如何攻克考研英语阅读理解议论文

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篇1：如何攻克考研英语阅读理解议论文

如何攻克考研英语阅读理解议论文

议论文是考研英语阅读理解中的重头戏，议论文分为两大类，立论文和驳论文。立论文，就是作者提出一个观点，然后用例子来论证他观点的正确性，这类文章主旨一般是在文章的开始就出现了。驳论文是先提出一个前人的观点，之后对这个观点进行反驳。在反驳的过程中阐述自己的观点。

这两类都是在考研阅读中经常出现的，对于这两类文章来说，比较难以把握的是驳论文，应对的方法就是，我们在看到一篇文章开头处提出一个观点，或者举出一个例子的时候，不要想当然的认为是作者的观点和例子，他们也有可能是作者所要批判的观点或者反例。总而言之，就是我们在读文章的时候，需要不断体会作者的意图，确定中心思想，不要主观臆断。

这也就引出了考生们在做阅读理解时，经常犯的三个错误之一，另外两个错误是以偏概全和偷换概念。主观臆断是指在做题时，总是根据自己的常识或者理解去解题，而不依照文章中的依据;以偏概全表现为断章取义，对文章内容的理解不全，就妄下判断;偷换概念是指混淆概念的修饰语、适用范围或者所指对象。

对于这三个问题的解决主要就是在“跟住作者的.思路”的基础上，关注细节，考生在复习中也要关注自己在平时的练习中所犯的错误主要是哪一类的，如果集中错在某一处，就应该在复习中给予重点的关注，避免或者少犯这样的错误。

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篇2：怎么攻克考研英语阅读理解

一、通读全文，注重理解

阅读理解其实主要考的是“阅读”之后的“理解”。 任何一篇文章，若要能看懂它，至少需要两个条件：认识单词和看明白句子。考研词汇大约为5500个，这不是一个小数字，也并非三两天时间可以记住的，所以，考生必须先买一本考研英语词汇书进行系统、长期的学习和记忆。除单词外，有时句子太长也会对阅读造成致命的伤害。这就要求同学们在日常学习英语的过程中，注意长难句的分析，记住一些固定的搭配，熟悉掌握句子结构。例如：

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response， causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions。

该句子可分三个层次进行分析。第一层是主干，studies have shown that， 第二层是由that引导的宾语从句，该从句中的主干是sex hormones affect the stress response， 现在分词causing引导结果状语，表示以某种方式影响压力反应，从而致使分泌更多的化学物质。现在分词做结果状语相当于so that 引导的从句，该分词结构可以改写为so that sex hormones cause females to produce more of the trigger chemicals。最后一个层次是than引导的比较状语从句，主语male与句子前的female相比较，替代词do代替之前的谓语，将谓语省略，提前do构成倒装。比较状语从句可改写为females produce more of the trigger chemicals than males produce。

译文：对动物和人类的研究表明，性激素以某种方式影响压力反应，使雌性在承受压力时比处于同等条件下的雄性分泌更多触发不良反应的化学物质。

大家切记，英语的句子中，“主+谓+宾”基本与中文一致，是按顺序摆放的，而定、状语经常倒着放，又长又多，比主、谓、宾要难很多。定、状语放好了，句子才能看明白，想看懂阅读理解中的长难句，语法基本功一定要扎实。

二、了解题型

阅读理解的问题基本分为五大类：

1.主旨大意题。

这类题实质考察考生对中心思想的理解，难度不高，具体应对技巧如下：

A.关注各段落首句，尤其是第一段首句，这与西方人思维相关，他们习惯开门见山表达出自己的观点，然后广泛引用材料去论述。因此，一般而言首段的首句构成文章的中心句，而各段的首句构成各段的中心。

B.关注首段末句。有些作者习惯先列出一些传统的观点或先对一些具体现象进行说明，然后提出与之不同的观点或在结尾对现象进行总结，在接下来的段落中继续论述。对于这类文章，如果作者没有提出不同的观点，则最后总结性语句为文章中心，一旦提出不同或完全对立的观点，又在后文中加以论述，则作者提出的新观点为文章中心;如果新老观点均是对同一个结果的论述，那么该论述的结论为文章中心。

C.当不能直接找出主题句时，通常文章中作者给予叙述较多或强调较多的某一事物或某一观点即文章的中心。在题目作答时，可采用中心词定位法，排除不含中心词的选项，对比有中心词的选项，选择最接近中心的选项。

D。如果对选项仍有异议，可把有异议的选项逐个带入文章中，看哪个能更好的囊括文章中心。这是一个检验的过程。

2.事实细节题。

此类题占阅读总分40分中的50%左右，因此十分重要。注意，这类问题与推理性问题截然相反，都可以从原文中找到答案，只不过为了迷惑考生，常常将原文进行改写，换一种说法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而与原文意思相同的，才是正确的。其基本应对技巧如下：

A.基本原则是以中心为导向，忠实原文为基础，千万不可主观臆断，最好的方法是回到原文的出题点进行揣摩。

B.必须看清题目，尤其是当题目就某一个具体细节并且脱离文章中心的提问。一般来说，细节问题绝大部分是围绕文章中心进行出题，但不排除文中就一些具体的，因果互动现象的内容提问。

3.词汇短语题。

其分值不高，考察范围可分为两类。第一，纲内词汇词义的引申。考察考生对所熟悉的词汇在特定语境下正确含义的理解。一般来说，该词的本意不是解，但是其引申义上仍可以找到本意的影子。第二，纲外词汇词义的推断。

4.推断性问题。

此类题大概占20%左右的分值，总体难度不大，是考生的必得分点。中心导向依然是解题的宏观主线，其关键是忠实原文的推断。其应对策略和事实细节题类似，考生在该题型上的主要失误在于脱离文章主观臆断造成的。

5.语气态度题。

对作者态度的判断是构成阅读理解的两条宏观主线之一。因此，正确辨明作者对所叙述事物的态度，不仅关系到本类题型的解答，也潜在影响到其他问题的正确解答。这类题目主要从作者文中描述事物所用到的形容词，副词，动词等表达感情色彩的词汇入手。当选项不能确定时，再回到原文中找关键词。对这类题型，分清褒贬一般不难，是考生的必得分点。

1.考研英语怎么复习（阅读理解）

2.如何攻克考研英语新题型

3.考研英语：攻克英语长难句之定语从句

4.攻克考研英语长难句之主语从句

5.考研英语冲刺指导：攻克完型有大招

6.考研英语阅读理解B型试题及答案

7.考研英语阅读理解复习题

8.考研英语教育类阅读理解及答案

9.2017考研英语（一）阅读理解深度分析

10.2017考研英语阅读理解解题思路

篇3：三大解题方法攻克考研英语阅读理解

三大解题方法攻克考研英语阅读理解

在做阅读理解练习时，既需要理解的准确性，又需要一定的阅读速度，许多考生往往是提高了阅读速度，理解准确率就下降，而强调了准确率，又影响了阅读速度。因此，如何解决好二者的矛盾是提高阅读理解能力的关键，而要解决这一矛盾，就需要采用正确的阅读方法。 文都教育推荐一下三种做题方法：

基本的阅读方法有三种：略读(Skimming)，寻读(Scanning)和细读(Scouting)。

略读的目的是快读全文，了解文章的大意和中心思想，并对文章的结构有个总的概念。通常在做题前进行，快读时精力必须十分集中，不必去记忆细节，遇到个别生词及难懂的词句，均应略过，以求对全文总体意思的了解。为了更好地抓住全文的中心思想，在快读时要留心文章中某些反复出现的词语，这些往往与文章的主题有关。快读时，还应特别注意文章的开始段和结束段以及文章中每一段的`段首句和结尾句，因为它们往往是对文章内容最好的概括。

寻读的目的主要是为了获取某些特定的信息，适用于细节题的解题，例如：真题50题，就应该先找到Stephen Cooper的名字和相应言行，此时就应采用寻读方式。在寻读时，光要一目数行地阅读文章以快速寻找与答题内容相关的词句，而略过与此无关的内容。用此方法我们可以很快地找到一部分测试文章细节的题目答案，如回答who,when,where提问的问题，但是用why,how等提问的与文章细节有关的题目却难以找到现成的答案，这时需要先寻读，再细读，以找到正确的答案。

细读的目的是彻底理解文章的内容和作者的观点。具体步骤如下：先找到文章中相关的内容部分，在此范围内逐句阅读，特别对关键词、句要仔细琢磨，以便对其有较深刻、较准确的理解和掌握。不仅要理解其字面意思，更要通过推理和判断，弄清文章中“字里行间”所隐含的意思，这样才能做到真正掌握文章的确切内容，对文章有深入的理解，正确理解作者的意图、观点和态度，近年来许多考题都指定考查某一段落或观点，对相应部分应尽可能细读。

值得一提的是，学生中存在一些不良的阅读习惯。“唇读”或“默读”，即在阅读过程中不出声地逐词阅读，这样就大大降低了阅读速度，使自己无法快速地从大量材料中捕捉有关信息，尤其是在考试中有时间限制的情况下，很难按时快速正确地做完阅读理解部分的试题；“指读”，即为了“集中注意力”，用手指或笔尖指着文章逐词阅读，它与“唇读”大同小异，一旦遇到生词，阅读即停顿下来，无法在通篇理解的基础上继续进行阅读；“回读”，即在阅读中遇到生词或不熟悉的短语或难句时，返回句首甚至段首重读，有时反复多次阅读某一长句、难句；以及“译读”，即在阅读过程中，不断地进行词、短语甚至是句子的翻译，通过译成母语来达到理解文章信息。有了这些不良阅读习惯，无论如何是无法提高阅读速度的。因此，学生在日常阅读过程中必须养成良好的阅读习惯，不是逐词阅读，而是按意群扫视，连贯阅读；不是拘泥于个别词句的理解，而是力求融会贯通、掌握全篇的中心思想；不是通过翻译成母语来理解，而是使英语的文字直接在大脑中产生意义。只有这样，阅读速度才能加快，理解的准确率才会提高。

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篇4：考研英语：阅读理解之说明性议论文解题

考研英语阅读理解的材料体裁大致分为三类：议论文、说明文和记叙文，其中观点鲜明、态度明确，具有争议性的议论文所占比重最大。考研英语试题中的议论文选材范围广泛，大多集中在科技、经济、教育、文化等领域。由于考生缺乏足够的知识储备和生活体验，因此议论文的阅读理解难度相对较大。所谓议论文，指的是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证，旨在达到说理的目的。议论文也分为三类：解说性议论文、证明性议论文、思辨性议论文。解说性议论文，即解释说明性质的议论文，也可以叫说明性议论文;证明性议论文，即提供多种证据来证明自己的观点的文章;思辨性议论文，即有思考辨析性质的议论文，或者是纯理论上的解说的议论文。 下面，重点讲解一下说明性议论文的解题思路与解题方法。

说明性议论文，顾名思义就是以说明为主，议论为辅，多采用举例论证的方式展开。在解题过程中，我们可以从如下几个方面着手。

一、找准论点：

论点应该是明确的判断，是作者看法的完整陈述，在形式上应该是完整的句子。有些文章，标题就是中心论点，有的文章开头就提出论点，有的文章的中心论点出现在篇末，有些文章则是在论述过程中提出中心论点，还有一些文章对论点的表述不很集中，需要我们用明确的语句把它概括起来。除此之外，还可以用如下方法找到论点：

1. 分析文章内容，有助于找出论点。

2. 分析论据有助于找到论点。因为论据是证明论点的，分析论据，看它证明的是什么问题。这个问题就是论点。

3. 分析题目有助于，就能很容易找到论点。

二、分析论据：

1. 分清是事实论据，还是道理论据。说明性议论文，多采用事实论据。

2. 找出此论据是用来证明什么观点的。

三、分析文章结构：

议论文的一般结构是提出找到论点。注意区别，有的标题不是论点，而是论题，但其中包含着论点，以它为线索去分析问题―分析问题―解决问题。要理清文章思路：看开头提出了什么问题，是从哪几个方面分析论证的，其中着重论述的是哪个方面，再进一步研究这么安排的道理。

四、分析议论文的语言特点：

要注意理解富有概括力的关键性词语。

五、厚积薄发：

阅读议论文，同样设计到语音、词语、句意的理解等基础知识，这就要在平时做一个有心人，随时积累词语，遇到有意思的句子要揣摩、领悟。考题上出现此类内容，要从文章内容上，尤其是从文章的中心上去理解。

六、要从整体上把握：

答题要在通读了全文之后再动手，有时甚至需要读两遍，才能真正读懂。只有懂了，答题才会准确。

最后，希望能在广大考生的考研之路上助大家一臂之力，帮助大家取得漂亮的成绩!

篇5：攻克考研英语阅读新题型

攻克考研英语阅读新题型

从起，考研英语阅读部分增设了“新题型”，共有5道题目，总分值为10分。一般来说，考研英语新题型可以归为三类，一类叫做“插入”，就是我们传统说的“7选5”；还有一种叫“配对”，实际上有两种，一种是“论据找论据”，一种是“论点找论据”；还有种叫“排序”。

三种类型都是考大家对文章的理解和把握，它们交替出现，本质考的内容不变――考查同学们对于文章句子的逻辑把握：“插入”考的是你对句组之间的文字关系的理解；“排序”考的是你对段落之间的文字关系的理解；“配对”考的是你对论证以及论点之间的关系的把握，说白了就是考对文章的把握。所以说，我们在准备新题型时，特别需要注意的一点就是没有进入到自己复习的文章中去，更多是陷入到做题方法的训练上，这是典型的本末倒置。因为新题型考的说到底还是考考生对文章的理解和把握，如果阅读能力没有根本的提高，获取高分只能是一种空想。所以，对于新题型，我们在准备时要多注重提高自己对文章的理解能力，多读一些文章，然后再去注重一些方法和技巧。

平时怎么复习？

1、学好英语基本知识

要提高阅读能力，必须要有扎实的语言基础。这主要包括两个方面：一个是要熟练掌握历年最新大纲规定的词汇量，再一个就是英语的一些语法和惯用法知识。如果词汇量不够，阅读时生词就多。这不但影响阅读的速度，也影响理解的程度，因而难以顺利通过研究生入学考试，而且在平时的学习和工作中，也不能有效地进行阅读。当然，英语语法和惯用法也是必不可少的基本知识，考生必须熟练掌握，否则就不能正确理解阅读中遇到的结构复杂的难句、长句。可见，提高阅读能力的前提就是练好扎实的语言知识基本功，主要是掌握尽可能多的词汇，熟练掌握英语语法和习惯用法，并进行大量的阅读实践。

2、精读一系列文章

这里说的精读是真正意义上的精确阅读。找一本大家都认为比较好的阅读理解方面的书，把做题的想法暂时抛开，从标题到结尾，每一段，每一句，每一个单词，都要弄清楚是什么意思，特别是句中句，要弄清楚哪部分是起修饰作用，哪部分又是对上几句的解释，一定要彻底弄清楚。这样每篇文章可能至少要花上一个小时才能把文章吃透，把每个隐藏的语法都挖出来。如果你觉得开始很困难，可以从最简单的做起，比如把单句的成分划出来，联系上下文猜不懂单词的意思。这样的训练至少要维持半个月到一个月，每天都要坚持两篇以上的文章。不要觉得这个步骤太麻烦，只有具备了良好的基础，往下的训练才能更有意义。

3. 对症下药，注重方法；循序渐进，注意速度

当你对文章句子结构的掌握有了较大的`提高后，就要开始进一步训练。开始的时候要先做一些容易的练习题，而后再逐渐增加难度。做了一定的练习后要定期总结，以便及时发现自己的薄弱环节，然后再有针对性的去加以弥补。

提高阅读能力，还必须掌握正确的阅读方法和有效的阅读技能。一般说来，考生应根据不同的目的，采用不同的阅读方法。主要有以下三种基本阅读方法：

略读

略读就是快速阅读。目的是通过浏览全文的方法，了解文章的大意和主旨，对文章的内容有个总的概念和印象。具体地说，就是略去细节部分，不花时间琢磨难句和生词，重点阅读开头段、结尾段以及每段的首句和结尾句。

寻读

寻读或查读的目的是要有目标地去找出文章中某些特定的信息或回答阅读理解题所需要的事实或依据。因此，查读时，也要以很快的速度扫视文章，注意与答题内容有关的词句；与内容无关或关系不大的部分则可一带而过。

细读

在含有所需信息的段落或句子中要找到准确的内容，不但需要进一步重点细读有关的词语和句子，理解其表层意义，还需要对句子进行分析、归纳、推理，从而了解句子的真正内涵，做出符合逻辑的判断，回答较为复杂的问题。在细读中遇到不熟悉的词语，可通过联系上下文，根据有关常识、背景知识以及利用构词规则来猜测词义。如果遇到难以理解的或结构复杂的长句，可借助语法知识，通过分析句子的结构，搞清主谓关系、指代关系以及修饰与被修饰关系等，从而达到更为深刻准确的理解。

通常我们应根据不同的目的，采用不同的方法进行阅读。如要了解一篇文章的大意，用略读的方法；要获取某些特定信息，用寻读的方法；要掌握确切的内容，就要用细读的方法。在正式考试中，这三种方法都是必不可少的，解答阅读题的过程，就是综合运用这几种方法的实践过程。

研究生入学考试是有时间限制的，所以用在阅读选择题部分的时间也是有限的，所以在平时的练习中还要注意的自己做题速度，否则很难发挥出自己应有的水平。

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篇6：考研英语复习备考 攻克阅读

考研英语复习备考 攻克阅读

对于考研的同学来说，在一年的时间中要让英语有质的飞跃，仅仅依靠过去十几年积累的学习方法是远远不够。建议广大考生，在整个复习的过程中要始终保持对自己当前水平的清醒认识，对症下药。同学们可以利用考研真题或模拟题来摸清自己的水平，并在认真分析试卷得失分基础上找到自己的薄弱环节，之后再据这些有针对性地规划整体复习进度。每隔一段时间即可重复上述步骤，并根据当前水平调整复习计划。

人的精力毕竟是有限的，在复习过程中，不可能眉毛胡子一把抓，必须要突出重点。在时间和精力有限的情况下，一方面是要抓有可能快速提高的项目，另一方面就是要抓分值高的项目。大家都知道，阅读占英语试卷的比例很大，所以大家要对阅读应当充分重视，更何况精读训练对提高完型填空、翻译长难句和作考研网校大有裨益。下面，就为大家分析一下作为阅读“地基”的词汇学习和如何扩大阅读量。

按照大纲分三个阶段掌握词汇

作为英语复习的基础，也是阅读“地基”的词汇，在首轮复习阶段考生必须全面掌握大纲要求的5500个左右的词汇和数百个词组，并细致了解词根、词缀、近义辨析、同义比较、一般用法、固定搭配等。对词汇的复习也可以分成几个阶段，由于它是整个英语学习的基础，必须记忆，而人在记忆过程中是有一个遗忘周期的，因而对词汇的记忆就要以多取胜了，即多记几轮。第一阶段可以只记词汇的大致意思，即看到一个词知道其大概含义即可；第二阶段可以记其拼写及大纲要求的含义，一词多义可以用词组、固定用法或句子帮助记忆；第三阶段要学习如何正确使用词汇，最好把它放到句中当中去记。每一阶段又分别需要几轮记忆才能够完成。

培养语感并扩大课外资料阅读量

培养良好的语感对考生完成完型、阅读理解和作文有着非常重要的作用。尤其是完型填空，有时文章可能读不太懂，但感觉会告诉你应该选哪一项。培养语感可以通过几种方法，比如多听英语磁带和广播，看看英语原版书籍和原版VCD，多读优秀的'英文资料甚至背诵等等，但必须坚持，日积月累才会有收获。

对于阅读文章，建议考生多看历年真题中的阅读理解部分，那些文章短小但极其精悍。有的参考书本将这些文章单独分列出来，同时配上译文和解读，考生尽量将近几年来考研真题中的阅读理解文章都能够读上五到十遍以上，达到完全理解甚至背诵的程度，考生一定要切实利用好真题这一最好的条件。阅读文章除了真题中的文章外，还特别推荐读外刊上的文章，因为往往考研真题的阅读理解文章都是出自于国外刊物。这里，向大家推荐一些外刊：如果上网方便的话，可以从一些英文网站如CNN或者纽约时报网站获取一些文章；也可以买《英语文摘》杂志和《China Daily》报纸，当然重点是上面摘的外刊部分。阅读课外读物要有很大的量的要求，不要因为有难度就愿投入时间少，外刊文章一定要精度几十篇才够。

最后再说一点应试问题，就是考试时做题的速度。在考研的英语考试中很多人不是被题目难倒了，而是由于速度太慢，没有时间把整套题做完，因而速度的训练在平时也应当引起考生足够的重视。在复习过程当中，你应当对自己的做题速度有一个大概的估计，并科学合理地为每道题分配答题时间，在日常训练当中，严格按照时间完成。

说来说去，英语的复习无疑还是那些老生常谈，但是又是不得不谈的重要方法。希望广大考生能够结合自己的学习习惯，找到适合自己的一套高效复习方法，特别对于英语这门依靠平时积累的科目更是如此！

篇7：专项指导：中考英语如何攻克阅读理解

专项指导：中考英语如何攻克阅读理解

阅读理解在中考英语中所占分数比例比较大，是得分的关键题型。同学们也很想在这里拿到满分。关于中考英语阅读理解应该注意的几个方面，分析如下：

一、专心阅读

同学们在做题的时候一定要专心。少数同学会因为时间紧迫，心里紧张导致不能专心阅读;这个时候可以采取先看题再阅读，带着问题阅读以节约时间;或者重点看段落第一句，文章首尾句的方法;千万不要紧张，乱了手脚，问题就出来了。更加忌讳心不在焉，一心两用。那样效果会更差。

二、培养快速阅读习惯

中考英语阅读理解占的分数多，阅读量也大，做题费时多。要想脱颖而出，平时就要训练快速阅读，学会快速找出文章的主旨和关键句。可以用笔画出来，以便做 题时很容易就找到。在碰到生词或难懂的句子时不能浪费时间，可以先行越过，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测、推断。

三、总结阅读技巧

在做题的过程中，要善于总结经验、技巧。韩老师认为甚至可以通过反复精做一篇阅读，直到全对，不断总结、调整和强化获取表层信息及内在信息或猜测、推 理、判断、概括的能力;还要善于找关键句，在很多文章里第一段和每段的`第一句往往是关键句，可以帮助同学们理解整个文章的主题或某一段的概括。在阅读中， 要注意抓住中心思想(Mainidea)，以及文中出现的who、where、when、what及why等关键词。遇到生词或者句子结构不理解，一句话不理解不要急，也不要在那里浪费太多时间;接着读下去，结合上下文就能猜出来，理解了。

四、要坚持每天阅读

每天读两至三篇题材各样的小短文。要多练习富有代表性、典型性的体裁和题材的阅读文章，如记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文，幽默故事、新闻广告、文体娱乐、科普常识、文化习俗，多关注社会热点、新闻时事和身边的话题。将坚持阅读的习惯保持到考前的最后一天。

五、限时阅读

限制时间阅读，或者限制时间做题，对于培养自己的阅读能力是很好的方法。也有利于在考场上更好的把握时间。对于不同的阅读材料，人教学习网韩老师建议要采用不同的阅读方法，阅读速度。善于对阅读材料进行分类，有助于做题能力的提升。

做题的方法有很多，同学们要想拿高分，就要坚持不断的积累;多总结，多练习;成功之路就在脚下，人教学习网预祝大家中考夺魁，一举得胜!

篇8：考研英语阅读理解测试题

A history of longand effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, itmay become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight timeslarger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies ofscale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans andAsians whose economies the war had destroyed.

It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as othercountries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance provedpainful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over theirfading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such asconsumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreigncompetition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July。)Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market America'smachine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though themaking of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the newcomputer age, was going to be the next casualty。

All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped takingprosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing businesswas failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall aswell. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes ofAmerica's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filledwith warnings about the growing competition from overseas。

How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back onfive years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americansattribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or theturning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “ Americanindustry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be morequick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's KennedySchool of Government,“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businessesare improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank inWashington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believesthat people will look back on this period as “a golden age ofbusiness management in the United States。”

1. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____。

[A]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal

[B]its domestic market was eight times larger than before

[C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potentialcompetitors

[D]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus toits economy

2. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980sis manifested in the fact that the American_____。

[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreignenterprises

[C]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

[D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

[A]It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。

[B]Intense competition may contribute to economic progress。

[C]The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。

[D]A long history of success may pave the way for furtherdevelopment。

4. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy inthe 1990s can be attributed to the____。

[A]turning of the business cycle

[B]restructuring of industry

[C]improved business management

[D]success in education

答案解析

1. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____。

美国在二战后取得优势地位是因为_____。

[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal。

它为该目标付出了艰巨的努力。

[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before。

它的国内市场比以前大八倍。

[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potentialcompetitors。

战争摧毁了大多数潜在竞争对手的经济。

[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus toits economy。

它无与伦比的劳动力规模给了经济推动力。

【答案】 C

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 第一段指出，“二战后，美国就进入了这样的一个辉煌的历史时期。它拥有比任何竞争者大八倍的市场，这使其工业经济规模前所未有。它的科学家是世上最优秀的，它的工人是技术最好的。美国及其民众的富庶是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧洲人和亚洲人连做梦也不敢想的”。因此利用排除法，确定答案是[A]。

2. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980sis manifested in the fact that the American_____。

上个世纪80年代美国优势地位的丧失可以从美国_______事实中看出来。

[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

电视工业已经退到国内市场

[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreignenterprises

半导体产业已经被外国公司接管

[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

机床业已经自取灭亡

[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market

汽车工业已经丧失了部分国内市场

【答案】 D

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 [A]选项错误，因为第二段中说“到1987年，美国只剩下Zenith这一家电视生产商。(现在这一家也没有了：Zenith于7月被韩国LG电器公司收购。)”说明它连国内市场也保不住了。[B]选项错误，文中第二段最后一句提到，“在一段时间内，半导体制造业似乎要成为下一个受害者”，可是事实上没有。[C]选项中谈到的机床业已经自取灭亡的说法错误，因为文中提到机床制造业“岌岌可危”(on the ropes)，但是还没有灭亡呢。[D]是合适的，因为第二段第六句提到，“进口车和纺织品横扫国内市场”。

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

从本文中可以推断出哪个选项?

[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。

在自我怀疑和盲目骄傲之间摇摆是人的本性。

[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress。

激烈的竞争会导致经济的发展。

[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。

经济的复苏依靠国际的合作。

[D] A long history of success may pave the way for furtherdevelopment。

一个长期成功的经历会为进一步的发展铺平道路。

【答案】 B

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 第三段提到，“所有这一切导致了信心危机。美国人不再视繁荣为理所当然之事。他们开始怀疑自己的商业经营方式出了问题，也怀疑不久他们的收入就会下降。20世纪80年代中期对美国工业衰退的原因作了一次又一次的调查。那些有时耸人听闻的结果中充满着对来自国外的加剧的经济竞争的警告”。第四段提到了“90年代的经济复苏。其中的含义是：在竞争的压力下，美国人在80年代产业结构调整，美国的工业已经改变了结构，消除了滞胀，学会了急智，因此带来了90年代的经济复苏”。因此可以得出激烈的竞争会导致经济的发展。另外三个选项都不合适。

4. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy inthe 1990s can be attributed to the____。

作者似乎相信美国经济在上个世纪90年代的复苏可以归结于____。

[A]turning of the business cycle 经济周期的转折

[B]restructuring of industry 行业重组

[C]improved business management 改善了的工商管理

[D]success in education 教育的成功

【答案】 A

【考点】 作者观点题。

【分析】 在第四段，作者指出，“1995年，美国可以对过去5年的稳步发展作一回顾，而日本还在奋力挣扎。很少有美国人将这一巨变单纯归因于美元贬值或商业周期循环这些显而易见的原因。如今，对自身的怀疑已被盲目乐观所取代”。这里作者实际上对当前美国人的盲目乐观情绪进行了批评，认为90年代的增长是由美元贬值或经济周期的转机等因素造成的。[B]是“Richard Cavanaugh”的看法。[C]是“Stephen Moore”的看法。[D]选项文中没有提及。

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9.考研英语阅读理解题

10.考研英语一阅读理解答案

篇9：考研英语阅读理解考试题

考试题一：

Watching a child struggle to breathe during an asthma attack is frightening for any parent. So it is only natural that most moms and dads will try just about anything――including spending a lot of money――to keep an attack at bay. Trouble is， more than half of parents are trying strategies that simply don't work and wasting hundreds of dollars in the process， according to a study published last week in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

The report， based on interviews with the parents of 896 asthmatic children in 10 different cities， contained some good news. Eighty percent of parents had a handle on at least one of the triggers that worsened their children's asthma. After that， however， many parents seemed to go astray， taking precautions that weren't helpful “and made little sense，” according to Dr. Michael Cabana， a pediatrician at the University of Michigan's C.S. Mott Children's Hospital， who led the study.

One of the most common mistakes was to buy a mattress cover to protect against dust mites for a child whose asthma was exacerbated instead by plant pollen. Many of those parents then neglected to do what would have helped a lot more： shut the windows to keep pollen out. Another was using a humidifier for a child who was allergic to dust mites; a humidifier tends to be a place where dust mites like to breed. With those allergies， a dehumidifier works better.

Worst of all was the number of smokers with asthmatic children who didn't even try to quit or at least limit themselves to smoking outdoors rather than just moving to another room or the garage. Second-hand smoke has been proved， over and over again， to be a major trigger of asthma attacks. Many smoking parents purchased expensive air filters that have what Cabana called “questionable utility.”

Part of the problem， Dr. Cabana and his colleagues believe， is that parents are bombarded by television ads that encourage them to buy products such as air and carpet fresheners， ionizers and other remedies that are often expensive but medically unnecessary. And doctors may not always take the time， or have the time， to explain to parents what will and won't work in their child's particular case. For example， allergies are usually a problem for older children with asthma， while kids 5 and younger more frequently have trouble with viral respiratory infections. So make sure you understand what's really triggering your child's asthma. And remember， the best solutions are not always the most expensive ones.

注(1)：本文选自Time，8/30/，p67;

注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象真题Text 1

1. What does the study by Dr. Michael Cabana indicate?

[A]Parents are eager to cure of their children‘s disease.

[B]Many parents are wasting money for their children‘s frightening disease.

[C] Many parents fail to find the effective way for their children‘s disease.

[D]Parents feel worried about their children‘s disease.

2. Which of the following is not the trigger of asthma attacks?

[A]Humidifier.

[B]Second-hand smoke.

[C]Plant pollen.

[D]Dust mites.

3. The expression “to keep an attack at bay” (Line 3， Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.

[A]to ease the attack

[B]to lessen the attack

[C]to continue the attack

[D]to prevent the attack

4. Why are the parents in such a dilemma?

[A]The doctors are not responsible enough.

[B]Parents are influenced much by ads.

[C]Parents are ignorant of the disease.

[D]The quality of medical products is not good.

5. Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A]Parents shouldn‘t spend too much money on the children.

[B]The expensive products are not always good.

[C]To know the real trigger of the disease is very important.

[D]Parents often make mistakes.

答案：CADBC

考试题二：

Sleep is a funny thing. We're taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night， but a lot of us get by just fine on less， and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke――probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.

Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a neurosurgeon， it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride， confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care. Maybe we shouldn't have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness， a person's motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously， surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don't think twice about operating without enough sleep.

“I could tell you horror stories，” says Jaya Agrawal， president of the American Medical Student Association， which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. “I was operating after being up for over 36 hours，” one writes. “I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound.”

“Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work，” writes another. “I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a 'Jersey barrier' on the New Jersey Turnpike， going 65 m.p.h.” “Your own patients have become the enemy，” writes a third， because they are “the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep.”

Agrawal's organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of ， introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions， modeled on New York State's regulations， include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit.Most doctors， however， resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley， a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan， agrees that something needs to be done but believes “doctors should be bound by their conscience， not by the government.”

The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors， patients are on their own. If you're worried about the people treating you or a loved one， you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more-rested staffers are available. Doctors， for their part， have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.

注(1)：本文选自Time;3/11/， p73， 3/4p， 1c;

注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象：第1、2题分别模仿真题text4的第1题和text2的第2题;第3题模仿真题text3的第2题;第4、5题分别模仿20真题text2的第3题和text3的第5题;

1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ____________.

[A] people who sleep less than 8 hours a day are more prone to illness

[B] poor sleep quality may be a sign of physical disorder

[C] stroke is often associated with sleep

[D] too much sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep

2. Speaking of the sleep problems doctors face， the author implies that ________________.

[A] doctors often need little sleep to keep them energetic

[B] doctors‘ sleep is deprived by residents

[C] doctors tend to neglect their own sleep problems

[D] sleep-deprived doctors are intoxicated

3. Paragraph 3 and 4 are written to ____________.

[A] entertain the audience with some anecdotes

[B] discuss the cause of doctors‘ sleep problems

[C] show the hostility doctors harbor against their patients

[D] exemplify the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep

4. By “doctors should be bound by their conscience， not by the government” (line 6， paragraph 5)， Dr. Charles Binkley means that ____________.

[A] doctors should not abide by government‘s regulations

[B] the government is interfering too much

[C] the regulations about workweek and work shift are too specific

[D] law can not force a doctor to sleep while his conscience can

5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?

[A] Patients should control the hours of their doctors.

[B] Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doctors‘。

[C] Patients are facing more risks if their doctors are not adequately-rested.

[D] People concerned have the right to remove their doctors from their positions.

答案：B C D B C

考试题三：

WHAT do you do when everyone hates you? That is the problem faced by America's pharmaceutical industry. Despite its successes in treating disease and extending longevity， soaring health-care costs and bumper profits mean that big drug firms are widely viewed as exploitative， and regarded almost as unfavourably as tobacco and oil firms (see chart)。 Last week， at a conference organised by The Economist in Philadelphia， the drug industry was offered some advice from an unlikely source： a tobacco firm. Steven Parrish of Altria， the conglomerate that includes Philip Morris， gave his perspective on how an industry can improve its tarnished public image.

Comparing the tobacco and pharmaceutical industries might seem absurd， or even offensive. “Their products kill people. Our products save people's lives，” says Alan Holmer， the head of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America， an industry association. Yet the drug giants currently face an unprecedented onslaught of class-action lawsuits and public scrutiny; industry bosses are being grilled by lawmakers asking who knew what and when. It is all reminiscent of what happened to the tobacco industry in 1994.

Mr Parrish advised drug firms to abandon their bunker mentality and engage with their critics. Rather than arguing about the past， he said， it is better to move on， and give people something new to think about. (Philip Morris now acknowledges， for example， that cigarettes are addictive and deadly， and is trying to develop less harmful products.) Not everyone is open to persuasion， so focus on those who are， he said. But changing opinions takes time and demands deeds as well as words： “This is not about spin， this is about change.”

The pharmaceutical industry is pursuing a range of initiatives to mollify its critics， Mr Holmer noted in his own speech. But Mr Parrish suggested that speaking with one voice through a trade association might be counter-productive， since it can give the impression that the industry is a monolithic cartel. And too much advertising， he said， can actually antagonise people further.

The audience was generally receptive， claims Mr Parrish. This is not the first time he has offered his thoughts on dealing with implacable critics. At a conference at the University of Michigan last year， he offered America's State Department advice on improving America's image in the Middle East. So does his prescription work? There has been a positive shift in attitudes towards tobacco firms， if only a small one. But at least， for once， a tobacco firm is peddling a cure， rather than a disease.

GRAPH： Unpopularity contest

Economist; 11/27/2004， Vol. 373 Issue 8403， p64-64， 1/3p， 1 graph

注(1)：本文选自Economist; 11/27/2004， p64-64， 1/3p， 1 graph;

注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象第1题2004年真题text 4第1题，第2题模仿1994年真题text 3第1题，第3题模仿真题text 3第3题，第4题模仿真题text 3第2题，第5题2004年真题text 4第5题;

1. Why is America‘s pharmaceutical industry so unpopular?

[A] Because it， like tobacco and oil firms， does harm to people‘s health and environment.

[B] Because it fails to cure disease and make people live longer.

[C] Because the prices of its products are too high and its profit margin is too wide.

[D] Because it exploits its employees.

2. Alan Holmer is quoted to illustrate that __________.

[A] the comparison between tobacco and pharmaceutical industries might seem ridiculous， or even insulting

[B] the pharmaceutical industries agree that they are similar to tobacco industry

[C] tobacco products do more harm to people than pharmaceutical products

[D] pharmaceutical industries are currently facing lots of problems

3. According to the text， Mr. Parrish gives the following suggestions to drug firms except ______.

[A] To acknowledge the problems and try to do something to improve their images.

[B] Not to react to the public in one voice through the drug association.

[C] Not to care about the past.

[D] To try to spend time and energy to persuade the majority of the audience who are open to persuasion.

4. The word “mollify” (Line 1， Paragraph 4) might mean?

[A] placate.

[B] enrage.

[C] fight.

[D] relieve.

5. What does the author imply by saying “This is not the first time he has offered his

thoughts on dealing with implacable critics.“?

[A] Mr. Parrish has offered his advice to other on dealing with tough critics for several times.

[B] Mr. Parrish has dealt successfully with other critics himself.

[C] Mr. Parrish has given sound advice to drug firms.

[D] Mr. Parrish has been of help to others on critical moments.

答案：C A C A C

考试题四：

The countdown goes something like this： 3) IRS auditor， 2) ex-husband's new 20-year-old girlfriend， 1) dentist. The top three people we most hate to see.

“Let's face it，” says Dr. Lorin Berland， a dentist in Dallas. “Dentistry can suck.” A third of Americans， according to the National Center for Health Statistics， haven't even set foot in the dentist's office in the past year. Berland， along with an increasing number of dentists all over the country， is trying to change that. He wants dental appointments to be less about pain and drilling and more about relaxation， foot massage and soothing aromatherapy.

Spa dentistry， as it's called， means you can enjoy a hot paraffin-wax hand treatment while getting your teeth cleaned. Or you can slip on some virtual-reality glasses and watch your favorite movie. Or you might just lie back and let the scent of lavender and the sound of falling water quiet your anxiety， while a licensed massage therapist eases the crick in your neck. Most vacations aren't this good. In response to spa dentistry's growing popularity， the Chicago Dental Society will teach its first course on the practice at its annual midwinter meeting in February， expected to attract 35，000 industry professionals.

“Some people are born to cater to people， and others have to be taught，” says Dr. Grace Sun， a dentist in Los Angeles who， without benefit of a lecture， offers massage， fruit smoothies and movies. In addition， she provides luxury hotel-style concierge services： while you're in the (vibrating， of course) chair， her staff makes dinner reservations， takes your cell-phone calls， baby-sits， dog-sits， orders in food or does just about anything else you ask.

Dr. Debra Gray King of the Atlanta Center for Cosmetic Dentistry calls her practice “the Ritz-Carlton of dentistry” and in fact sends her “dental concierges” to the Ritz-Carlton Leadership Center for training in client relations. They're taught to squire each patient as he or she navigates the various rooms of the center's luxe 8，400-sq.-ft. Twelve Oaks――esque mansion. Once in the dentist's chair， King's patients can use the attached flat-panel monitor to watch TV， play a DVD or surf the Web. Can't see the screen? No worries， there's one wired to the ceiling too. Noise-reduction headphones block the screech of the drill and play a CD of your choice， and the specially constructed dental chair channels the sound waves from the music into a full-body massage. “The more relaxed the patient is，” says King， “the easier our job.”

Patients are responding. Martha Dickey， a magazine publisher in Atlanta， says a hot paraffin-wax treatment can “change your whole feeling about going to the dentist. You feel like you're there to get nurtured and pampered. It's fabulous. Every one of your senses is taken care of.” If only the offices of the IRS were as pleasant.

注(1)：本文选自Time; 12/30/2002-1/6/， p155， 3/4p， 1c;

注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年text 1;

1. How do Dr. Berland and some other American dentists try to change the image of

dentistry?

[A] They try to change it by facing it bravely.

[B] They try to change it by teaching patients how to take good care of their teeth.

[C] They try to change it by providing new services to help patients feel relaxed and at home.

[D] They try to change it by relieving patients‘ pain with new pills.

2. Which of the following is not a service provided by spa dentistry?

[A] a vacation

[B] spa

[C] massage

[D] dental treatment

3. The expression “cater to” (Line 1， Paragraph 4) most probably means _______.

[A] meet the requirements of sb.

[B] be to sb‘s liking

[C] take sb. seriously

[D] serve sb. well

4. Why does Dr. Debra Gray King call her practice “the Ritz-Carlton of dentistry”?

[A] Because her “dental concierges” are trained at the Ritz-Carlton Leadership Center.

[B] Because her cosmetic dentistry center provides the kind of concierge services luxury hotels like Ritz-Carlton provide.

[C] Because her Center is located in a mansion as large as Ritz-Carlton.

[D] Because her patients are also guests at Ritz-Carlton.

5. Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A] Dr. Grace Sun learned her new practice from the course offered by the Chicago Dental Society.

[B] The author hopes that dentist‘s offices can be as comfortable the offices of the IRS.

[C] The patients like the new services provided by the dentists mentioned in the text very much.

[D] Dental appointments are often associated with relaxation.

答案：C A D B C

1.2018考研英语阅读理解复习技巧

2.2018考研英语完型填空备考试题

3.2018考研英语复习

4.2018考研英语题型

5.2018考研英语

6.2018考研英语真题复习法

7.2018考研英语全年规划

8.2018考研英语作文如何复习

9.2018考研英语大纲

10.2018考研英语语法复习经验

篇10：考研英语阅读理解练习题

Being a man hasalways been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal ofmale mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girlsdo. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys inthose crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, anotherchance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of ababy(particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram toolight or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost nodifference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent ofevolution has gone。

There is another way to commit evolutionary : stay alive,but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except insome religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays thenumber of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us haveroughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and theopportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the greatcities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity oftodayDeveryone being the same in survival and number of offspring meansthat natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class Indiacompared to the tribes。

For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopiahas arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No otherspecies fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 years―even thepast 100 years―our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did notevolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase todescribe those ignorant of evolution: “they look at anorganic being as average looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond hiscomprehension。” No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyondcomprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be athow far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us。

1. What used to be the danger in being a man according to thefirst paragraph?

[A]A lack of mates。

[B]A fierce competition。

[C]A lower survival rate。

[D]A defective gene。

2. What does the example of India illustrate?

[A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people。

[B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor。

[C]The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of thetribes。

[D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate。

3. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because____。

[A]life has been improved by technological advance

[B]the number of female babies has been declining

[C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution

[D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing

4 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution

[B]Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution

[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature

名师解析

1. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the firstparagraph?

根据第一段，做男人以前有什么危险?

[A]A lack of mates. 缺少配偶。

[B]A fierce competition. 激烈竞争。

[C]A lower survival rate. 低存活率。

[D]A defective gene. 有缺陷的基因。

【答案】 C

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 文中第一段提到“做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105:100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老人中女性是男性的两倍，但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高”这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。

2. What does the example of India illustrate?

印度的例子证明了什么?

[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people。

富人往往孩子比穷人少。

[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor。

自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用。

[C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of thetribes。

中产阶级的人口比部落人口少80%。

[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate。

印度是出生率很高的国家之一。

【答案】 B

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“进化意义上的自杀还有一种方法：存活，但少生孩子”。首先“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，几乎没有几名妇女会生15个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”，再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会降低了。其次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中、上层人群中，已经失去了80%的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会降低了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是[B]选项。

3. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolvingbecause____。

作者认为我们的身体已经停止进化，因为____。

[A] life has been improved by technological advance

技术进步改善了人的生活

[B] the number of female babies has been declining

女婴的数量一直在减少

[C] our species has reached the highest stage of evolution

我们人种已经到达进化最高阶段

[D] the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing

贫富差距间的区别正在消失

【答案】 A

【考点】 逻辑关系题。

【分析】 文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年――甚至过去的1中，我们的生活发生了变化，但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”，“机器”代表的就是“技术”，因此我们可以判定[A]是正确答案。

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

以下哪一个最合适做本文标题?

[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution 人类进化中的性别比例变化

[B]Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution 继续人类进化的方式

[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature 自然进化的未来

[D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere 人类进化无路可走

【答案】 D

【考点】 文章主旨题。

【分析】 文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了。”第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会降低了。”第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切。”这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。

[D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere

1.考研英语阅读理解精读练习题

2.考研英语练习题

3.考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案解析

4.考研英语阅读理解如何快速找答案

5.考研英语阅读理解技巧

6.考研英语阅读理解练习试题

7.2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案

8.考研英语阅读理解技巧全解

9.2017考研英语阅读理解技巧讲解

10.考研英语阅读理解测试题

篇11：考研英语阅读理解解题技巧

阅读的顺序

主要是分三步走

1、先题后文，只看题干，不看选项，避免选项干扰，寻找文章主旨

2、带着文章主旨，阅读全文

3、匹配问题及题型对应的解决方法

下面主要讲阅读理解解题技巧

掌握原则：

阅读的本质是逻辑

反复强调的是重点，重点是考点

考研阅读理解的答案不是选出来的，而是用排除法比较出来的

题型分析

首先，我们应该从考研英语阅读的体裁进行分析，大部分阅读的文章属于议论文。那议论文的核心结构就是论点和论据两部分。阅读题目的题型主要有以下六种： ① 主旨大意题(对中心论点的考查);② 段落推断题(段落论点的考查);③ 例证题(论点和论据关系的考查);④ 态度题(作者或者文章某人对某事物的观点态度的考查);⑤ 词义句意题(对某个词或者句子意义的考查);⑥ 细节题(对文章某个细节事实信息的考查)。明确了阅读题的六大题型，我们就可以针对每个题型来梳理和归纳每类题的解题思路和技巧了。

阅读理解解题技巧

① 浏览题干和选项，标记题干关键词，分析关键词、选项之间关系;

注：在选项上标记大致的中文意思，方便答案和原文对应，更好提高做题正确率;

② 通读文章，把段落分段，提高定位搜索的速度，找出每段的中心句(一般在第一段的段首或段尾);

注：注意每段的过渡句是转折还是顺承，确定定位前后事件、情感的变化，更好把握文章大意;

③ 二次审题，把题干具体定位到文章里，在定位的上方标记答案选项题号，避免在找定位上浪费时间;

注：定位上下不超过3句，超过3句以上就是偏离定位;注意圈画“while、and、but、because”等并列或者转折的词，这些词前后一般都有正确答案的提示或者就是紧跟正确答案的;

④ 把四个选项带入定位，进行判断，注意推理题的标志词“infer、imply、inform”等，在文章中寻找合理依据。

文章中连词和副词是解题的线索

1. 连词出现在文中时，要格外注意，其涉及到逻辑关系的判定。关注常见的逻辑关系会考查以下几种：转折，并列/递近，因果关系，解释关系。

2. 副词出现在文中或选项中，要格外敏感。比如说deliciously ironic 一定不能按字面意思去译，理解为“美味的具有讽刺意味的”。副词修饰形容词表程度，实际上等同于very. 所以应该译为“极其具有讽刺意味的”。此外，当副词出现在选项时，一定要注意范围的扩大和缩小。

细节题

1、题干上有五个W一个H提问。

2、题干中明确会提到的时间、地点、人物或者事物等细节信息。

3、有可能针对文章中的一句话或者几句话发问。

4、题干和选项有可能考察一种因果关系。

5、解题关键：返回原文，准确定位。做题依据一定要紧扣文章本身。

返回原文：

1、可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文。

2、根据出题的顺序返回原文。

3、根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词或同义词返回原文。

4、通过长难句返回原文。

篇12：考研英语 轻松阅读理解

考研英语 轻松阅读理解

阅读理解很关键

翻译的关键在于理解，在于透彻地理解和把握住原文的内容和实质。从某种程度来说，理解英文原文要比用汉语表达困难得多。英译汉试题为5个划线部分，实际上均为5个难句，同时也是长句，这对考生有一定难度。那么，我们应该怎么做呢？

1.快速阅读全文，把握内容主题

了解全文在谈论什么内容，什么题材和体裁，了解各段落的大意、相互关系及总体结构。速度应控制在每分钟100词左右。对生词能猜出则猜出，不能猜出则跳过。考生应知道，阅读速度越慢，对全文的理解程度反而会下降。

2.细读划线部分，分析语法结构

分析句子结构对于正确理解帮助极大，无论该句是简单句，并列句还是复合句，主动句还是被动句，首先应找出主句的主语，谓语动词或宾语成分，注意句子的各成分是否有省略之处，从句与主句的关系是否明确，关联词是否有省略，代词的指代关系是否清楚等。通过仔细分析，弄清句子结构，以及该句与上下句子之间的逻辑关系，通过语法结构分析，基本把握该句的含义。

3.结合上下文，仔细推敲词义

句子的语法结构可以通过我们学到的语法知识分析得出，但对词义的理解却必须通过文章的上下文来进行，英语的确切含义是在某一特定的语言环境中确定的。

英语多长句，汉语多短句

正是因为英语是通过一整套完整的系统性语法结构组合在一起的，那么一个英语句子只要结构完整，作者通过增加限制成分、修饰语以及补充成分可以使得一个句子变得非常的长。比如在往年的考研(微博)英语翻译题中，最长的一句话竟然达到了58个单词。而正是因为汉语是强调意义上的完整，那么一个汉语句子就可以简短而意义深刻，言简而意赅。提醒广大的考生们，在翻译的时候就一定要注意，可以破句重组，化繁杂的英语长句为多个意义紧密相连的汉语短句，而不必拘泥于原文的层次结构。例如：的一道考题。

Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves (参考译文：人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门学问的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。)

英文原句是个典型的长句，由27个词组成，中间没有使用任何标点符号，完全靠语法结构使整个句子的意思化零为整： less through…and more from构成一个复杂的`状语，修饰动词arisen。在中文翻译中，“产生兴趣”这一重要内容通过一个独立的句子表达，两个不同的原因则分别由不同的句子表达，整个句子被化整为零“…产生兴趣…，这与其说是因为…，还不如说是因为…”

考研复习过程中最开心的事情就是看到自己一点一滴的进步，用自己在成长过程中的哪怕是一点小小的成功来鼓励自己，增加自己的信心和勇气。英语复习虽然很辛苦，但是可以看到自己比刚开始的时候进步了很多。这样，我们会欣喜地发现每一天自己都是崭新的、进步的，这样感觉同样能增加前进中的勇气和信心。最后祝大家在通往成功道路上的每一步都走稳、走好。

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篇13：考研英语阅读理解技巧

阅读理解向来是考研英语学习中的一大难关，阅读材料的广、难、深更是让许多英语考试备考者抓耳挠腮、望而却步。而这个最强大的敌人正是决定我们考试成败的关键因素。因此攻克阅读理解非做不可。

英语阅读理解能力其实就是真正读懂英文的能力，其中包括利用阅读技能读懂文章的能力，并不是运用某些所谓技巧应试的能力。如果只关注所谓的应试技巧，应试能力可能会有提高，但是，阅读理解能力并不见得有质的提高。而如果具备了较高的、真正的阅读理解能力，能够真正读懂文章，同时能够运用某些应试技巧，肯定可以考出好成绩。那么，如何才能提高阅读能力呢?

1、多阅读英文素材，养成习惯

英语考试的阅读素材选取非常灵活和广泛，从商业经济到社会文化再到科普教育等等，而这些阅读的文章往往难度都比较大，要想在考试中自如应对阅读理解必须在平时就多读这类文章，养成一种阅读的习惯，才能在考试中提高阅读速度和理解能力。

2.重视二次阅读，学会总结反思

很多书上要求学生学会分析文章的结构，其实就是要求学生提高逻辑推理能力。在平时练习中，学生做完阅读，唯一可做就是对答案，事实上，纠正答案后对文章的再次阅读往往至关重要。第一遍读文章时，我们应当模拟考试的紧张气氛，尽量高质快速。但，对完答案后，我们有充足的时间再次阅读文章。第二次阅读文章我们的目的不在是获取信息，而是把握文章的布局安排，分析作者的意图。我们必须带着思考再次阅读文章

3.在阅读中练习长难句

几乎每一篇阅读，总有一两句长难句。有许多同学这样分析那样分析，可就分析不出什么名堂。听力好的同学不一定发音好，可发音好的同学一定听力好。同样，能写出长难句的人当然不会怕什么长难句。同学们应当做的是找一本好的语法书，认认真真学习句子结构那部分。英语的句子主干往往并不复杂，只是其粘着修饰成分过多。我们一开始应当学会如何写出简单的基本句型，然后再通过附加各种从句、插入语、非谓语形式，来逐步扩充句子结构。分析长难句与扩充句子正好是反其道而行之，我们必须一步步“砍”去插入语、各种从句、非谓语形式，来获得句子主干。所以只要“欲简之必先扩之”，我们与其寻求各种长难句分析法，不如先学会自己写长句。

4.按题材将文章分类，掌握出题规律

阅读文章成千上万，如何从有限中把握规律才是关键。阅读文章总是按照每套试题四篇文章分布，于是众多学子也就按部就班。可是如果我们把自己读过的所有文章按照主题分类，比如分为校园类、医学类、家庭类、环境类等等，到了考前，再按类别复习这些文章，我们不仅能系统掌握某一类别文章常用的词汇，也能把握该类文章的结构特点和出题规律。最好的方法是，我们一开始就制定分类标准，每做完一篇文章就在其标题后或首句前注明文章的类别，这样到了考前，归纳起来就容易多了。

想要真正快速地提高英语阅读理解能力，关键还在于多读，尤其是多读一些难度较大的文章。利用语法知识解决阅读中的困难，通过阅读加深对语法知识的理解。只有在阅读实践中，有意识地学习、积累，应用阅读过程中所需要的英文词汇、语法知识，才能奠定提高英文阅读理解能力的基础。阅读理解能力不是一朝一夕就可以提高的，关键在于坚持。只要坚持学下去，考研不想成功都难!

篇14：考研英语阅读理解解题技巧

随着考研时间的迫近，同学们的复习也日渐白热化。对于考研英语来说，随着复习的深入，同学们的问题也越来越多，本文搜集了同学们考研英语阅读中的五大常见问题，并一一作出回答，希望能帮助大家扫清阅读理解中的拦路虎。

第一拳：单词记忆放在真题中

单词不认识是一大问题。据统计，考研真题出现的词汇和往年真题中词汇的相似度高达80%以上，所以要把历年真题中出现的词汇反复记忆学习。另外，有些同学虽然单词认识，但就是不能理解整个句子。这是因为单词不是孤立存在的，而是有其作用场，其含义是随着语境的变化而变化的，我们在阅读文章的时候一定要结合文章主题，结合所在语境。

第二拳：句子理解多分析长难句

对于一篇有四五百字的考研英文而言，往往只有11-20句话，可见句子长度之长，阅读难度之大。有时，我们会发现这样一个怪现象――虽然单词都认识，但是句子还是读不懂，不知道在说什么。这是因为在句中有些特殊的结构我们没有掌握，例如比较级、多重复句。所以，在平时我们需要多进行长难句的分析和理解，这样有助于考研阅读长句子的把握。

第三拳：段落理解关键在于高频词

大家是不是会有这样的体会?有时一段话读完了却不明白作者在说什么。这是因为大家忽略了句子与句子之间的逻辑关系。一段英文中的各句都有其存在价值，都在围绕段落思想服务。所以，我们在读不懂的时候，可以找一下段落中的高频词，这些高频词往往是文章所论述的主题。然后根据文章的主题思想来思考句子的含义及段落所要论述的内容。这样，大家就能理清句间关系了。

第四拳：篇章主题通过分析文章结构把握

主题思想是一篇文章的灵魂，“主题为王”这句话说得很对。阅读理解的最高境界就是能够理解文章的中心思想，这可以通过分析文章结构和寻找高频词来确定。另外，在理解文章时，需要利用我们已有的背景知识对文章进行解读和剖析。

第五拳：提高做题正确率要规避出题陷阱

在考研英语阅读理解的题目中，常见的错误选项有以下特点：偷梁换柱，以偏概全，张冠李戴，答非所问，正反混淆，无中生有，过于绝对等。大家在选择答案时要小心这些出题陷阱。只要明了每道题目的出题意图和考查要点，想做对一点不难。

为了提高我们的英语阅读技能，在平时的备考过程中我们一定要注意以上提到的问题，正确地应对词句段篇理解中可能出现的拦路虎，养成良好的阅读习惯，总结阅读中的成功经验，自觉监控自己的阅读过程，这样一来在做题时就能够游刃有余了，在考研英语中想考个好成绩就大有可为。

篇15：考研英语阅读理解练习题

Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in theirnewspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer thispainful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known asthe journalism credibility project.

Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-levelfindings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined withlots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers reallywant.

But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learnto see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which theyplug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line inthe newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrativestructure for otherwise confusing news.

There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalistsand their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaireswere sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus onelarge metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned atrandom and asked the same questions.

Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists aremore likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, andtrade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, orput down roots in a community.

Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and culturalelite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poorreportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters andtheir readers.

This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly adeclining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whoseattitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and acredibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed andfleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing thecultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. Ifit did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on raceand gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values,education, and class.