ，common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant等。 =在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如：
It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party.
19.It is up to sb. to do sth … 应由某人做某事。
It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.
20. It looks ( seems ) as if ...
该句型中it无意义， as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，＂看起来好象．．．＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。
It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了） It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病）
It seemed as if he were dying.
21. We think it important to learn a foreign language.
该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构”。
*6指主句中常用的动词：think， believe， make， find， consider， feel；
*1指的是形式宾语it；
*2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；
*3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。
We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
He felt it important learning English well.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
语法梳理-- IT常用句型
● It作形式主语，用于代替下列结构中的不定式、动名词或that从句。
1）It＋be＋adj／n（for sb．）to do．．． 2）It＋be＋adj＋of sb to do．．．
3）It＋be＋adj／n＋doing．．． 4）It＋be＋adj／n＋that从句
5）It＋be＋过去分词＋ that从句 6）It seems ／appears ＋that从句
7）It happens ＋that从句 8）It takes ＋sb．＋一段时间＋to do．．．
●It作形式宾语，用于代替下列结构中的不定式、动名词或 that从句。
主语＋谓语＋it＋ adj．／n．＋to do ／doing ／that从句
●It用于强调句型中构成：It is ／was ＋被强调部分＋that／who＋句子的其余部分。
●It指时间，常构成下列句型。
1）It＋be ＋time ＋before从句 2）It＋be ＋time ＋since从句
3）It's time for sth 4）It's time（for sb．）to do sth．
5）It's time that从句 6）It's time that we had a class．
●It指距离，常用于“It is ＋距离＋from．．．to．．．”结构
（小周）
篇4：But 用法拾零 (中学英语教学论文)
but一词在英语中占有举足轻重的地位,在练习题或高考题中出现的频率较高。but既可作连词、介词、副词又有一些习惯搭配和固定用法。现对其用法作以归纳。
一、but用作连词
1.用作等立连词,使其前后的词、短语、从句相互对照,作“但是;然而;可是”解。如:
She is young but very experienced.她虽然年轻但经验丰富。
2.用于表示歉意的话语后,表示有礼貌地拒绝或不赞成。如:
I'm sorry, but I disagree with you.对不起,我不同意你的意见。
3.引导从句,与前面的否定词对应,作“无……而不……”解。如:
It never rains but it pours.不雨则已,一雨倾盆。
I never go past that house but I think of my miserable life in the old society.我走过那所房子时,没有一次不想起我在旧社会所过的悲惨生活。
二、but用作介词
1.与no, nobody, nothing, none, who等词连用,作“除……之外”解,用来排除同类,从整体中除去一部分。如:
Nobody knew her but me.除我以外,没有人认识她。
Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.这个计划只能带来灾难,别无益处。
2.but前若有do的某种形式(did,does)时,but后的动词不定式就省略to;若无则带to。如:
We had no choice but to wait.除了等待我们别无选择。
He did nothing all day long but watch TV.一整天他除了看电视无所事事。
3.与last, next及one, two等连用,作“倒数第二、第三”等解。如:
Jack was the last but one to arrive.杰克是倒数第二个到达的。
Take the next turning but two on your left.在你左方第三个转弯处转弯。
三、but用作副词
1.相当于only,意为“不过;只”,后面跟名词或动词。如:
Tom is still but a child.汤姆只是个孩子。
2.用在can后意为“只能”;用在cannot后意为“不得不”。如:
I can but hurry back.我只能赶紧回来。
I cannot but admire his bravery.我不得不钦佩他的勇气。
3.用在too...to...结构前表肯定意义。如:
I'm but too glad to go there with you.我非常高兴和你一起去那里。
四、but的习惯用语
1.but for=without意为“要不是;如果没有”,相当于虚拟条件句。如:
But for the rain (If it didn't rain), we would have a pleasant journey.要不是下雨,我们这次旅行就惬意了。
But for your help, we couldn't have carried out the plan.如果没有你的帮助,我们不可能实现那个计划。
2.but that=except that意为“若非;要不是”,引导虚拟句。如:
He would have helped me but that he was short of money at that time.要不是他那时候没钱,他会帮助我的。
3.but then=on the other hand意为“不过;在另一方面”。如:
London is a noisy place, but then it's also a place where you get the best entertainment.伦敦是个闹市,不过它也是能够给你最好娱乐的地方。
（小周）
篇5：Prefer 用法拾零 (中学英语教学论文)
prefer最常见的意思是“宁可”、“宁愿(选择)”、“比较喜欢”、“更喜欢”等, 可以构成以下结构。
一. prefer sth.
“Do you like French?”“Yes, but I prefer English.”“你喜欢法语吗?”“喜欢,但是我更喜欢英语。”
“Which do you prefer, rice or bread?”“Either will do.”“你比较喜欢吃什么,米饭还是面包?”“随便哪一个都行.”
注:prefer是“比较喜欢,更喜欢”的意思,即like better,因此就不能再与better, more等比较级词语连用。
二.prefer over sth.
I prefer over this newly-built lab, and you? 我比较喜欢这个新建的实验室,你呢?
They prefer over new works that sing of their life today. 他们更喜欢歌颂他们今天生活的新作品。
三. prefer sth. above all others
I prefer the book above all others. 我最喜欢这本书。
The middle-aged man
prefers swimming above all others. 这位中年人最喜欢游泳。
四. prefer A to B
I prefer the original book to the revised edition. 我觉得原书比修订本好。
Those Red Army men preferred death to surrender in their struggle with the enemy. 在对敌斗争中,那些红军战士宁死不屈。
五. prefer doing A to doing B
Even on holidays Mr. Wang preferred reading to doing nothing. 即使在假日,王先生宁愿读书而不愿闲着。
注:在这种结构中,to为介词,而不是不定式符号,故其后应当接动名词形式,决不能接动词原形。另外,为了保持前后对应关系,prefer后面也应当接动名词形式。
六. prefer to do sth.
They prefer to spend the rest of the morning wandering in the streets. 他们比较喜欢把早上剩下的时间都用来在街上闲逛。
七. prefer doing sth.
So you prefer speaking without referring to your notes? 这么说,你更喜欢不看稿子做报告了?
Mr. Brown preferred spending his spare time doing some reading. 布朗先生比较喜欢把业余时间用来读点书。
注: 这种prefer后面接动名词的结构,用来谈论一般情况下“更喜欢某种活动”,而在一个特定场合下表示“特别喜欢”时,得用上述prefer后接动词不定式结构。
八. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
These workers prefered to work extra hours at night rather than leave the work until the next week. 这些工人宁愿加班干,也不愿把工作留到下一个星期。
注:这种结构中的rather than可以置于句首。例如:
Rather than go on holiday to the seaside I prefer to work days and go to school nights. 我宁愿白天工作,晚上上学,而不愿到海边度假。
注:有时rather可以移至第一个不定式之前,而让than留在第二个不定式之前,即为prefer rather...than结构.这种用法多见于书面语言,在口语中很少用.例如:
She prefers rather to sew than to knit. 她喜欢缝纫而不爱编织。
九. prefer to do sth. rather than doing sth.
They prefer to join in the celebrations rather than going on a visit to the Palace Museum. 他们宁愿参加庆祝活动而不愿参观故宫。
注:有时名词也可用于rather than之后,这种用法多用以表示在某种具体场合的选择。例如:
“What shall we have for lunch, rice or buns?”“I prefer rice rather than buns.”“我们午饭吃什么,米饭还是圆面包?”“我宁可吃米饭而不想吃圆面包。”
这句话表示:在这种具体的场合“我宁可吃米饭。”实际可视为在prefer 和rather than之后均省略了to have.
注:有时该结构前后两个不定式意思相同,仅各自带有不同的修饰附加成分,那么第二个不定式可予以省略,只保留不同的修饰附加成分而置于rather than之后。例如:
Mr. Smith preferred to meet us downstairs rather than upstairs. 史密斯先生宁愿在楼下而不愿在楼上会见我们。
十. prefer sb. to do sth.
I prefer you to spare some time to come to our art exhibition next week. 我宁愿你们下星期抽出点时间来看看我们的美展。
十一. prefer+that-clause.在that宾语从句中,我们应当用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”,其中的should可以省略。
We prefer that each new student take a science course. 我们希望每位新生修一门理科课程.
十二. prefer sth. (or sb.)+adj.
I prefer the door open. 我宁愿门开着。
I prefer my coffee black. 我爱喝不加奶的咖啡。
（小周）
篇6：两种副词用法有别 (中学英语教学论文)
新疆焉耆八一中学 肖华 （邮 编：841100）
Ⅰ两种形式，意义不同
1. hard “努力、刻苦、猛烈地、困难地”。hardly“几乎不、简直不；严厉地、无礼地；艰辛地、费力地”.
1)She works _____ while his brother ____ works. So he often fails in exam，and father criticized him _____.
2)The wind was blowing ____ , so the old man is breathing very ____.
1)hard ,hardly ,hardly 2)hard , hard
2. late “晚地、迟地、不早地”。lately“最近、不久前”=（recently）,可用于多种时态。as late as 与as lately as用法相同，意为“近至、直到”。
1)Mr Smith often arrives _____ _____
2)I saw her as _______ as the day before yesterday.
1)late , lately 2)late(lately)
3. short“突然地、唐突地”。shortly “不久、很快、立刻；无礼地”
The car stopped _____ , then it started ______.
short ,shortly
4. real “简短地、非常、的确”。really“事实上、实际上、真正地、彻底地”
1)I’m ______ sorry to hear that.
2)What does he _____ think about it ?
1)real 2)really
5. near（时间、空间、程度上的）接近、临近、在附近。nearly “几乎、差不多” nearly只能用来修饰名词、数词或数词＋名词，不能用来修饰形容词，与动词连用时，意为“非常、十分”。not nearly “根本没有”。
1).The train came _____ and _____.
2).When he arrived , it was _____ midnight.
3).She loves her mother very _______.
4).There is not ______ enough money for a new car.
1)nearer ,nearer 2)nearly 3)nearly 4)nearly
6.dead“全然、完全地、突然” deadly“死了一般地、非常”
1).He was ______ asleep ( drunk / tired).
2).The novel was ______ dull.
1)dead 2)deadly
7. dear“昂贵地” dearly “深深地、热切” dearly有时表示“昂贵地、以巨大代价”
1).He got rich by buying cheap and selling ______.
2).She loved his family _______.
3).He paid _____ for his experience.
1)cheap 2)dearly 3)dearly
8.close“接近、靠近”[多不置于动词和过去分词前，可与介词on/ upon连用，接数词或时段名词；与to 连用通常只接数词]。closely“密切地、秘密地、仔细地、紧密地、势均力敌地”
1).It was _____ on /upon midnight.
2).She is ______ upon / on / to thirty
3).Come _____ I want to tell you that she is _____ related to him and you must study it ______ .
1)close 2)close 3)close , closely ,closely
9.ready“事先准备好地”[常与过去分词连用] readily“欣然地、简单地、容易地、毫不迟疑地”
1).The meat was _____ cooked.
2).He ______ accepted the offer.
3).The sofa can be ______ converted into a bed.
1)ready 2)readily 3) readily
10. most“最；非常”。mostly “主要地、大多数”
1).---Is she the ____ beautiful girl in your class?
--- No, She is a _____beautiful girl.
2).The remaining people was ______ children and women.
1)most 2)most 3) mostly
11.clean “完全地、彻底地”[无比较级。常和forget , over, through ,away , out等连用]。cleanly“干净地、利索地”
1).I _____ forgot about it.
2).The knife doesn’t cut ____through the meat.
1)clean 2)cleanly
12.fair“公平地” fairly “相当地、完全地、老实地”
1).We should learn to fight hard but fight _____.
2).They live in a _____ big house.
1)fair 2) fairly
13.low“低地、便宜地、深深地”[可以表示声音的低]。lowly“谦虚地、卑微地；程度上低地”
1).The small plane flew ____ over the stadium.
2).He bowed _____ to the queen.
3).He bowed ______ before the queen.
1)low 2)low 3)lowly
14.pretty(可用来修饰褒贬意义的形容词或副词)“十分地、相当地、颇”。prettily“漂亮地”（主要用来修饰谓语动词）,pretty well(=almost)“几乎”。
1).Not only does she look ______ beautiful , but also she is dressed _____.
2).We’ve ______ well finished the work.
1)pretty , prettily 2)pretty
Ⅱ带-ly的副词用于抽象的场合。不带-ly的用于直接的或具体的场合。
1.wide“宽地”， widely “广泛地”wide还可表示“广大地、充分地、完全地”常构成：wide open（敞开着的）,wide awake（完全清醒）等搭配。
1).Please open the your mouth ______.
2).English is _____ used in the world.
3).He was ______ awake.
1)wide 2) widely 3)wide
2.high “高地”[可以表示物价、地位或声音的高] highly “高度地、十分地”
1).I am ______ pleased to jump so _____.
2).The model plane flies _____ , and Jack was _______ praised.
1)highly ,high 2)high , highly
3.deep“深地、晚地” deeply“深深地、强烈地、非常地”
a.修饰具体动作时，两者可换用，但多用deep. b.表示静止状态时，只用deep(此时多与介词、副词连用).c.修饰形容词或过去分词只能用deeply[此时deeply多用于引申含义，表示个人情感。d.deeply 可与hate, dislike, regret , admire , love , value等动词连用，但不能与like 连用.e.与how 连用，常用deeply.
1).We had to dig very _________ to find water.
2).He stood there thinking, his hands _______ in his pockets.
3)._____ moved by what had said , she sat there thinking ___ into the night.
4).I am _______ grateful to you.
5).I _______ regret his death.
6).How _______ did the she dive?
1)deep(deeply 2)deep 3)deeply , deep 4.deeply 5.deeply 6)deeply
Ⅲ习惯用法。
1. easy与 easily
一般情况下用easily easy (adv)只用于成语中,如：
go easy（慢点） go easy on（节省） take it easy放松 easy does it（漫漫干） get off easy（不受严厉惩罚）stand easy(稍息) ， take it easy on .. （对….太严厉），Easy come , easy go（来得容易去得容易）
1).This TV set can be ______ moved
2)They could be ______ seen at a distance of ten miles.
1)easily 2)easily
2．aloud loud 与loudly
aloud“出声地”（不是在脑子里默默地说，只有修饰cry, shout时，才表示“大声地”，没有比较级）loud主要用来说明人的谈笑等声音，常与speak , talk, laugh, say, shout等连用，但如果说明的是消极性行为用loudly.（loudly常含“喧闹、噪杂“之意）.loudly还可表示穿着、打扮等的引人注目地、花哨地。
1).He thought to himself _____ for a while , then he was about to speak _____ when the bomb exploded _______.
2).She was very ______ dressed.
1)aloud , loud , loudly 2)loudly
3.slow与slowly
在walk ,climb, go, speak, read, burn 或how 之后常用slow. 在how, go drive, climb之后也可用slowly，但较少。其他情况一般用slowly.
1).How _____ he climbs!
2).We had to go very _______.
3).She eats most ______ of all the family.
1)slow 2)slow(slowly) 3)slowly
4.quick 与quickly “快地、迅速地”
as quick as 比as quickly as 更为常见。quicker 和more quickly都是副词的比较级，但quicker主要用来指速度，more quickly主要用来指时间。
1).He runs as _______ as I.
2).As we get older the years seem to pass _______.
3).The train will get you there _____ than the bus.
1)quick(quickly) 2)more quickly 3)quicker
Ⅳ.意义相似，常可换用
1.clear 与 clearly “清楚地”,可换用,若有修饰语时，须用clearly. 表示“明显地，显然地”用clearly. clear还有“完全地”之意
1).He speaks ________ and loud.
2).He speaks quite _______.
3).It was ______ a mistake..
4).The prisoner got ______ away.
1)clear(clearly) 2)clearly 3)clearly 4.clear
2.direct 与directly“直、直接地”可换用，directly 还有“立即“之意。也可作连词,相当于as soon as.
1).We flew _______ to Paris.
2).I’ll see you ______ after lunch
3).______ I had done it, I knew I had made a mistake.
1)drect(directly) 2)directly 3)directly
3.free与 freely“自由地”可换用，free还有“免费地”之意，freely 有“率直地、慷慨地，大量地”之意
1).The children ran _______ across the meadow.
2).She was admitted _____.
3).He gives ______ to many organization that help the poor.
1)free(freely) 2)free 3)freely
4.cheap与cheaply“便宜地”可换用，但只说go cheap (被便宜卖出)。
I sold the car _________
The car will go ________
1)cheap (cheaply) 2) cheap
5.bad / badly “非常；严重；恶劣地；迫切地“
The building around were badly damaged 周围的建筑物损坏严重。
The flowers need watering badly. 花急需浇水。
6.quiet / quietly “轻轻地“
Close the door quiet (quietly) 轻请地关门。
一般来说大多数带-ly与不带-ly意义相同时，带-ly的表示方式、方法，不带-ly的表示结果、状态。
The door is closed tight.门紧紧地关着
Please tightly close the door.请把门关紧。
The photo has not come out clear.这照片模糊不清
He remembers the photo clearly 他记得很清楚
Ⅴ.位置不同。
带-ly多放在动词的前面，不带-ly多放在句末。常见的有：firm---firmly（坚固地、坚实地、牢牢地）, tight----tightly（紧紧地、坚固地）, wrong---wrongly（错误地）, right ----rightly（正确地、公正地、恰当地）
You don’t hold your pen right.你拿笔的样子不对。
They rightly guessed that he would refuse to help.
他们正确猜测到他是会拒绝给予帮助的。
rightly一般不修饰形容词或副词。可放在句首对全句内容进行评价。
Rightly ,The meeting ended early today.
The door was shut tight 门关得紧紧地
The passengers were tightly packed in the train.
旅客紧紧地挤火车里。
You’ve got it wrong (wrongly) 你误会了。
He was wrongly caught by the police. 警察错抓了他。
loud一般位于动词后，loudly位于动词前后均可。
You should not speak so loud (loudly) 你不该那样大声说话。
篇7：使役动词have用法小议 (中学英语教学论文)
浙江 盘笋
一. have sb do sth
此结构意为“让/请某人做某事”，宾语是宾语补足语所表示动作的执行者，但宾语补足语表示的动作却发生在have动作之后，即宾语补足语所表示的动作在当时尚未发生。例如：
The soldiers had him stand with his back to his father.
士兵们让这男孩背对他父亲站着。
The teacher had us hand in our homework on time.
老师让我们按时交作业。
We had Alice attend that meeting with him.
我们让艾丽斯与他一起参加了那个会议。
注意：此结构用于否定句中时，常含“不能容忍、不允许”之意。例如：
I won”t have you say such things.
我可不允许你说这样的话。
We”ll never have such things happen again.
我们决不允许类似的事情再次发生。
二. have sb / sth doing sth
在have sb / sth doing sth中，doing sth为现在分词短语，在句中作宾语补足语；sb / sth与doing之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。有以下两种主要用法：
1. 多表示“让某人/某物处于做某事的状态”，此时have也可由keep来代替。例如：
His parents had him staying at home all the time.
他父母亲让他一直呆在家里。
The night before the procession, the two cheats had their lights burning all night long.
在举行游行的前一天夜里，那两个骗子让灯整夜亮着。
We have never had women working in this part of our company before.
我们以前从来没有让女性在公司的这个部门工作过。
2. won”t / can”t have sb / sth doing sth含“不允许或禁止”之意，通常可由not allow / not permit / forbid + sb / sth +to do替换。例如：
I can”t have you catching cold. Run and change your wet clothing.
我不能让你感冒了。快去把湿衣服换掉。
George, I won”t have you shouting at me that way!
乔治，我不允许你那样对我大吵大叫。
We can”t have them forcing their views on everyone else.
我们不容许他们把自己的观点强加于其他所有的人。
三. have sth done
在此结构中，宾语与宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的被动关系，所以宾语补足语一般由及物动词的过去分词充当。这个结构一般有以下三种不同的意思：
1. 表示“请/让/叫别人（为自己）做某事”，强调主语的意志。例如：
To keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls joined up.
为御敌于国门之外，秦始皇令人将所有的边墙连成一体。
Mr Howe wants to have his washing machine repaired.
豪先生想请人为他修理洗衣机。
Mrs Smith had two of her teeth taken out last week.
上个星期史密斯夫人请人拔掉她的两颗坏牙。
2. 表示“遭遇某种不幸的事情”，说明宾语遭遇的是一种意外的事故，并不着重说明“是谁使他遭遇这种灾难”。例如：
I had my wallet stolen on my way home last Monday.
上星期一我在回家的路上，钱包被（人）偷了。
Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken by the noise of jet planes passing overhead.
机场附近房屋的窗户有时被上空掠过的喷气式飞机的响声震破。
Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machines.
在一些产业中，工人的听力常被机器噪音所损害。
3. 表示“使完成某事”。强调事情的结果，而不强调动作的执行者。此事可以是别人完成的，也可以是自己参与完成的。例如：
We must have the work finished before the hurricane comes.
我们必须在飓风到来之前完成这项工作。（“我们”可能参加这项工作，也可能没参加。）
She told me she had her house repaired.
她告诉我她的房屋修好了。（“她”可能参加了修理工作，也可能没有参加。）
The nurse will have your temperature taken.
护士要量你的体温。（主语The nurse参与完成。）
I have your medicine prepared now.
我已经把你的药准备好了。（主语I可能参与完成。）
四. have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语
此结构表示主语“让某物或某事处于某种状态，或使某人到某处”。用作宾语补足语的形容词、副词或介词短语常含有动向意义。因此，宾语（人或物）与宾语补足语之间也存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：
It is too hot, so you must have all the windows open.
天气太热，你们得让所有的窗户都开着。
It”s sunny today. You”d better have your flowers out.
今天天气晴朗，你最好把你的花搬到外面去。
Tom is ill. So his mother has him to the doctor”s.
汤姆病了，因此他妈妈让他去看病。
He looked very fat because he had cushions under his robe.
他看起来非常胖因为他将软垫子塞进了袍子里面。
篇8：非谓语动词用法对比 (中学英语教学论文)
知识要点：
一、不定式与动名词做主语：
1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：
Collecting information about children’s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。
It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。
2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：
（1）It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do
（2）It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.
3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：
It’s no good (use, fun) doing.
It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.
It’s worth while doing.
二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：
1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。
His teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability. 他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。
2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。
Its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的（指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵。
3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。
The task of this class is practising the idioms. （现在分词做表语）
With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （现在进行时）
4、常用作表语的现在分词有：interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。
The joke is amusing .这笑话很逗人。
The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人不解。
5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。
The village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词做表语）
The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被动语态）
He is well educated.（过去分词做表语）
He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）
常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：
used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等。
6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：
interest（使…感兴趣），surprise（使…吃惊），frighten（使…害怕），excite（使…兴奋），tire（使…疲劳），please（使…满意），puzzle（使…迷惑不解），satisfy（使…满意），amuse（使…娱乐），disappoint（使…失望），inspire（使…欢欣鼓舞），worry（使…忧虑）
它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人），表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如：
Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。
They are very tired. 他们很疲劳
After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.
三、不定式与动名词做宾语：
1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：
want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。
2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等。
3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作，而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式having done.
He forgot to tell me to post the letter.（他忘了叫我发信。）
I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。
Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里，记得给我们写信。
I don’t remember meeting him. 我不记得见过他。
I regret to tell you that I can’t go to your birth-day party. 我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。
They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他们后悔同意这个计划。
He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。
She tried reading a novel, but that couldn’t make her forget her sorrow. 她试着看看小说，但也不能使她忘记伤心事。
I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我没有企图伤害你。
A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。
4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。
The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。
The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。
This English novel is worth reading. 这本英文小说值得一读。
The situation in Russian required studying. 俄国形式需要研究。
四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：
1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：
ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid
The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. 医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。
We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。）
2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式，这些动词有：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等。例如：
We noticed him enter the house. 我们留意到他进了那所房子。
The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板让他们一天干12小时工作。
注意当make、have不做“迫使、让”讲，而做“制造、有”解时，跟带有to的不定式做状语。
Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. 妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。
He had a meeting to attend. 他有个会要开。
3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。例：
We heard him singing the song when we came in. 当我们进来的时候，听见他正唱那首歌。
We have heard the song sung twice. 我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。
五、非谓语动词做定语：
1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。例如：
He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do. 他没有房子住却有好多活要干。
Our monitor is the first to arrive. 我们班长是第一个到的。
2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：
动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。
a walking stick 拐杖（动名词做定语，意为a stick for walking）
a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词做定语，意为a car for sleeping）
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定语，意为the sun which was rising）
the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词做定语，意为the world which is changing）
3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。如：
a piece of disappointing news 使人失望的消息（意同a piece of news which disappointed us）
in the following years 在后来的几年中（意同in the years that followed）
a well dressed woman 衣着讲究的女士（意同a woman who is dressed well）
a car parked at the gate 停在门口的小汽车（意同a car which was parked at the gate）
六、不定式与分词做状语：
1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：
He hurried home only to find his money stolen. 他匆忙赶到家中，发现钱被盗了。（结果状语）
To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。（目的状语）
All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. 看到他的进步，我们都很吃惊。(原因状语)
2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：
Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful. 从山上看，这座城市很美。（条件状语）
Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 当走进房间时，他发现父亲生气了。（时间状语）
Being tired, they went on working. 虽然累了，但他们继续工作。（让步状语）
Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那个小男孩哭了。（原因状语）
He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. 他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺高兴。（伴随状语）
（小周）
篇9：介词about的意义与用法 (中学英语教学论文)
1.到处，在各处（in various directions）：There lay books about the room.书被扔得满屋子都是。 /Flowers dot about our school.我们学校里到处点缀着鲜花。/Sheep and cows are about the lawn.草地上到处都是牛羊。
2.向四周，向各处（to various places）：He is traveling about the world.他正在世界各地旅行。 /The headmaster took the foreign guests about the campus.校长带外宾参观校园。 /The mice ran away about the house on hearing a cat coming.老鼠们一听见猫到来就向屋子的四周奔逃。
3.在四周，在周围，围绕（round）： There are a lot of trees about the house.在房子的周围有许多树木。 /There is a fence about his garden.他的菜园的四周围了一道篱笆。 /The children sat about Lei Feng.孩子们围着雷锋而坐。
4.在附近(in the vicinity of, near)：Mr. An bought a house about the school.安先生在学校附近买了房子。 /The parents are chatting and their children are playing with toys about them. 父母们在聊天，孩子们在他们的旁边玩玩具。
5.在里面 (within a given place or area)：Mr. Zhang could only walk about the place that Mr Jiang limited. 张先生只能在蒋先生限制的地方里面走动。 /He seemed to have something hidden about his person. 他的衣服里好像藏有什么东西。
6.在身边，在身上，在手头（on or near the body of）： Yesterday I wanted to buy the violin in the window, but I happened to have no money about me. 昨天我想买下窗口里的那把小提琴，但碰巧身上没带钱。 /A strange smell about her caused her much trouble.她身上的怪味给她添了很多麻烦。
7.关于，有关（concerning; regarding; in connection with）：They are talking about the film they saw last night.他们在谈论他们昨晚看过的电影。 /This story is about Lei Feng.这是个关于雷锋的故事。 /Please tell me something about your country. 请告诉我有关你们国家的一些情况。
8.从事，忙于(concerned or occupied with)：What are you about? 你在做什么？ /Do you know how to set about it? 你知道怎样做这事吗？
9.与what或how连用，表示建议或询问： What about going out for a walk? 出去散步怎么样？ /How about this blue skirt? 这件蓝色的裙子怎么样？
10 接近于，大约，左右（or so; close to）：We left there about ten o’clock. 我们大约在十点钟离开了那里。 /The school is about six miles from the farm.学校离农场六英里左右。
11就要，即将（on the point of; going to）：Hurry up! The plane is about to start.赶快，火车就要开动了。 /I was about to go out when it began to rain.我正要出门，忽然天下起雨来。
about的意义与用法（2）
---about与名词、形容词、动词的搭配
魏继德
A.about＋名词
● 1.about East正确的（方向），对的：He found out what was about East and shaped his course accordingly. 他找到了正确的方向，于是他采取了相应的行动。
● 2.about one’s ears 彻底破灭，完全落空：I don’t believe that her hope will come crashing about her ears.我相信她的希望不会落空。
● 3.about face 向后转(指操练动作), (立场,观点的)彻底改变：He made a 180° about face.他来了个180°的大转弯。
● 4.about one’s person在某人的衣服里，在身上：He had a gun hidden about his person. 他身上藏有一支枪。
B.形容词＋about
● 4.busy about ( or with, or over)忙于：What are you busy about? 你在忙什么？ /Don’t disturb your sister; she is busy about her lessons.别打搅你姐，她在忙功课。
● 5.careful about (or of)当心，注意：You should be more careful about your spelling. 你要更加注意你的拼写。
● 6.cautious about谨慎于，注意：He is never cautious about his clothing. 他从不讲究衣着。
● 7.certain about确知，相信：She was not certain about the grammar and some of the idioms. 她对语法和一些成语没有把握。
● 8.clear about 明白： I am not clear about the reason why he wants to go. 我不明白他要去的原因。
● 9.conceited about为……自满，自誇：She hasn’t anything to be conceited about. 她没有任何事情可骄傲的。
● 10.crazy about狂欢于……：The villagers were crazy about their rich harvest. 村民们狂热地欢庆他们的大丰收。
● 11.generous about (or in) 慷慨，乐于：Mr. White is generous about helping the poor. 怀特先生乐于帮助穷人。
● 12.glad about对……喜欢： Mary was glad about the book I gave her.玛丽很喜欢我送给她的书。
● 13.guilty about因……而有罪：Didn’t he feel guilty about hiring children workers? 难道他不觉得雇佣童工是有罪的吗？
● 14.happy about因……而高兴，喜于：Are you happy about your new car? 你喜欢你的新车吗？ /My brother is happy about getting a new job.我兄弟因得到一份新工作而高兴。
● 15.keen about迷于：Her daughter is keen about the game on the computer.她的女儿迷于电脑游戏。
● 16.lazy about懒于：He has become lazy about doing morning exercises.他已经懒于做早操了。
● 17.mad about 着迷，狂热追求：A classmate of mine gets mad about Mary. 我的一位同学狂热地追求玛丽。
● 18.optimistic about对……乐观：Liu Hua is very optimistic about his future.刘华对他的前途很乐观。
● 19pensive about ……而忧愁：She was pensive about her losing work. 她在为失去工作而忧愁。
● 20.pessimistic about (or of)对……悲观：Luce is pessimistic about passing the examination. 露西对她能否通过考试感到悲观。
● 21.proud about (or of)因……而骄傲：We are proud about being Chinese.我们作为中国人而感到骄傲。
● 22.sensitive about对……注意： She is sensitive about her appearance. 她很注意她的外表。
● 23.serious about对……认为严重，拼命的：Dick was serious about being the champion. 狄克拼命地要当冠军。
● 24.shy about羞于：Reed is a boy who is shy about getting in with a girl. 理德一个羞于同女孩子交往的男孩。
● 25.sure about (or of)对……有把握，确实知道： Mr. Ma is not sure about the grammar and some of idioms. 马先生对语法和一些成语没有把握。
● 26.suspicious about (or of) 对……感到疑惑：I am suspicious about his theory. 我对他的理论感到怀疑。
● 27.uneasy about 担心，为……感到不安： Mrs. Wang was uneasy about her daughter who didn’t come home. 王太太为没有回家的女儿担心。
● 28.upset about心慌，混乱：Xiao Ya was upset about her missing friend. 萧雅因她的朋友失踪而心慌意乱。
C)动词＋about
● 29.ask about询问，探听：She often asks Lao Cao about Mr.Chih 她常常向老曹询问纪先生的情况。
● 30.beat about四处闲逛：The wandering boy was beating about the street. 那个流浪儿在街上四处闲逛。
● 31.beat about for搜寻，寻求：He always beats about for an excuse not to attend the meetings.他总是寻找借口不参加会议。
● 32.beat about (or around) the bush推诿，逃避：Tell me the truth; don’t beat about the bush.告诉我实话，不要吞吞吐吐。
● 33.boast about (or of)吹嘘：Jimmy keeps boasting about having been to the moon.吉米不停地吹嘘说他到过月球。
● 34.bother about因……烦扰，麻烦：Don’t bother about your little son. He has grown up.别为你的儿子麻烦了，他已长大了。/I never bother about clothes.我从不为穿着的事费心。
● 35.bring about 导致，引起，产生，实现： Her husband’s death brought her about great sadness.丈夫的死亡使她悲哀。 /What brought about that bloody incident? 那次流血事件是怎样引起的？ /We hope to bring about a peaceful solution of the problem in Middle East 我们希望中东实现和平。
● 36.care about ①关心：A selfish person does not care about other people’s problems.一个自私的人是不会关心别人的困难的。 ②在意，计较：She didn’t care about anything that people might say.人们说什么她都不在乎。 ③喜欢：I don’t care much about watching TV. 我不太喜欢看电视。 /The Emperor cared more for fine new clothes than for anything else. 那位皇帝热中于漂亮的新衣胜过一切。
● 37.caution about警告：The boss has cautioned Rose about her carelessness in her work. 老板已经警告过罗斯她工作上的粗心。
● 38.close about包围： Mountains close about the small town. 群山环抱着那个小镇。 /The police has closed about the house. 警察已经包围了那座房子。
● 39.come about (adv) 发生：I don’t know how the accident came about。我不知道这事故是怎么发生的。 /A great change in people’s thinking has come about.人们的思想发生了很大的变化。/How does it come about that you are always so thin? 你怎么总是那么瘦？
● 40.concern about 关心，挂念：Don’t concern about your grades only at the end of the term.不要只在期末才关心你们的分数。 /Many people are concerning about the future of Iraq. 很多人在关心伊拉克的前途。
● 41.confuse about 使混乱：His long lecture confused about the topic. 他的长篇演讲把讲题都弄混了。
● 42.consult about请医生看病，与……商量：You should consult the doctor about your cough. 你应当请医生检查你的咳嗽。 /You can consult my cousin about buying a car. 你可向我的表兄请教购买小汽车的事。
● 43.cry about (or over) 叹惜（不幸等）：She often cries about the death of her husband. 她常常叹惜丈夫的死。
● 44.deliberate about 讨论：How long did it take you to deliberate about the problem? 你们花了多长时间来讨论那个问题？
● 45.doubt about对……疑惑：I don’t doubt about his honesty at all. 对于他的诚实, 我一点也不怀疑。
● about的意义与用法（3）
-- about与动词的搭配
魏继德
46.dream about (or of) 梦想，梦见：I never dreamed about being president 我做梦也没有想到当总统。 /Yingzi dreams about Uncle An becoming her step-father. 樱子非常希望安伯伯成为她的继父。
● 47.excite about 刺激，激动： I did not want to excite him about the fire. 关于这次解雇，我不想刺激他。 /She got excited at the news. 她因那条消息而变得激动起来。
● 48.forget about 忘记，疏忽： The game on the computer was so funny that Jimmy often forgot about his lessons. His mother told him not to forget to work hard at his lesson and she forgot saying so to Jimmy too many times. 有趣的电脑游戏使吉米常常不把功课放在心上，他母亲叫他别忘记努力学习功课，她忘记她已经对吉米这样说的次数太多了。
● 49.forget all about完全忘记：Einstein was so deep in his study that he forgot all about his friend and his supper. 爱因斯坦一头扎进研究中，完全忘记了他的朋友和晚餐。
50.fret about 为……而焦急：She told me not to fret about her health. 她叫我不要为她的健康担忧。
● 51.get about 流传，往来，四处行走： She wants to get about the world. 她想要扬名世界。 /There are people getting about the market. 市场上人来人往。 /It’s getting about that a war will break out in America. 据传在美国将要发生一场战争。
● 52.go about ①为……目的而去： How did you go about finding a new job? 你怎样找了到新工作呢？ ②四处走动： He is going about with Tom. 他同汤姆一起到处走动。 ③流传、传说：The story is going about that her uncle with Ania is flying to Hangzhou. 据说她的伯父同安莉娅将飞往杭州。 ④从事，进行，干（engage; being busy with）：I think they are going about the project blindly.我认为他们在盲目地进行那个工程。 /We are going about our work in high spirits.我们干得正起劲呢。 ⑤着手，开始(set about; begin)：How shall we go about the job? 我们该怎样着手做这件工作？ /They are going about cultivating the wasteland. 他们开始垦荒。 /How do you go about repairing this computer? 你怎样着手修理这台计算机?
● 53.grieve about (or for or over)伤心于： Mr. Zheng grieved about the loss of his wife. 郑先生伤心于他妻子的去世。
● 54.grumble about (or at) 发牢骚；抱怨：She said she had nothing to grumble about. 她说她没有什么可抱怨的。
● 55.hang about ①在……徘徊，闲荡：She was seen hanging about the bank of the river that evening. 那天傍晚有人看见她在河岸边徘徊。 /After leaving school he hung about for half a year. 毕业后他闲荡了半年。 ②在身边，在附近：It was raining outside the house and the chickens hung about the hen. 屋子外面下着雨，小鸡依偎在母鸡身旁。
● 56.hear about (or of) 听到，听说： Have you heard about what happened in September 11? 你听说了九月11日发生的事吗？ /I have heard a lot about it.这事我听人谈了很多。
● 57.hedge about 围绕，封锁，束缚：He hedged about his garden with bamboo.他用竹子把菜园围起来。 /Don’t always hedge about yourself in the room. 不要老是把你自己锁在房子里。
● 58.idle about闲逛, 无所事事：Lao Zheng was not pleased with Xiao Zheng, who always idled about the town.小郑总是在镇里闲逛，老郑对他有些不满。
● 59.inform about (or of) 通知, 告诉：Have you informed them about your intended departure? 你告诉了他们你想离去吗？
● 60.inquire about打听，询问：She often inquires of me about your father. 她常常向我打听你的父亲的情况。 /He went to the school to inquire about his son. 他到学校询问儿子的情况。
● 61.kick about ①旅游，旅行：She's been kicking about Africa. 她正在非洲旅行。 ②虐待，粗暴地对待：They kicked him about until he ran away. 他们虐待他直至他逃走。 ③考虑，讨论：He is kicking about his new plan. 他在考虑他的新计划。 ④忽略，不注意：My cap's kicking about somewhere. 我的帽子放在什么地方了。
● 62.knock about ①到处流浪，漫游：He's knocked about Africa all his life. 他在非洲漂泊一生。 /He used to knock about the streets. 他曾在街头流浪。 ②冲击，碰撞：The ship had been badly knocked about by storms. 船饱受风暴的冲击。 ③闲置, 在场：The tractor has been knocking about the farmhouse for months. 那辆拖拉机在农舍里已经闲置几个月了。 /She's been knocking about here for years. 她在这儿待了好几年了。 ④虐待：It is not right that he knocks about his wife. 他虐待妻子是不对的。
● 63.know about知道……事，了解……情况(have information about)：I know about Bush, but I don’t know him. 我知道布什的事，但我不认识他。
● 64.lay about奋力搏斗，四面出击，拳打脚踢(do all one can; make a long arm)：We laid about the enemies by night. 乘着黑夜我们向敌人四面出击。 /The boy was seen laying about his father. 有人看见那男孩对他的父亲拳打脚踢。
● 65.learn about 听说到，了解到（hear about）：I have learnt about what has happened to her. 我已听到了她所发生的事情。
● 66.leave about 乱放：The furniture with the grain was left about the floor. 家具与谷物一同乱放在地板上。
● 67.lie about 点缀, 无所事事，弃置不用：Xiao Zheng is used to lying about the town, which makes his father angry. 肖征习惯于在城里无所事事，这使得他的父亲很恼火。
● 68.order about使唤，支使：Mrs. White is used to ordering about her husband. 怀特太太习惯于支使她的丈夫。 /He likes to order people about. 他喜欢对人们发号司令。
● 69.play about玩耍，鬼混：Mr. Cock is fond of playing about young women. 柯克先生喜欢同年轻女人鬼混。
● 70.push about杀死：It was reported that they pushed about a number of the captives. 据报道他们杀害了许多俘虏。
● 71.put about ①使难过，使着急：The death of that good doctor put about everybody. 那位优秀医生的死使大家很难过。 /People were put about by sars .非典型肺炎使人们很焦急。 ②传播（谣言）：It was put about that Saddam died in the war. 谣传萨大姆在战争中死亡了。
● 72.puzzle about对……感到迷惑：Black was puzzled about the headmaster’s remark yesterday. 布莱克对校长昨天的批评感到迷惑不解。
● 73.quarrel about为……争吵：Don’t quarrel about such a trifling matter with her.不要为这样的小事同她争吵。
● 74.read about (or of)获悉，听到（hear of, learn of）： I have read about my friend’s sickness.我听说我的朋友病了。
● 75.see about ①查询，留意于，注意 ( inquire about ; pay attention to)：He promised to see about the matter. 他答应注意这件事。 /We'll see about that! 咱们走着瞧！ ②考虑（consider; think about）：I want to buy a computer and my mother said she would see about it.我想买台计算机，我母亲说她将考虑这件事。 ③安排、处理（attend to; arrange）：My sister saw about the appointment. 我的姐姐安排了这次约会。 ④商量（consult about）：You’d better see the headteacher about your plan. 你最好同班主任商量你的计划。
● 76.set about ①开始，着手（start; begin）： Let’s set about to clean the classroom.让我们开始打扫教室。 /We set about our task at once with great enthusiasm.我们立即满腔热情地干了起来。 ②散布（spread; scatter; diffuse）：I wonder who set about the rumor. 我不知道谁散布了这谣言。 ③攻击(attack)： They set about each other fiercely. 他们相互猛烈殴打。
● 77.sing about歌颂（pay a tribute to）：They are singing about their great motherland. 他们正在歌唱他们的伟大祖国。
● 78.speak about谈到，讲起(refer to; talk of)： My uncle spoke about the adventure. 我的伯父讲到那次历险。
● 79.talk about 谈到，谈论(refer to)：They are talking about the Disneyland and the workers that they visited yesterday.他们在谈论他们昨天参观过的迪斯尼乐园和工人们。
● 80.tell about讲述有关……，显露出(narrate; unfold)： The story tells about a fisherman who met with a fairy. 故事讲述了一位遇见仙女的渔夫。 /Her face tells about her happiness and shame. 她的脸上显露出幸福与羞涩。
● 81.think about ①考虑(consider)：I am thinking about this problem. 我正在考虑这个问题。 /He is thinking about whether to buy a car. 他在考虑是否买车。 ②想到(occur; think of)：I’ll be thinking about you all the time. 我会时常想到你的。 ③认为(be one’s opinion)： What do you think about this film? 你认为这电影怎么样？
● 82.wait about 在来处等待着，呆呆地等：Mary had Tom wait about for her two hours. 玛丽让汤姆呆呆地等了两小时。
● 83.warn about (or of)告诉，谈到，告诫，警告：He warned us about the serious situation of Byland Korea. 他向我们谈了朝鲜半岛的严重形势。 /The Weather Bureau warned about hurricanes.气象局发出了飓风警报。
● 84.wonder about对……感到惊讶(be surprised at)：I wonder about the death of Wo. 我对沃的死亡感到惊讶。
● 85.worry about担心，挂虑(be afraid for; take thought for)： Don’t worry about your pay. 别担心你的报酬。 /He said he worried about nothing. 他说他没有什么可挂虑的。
（小周）
篇10：从近年高考题谈代词的用法 (中学英语教学论文)
试完成下列高考单项选择题：
1.We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because _______ of us had ______ money on us.
A.all, no B.any, no C.none, any D.no one, any
2.Few pleasures can equal ______ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A.some B.any C.that D.those
3.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
A.where B.what C.how D.which
4.The Parkers bought a new house, but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A.they B.it C.one D.which
5.I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing
(答案1-----5 C C D B A )
1)人称代词：
人称代词分主格和宾格两种，前者在句子中担任主语，后者担任动词或介词的宾语。They study German. / Please pass me the ruler.
①人称代词的用法：
a.当代词成对地使用或一个代词与一个名词搭配使用时，两个部分的句法功能必须一致。Li Hong and I went shopping yesterday.
It was our teacher who smoothed away the difference between you and me.
注:人称代词的排列一般为：第二人称，第三人称，第一人称。
you, he and I them and us
如有其他代词时，其他代词排列于人称代词之后，如：he, I and some others
b.人称代词用作表语时，如说明主语，一般要用主格，如说明宾语则要用宾格。
If I were she, I would take your advice.
I would share the room with you if you were him.
②“It”的用法。
a.用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。
Where is the cat? It’s in the kitchen.
Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?
My book is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.
b.用以代替指示代词this, that。
What’s this? -- It’s a frog. /Whose pen is that? -- It’s mine.
c.表示时间，天气，距离等。
A lovely day, isn’t it? /It’s two o’clock.
It’s about two li from here to our school.
d.用作形式主语，形式宾语，代替不定式短语，动名词或从句。
It’s no use talking with him about that.
It took me twenty minutes to get there.
We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.
e.用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语，宾语或状语），常用强调结构“It is (was) + 被强调成分 + that(或who)…”。
It was Liu Ming that I saw in the street this morning.
It was in the classroom that he told me about it.
2)不定代词：
①all / both
a.both用于两个人或事物，all用于两个以上的人或事物，均可作主语。
All (of us) like fruits. /Both (of them) are good at English.
b.用作同位语。作主语同位语时须注意它们的位置不同，位于行为动词之前；位于be动词之后。
They all (或both) agreed with me. /They are all (或both) very healthy.
I know them all (或both).
②one / it（人称代词）
one 代替可数名词，表示上面所提到的那一类人或物中的一个，其复数形式带定语时用ones，不带定语时用some。而it则用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身，既可指单数可数名词也可指不可数名词。
I don’t have a watch but I’m going to buy one（或some）.
I have a bicycle. My aunt gave it to me.
③no one / none
no one 只用于指人，而none 既可指人也可指物。如果说“若干人（物）之中一个也不”，用“none of”,后接复数名词时，谓语可以用复数，也可用单数；后接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。如：
No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.
None of them have（或has）arrived yet.（不用no one）
None of the money is mine.
④some / any /no /every +（thing, one, body等。）
some 类用于肯定句，any类用于否定和疑问句。
I know nothing of what had happened to him.
I have little rice, so I can’t lend you any.
She is going to buy some new dresses.
注:everyone和every one
前者意思是“每个人”，与everybody同义，后面不可跟of短语，后者意思是每个人或物，后面跟of短语。试比较：
everyone in the classroom（教室里的所有的人）
every one of the children（这些孩子中的每一个）
every one of the books（这些书中的每一本）
⑤部分否定与全部否定：
当all, both, each和every(body, thing)等表示整体意义的代词与否定词连用时，一般只表示部分否定，如果表示全部否定，应该用none, no one, neither, nobody, nothing等.
All of the students were not late for the class. 不是所有学生上课都迟到的。
(现代英语中常写成：Not all the students were late for the class.）
None of the students were late for the class.没有一个学生上课迟到的。
3)疑问代词：
用于构成特殊疑问句，其中what, which, whose兼有形容词特征，可以和名词连用。
What job do you want to find? /Whose girl is she?
Which subject is your best one?
所有疑问代词都可以起名词作用，在句子中担任成分。
Who told you? /Whom are you waiting for?
Whose are those books?
在学习疑问代词时，对以下几组词注意区别：
① which和what
两者均可与名词连用，就人或物提问。但是which一般用于有一定选择范围的情况，what用于无选择范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。
Which colour do you like-green, red, yellow or brown?
What colour is her dress?
What writers do you like best?
② which和who 两者都可作代词，它们的区别是不管选择的范围是大还是小，which一般用作指物。
Which would you like to eat –steak or fish?
Who won the game –Smith or Johnson ?
当有一定选择范围时，which one代替who作宾语.
Which one do you like better, your mother or your father?
Which of可和人称代词或指人的名词连用,如：
Which of you has taken away my English book?
4)连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever等，除起连接作用外，还可以在从句中担当主语，宾语，定语，表语等成分。如：
The question is who can operate the new machine.（引导表语从句--作主语）
They asked whose idea this was.（引导宾语从句--作定语）
When you are older, you can watch whatever programme you like.
（引导宾语从句--作定语）
I’ll give my ticket to whoever wants it.
（这里whoever可看成“anyone who”，or“the person who”）.
（小周）
