非谓语动词
【2012年高考预测】
非谓语动词是历年高考试题的重点，每年都会有不止一道的非谓语动词考题。纵观近年全国的高考试题，我们不难预测2012年高考对非谓语动词的考查将主要集中在如下两方面：1、非谓语动词的句法功能，即其在句中所充当的成分；2、非谓语动词的一些特殊用法。
【重难点突破】
【概述】动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上，充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分，这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。
基本用法
1）、不定式
时态/语态 主动被动
一般式 to doto be done
完成式 to have doneto have been done
2）、动名词
时态/语态 主动 被动
一般式 doingbeing done
完成式 having donehaving been done
3）、分词
时态/语态 [来源:Zxxk.Com]主动 被动
一般式 doingbeing done
完成式 having donehaving been done
否定形式： not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分词
非谓语动词主要的句法功能一览表：
非谓语动词[来源:学科网ZXXK][来源:学#科#网]功能[来源:学科网ZXXK]
主语宾语表语定语状语补语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √ 极少
分词 √ √ √ √
一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别
1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。
（2011?全国新课标卷）27．The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house．【B】
A．rose B．rising C．to rise D．risen
（2011?浙江卷）14．Even the best writers find themselves ___for words．【B】
A．lose B．lost C．to lose D．having lost
注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。
（2010上海）
33. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused
2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态）。
leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。）
leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示将来的动作。）
如：It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.
你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动，正在进行）
The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.
客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被动，完成）
He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.
他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动，将来）
We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.
我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来）
3．have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。
① have sth. done = get sth. done “使/ 让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。
（2011?陕西卷）14．Claire had luggage an hour befor her plane left．【D】
A．check B．checking C．to check D．checked
（2010辽宁）35.Alexander tried to get his work ___ in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized
② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行）
get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。
注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。
I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that.
我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。
Don’t have the water running all the time. 不要让水流个不停。
③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事
I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me.
二、下列动词后跟带to 的不定式作补语：
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。
The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门
下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：
它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”??5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。
He was caught stealing. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
不定式、分词作定语用法要点
一、不定式作定语
1．作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
（2010山东）23. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.
A. completing B. to complete
C. completed D. being completed
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have you anything to send ?
你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”）
Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？
（不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）
3．用不定式作定语的几种情况：
不定式表将来：
（2010重庆）34. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.
A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。
（2011?湖南卷）21 ．The ability _____an idea as important as the idea itself.【C】
A．expressing B．expressed C．to express D．to cover
二、分词作定语
1．作定语的及物动词分词形式为：V ?ing; being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用V ?ing；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。例如：
（2011?江苏卷）31．Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens．【B】
A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared
（2011?湖南卷）23the players ______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game ．【C】
A．selecting B．to selected C． selected D．having selected
2．作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：V ?ing 和过去分词。V ?ing 表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。如：
falling leaves 正落的叶子 fallen leaves 落下的叶子
boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 沸腾过的水（白开水）
三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别
这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。
Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?
He is a man loved and respected by all.
现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
（2011?山东卷）27．Look over there-there’s a very long, winding path ___ up to the house．【A】
A．leading B．leads C．led D．to lead
不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。
如：The question to be discussed at the tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.
不定式、分词作状语用法要点
一、不定式作状语
（2011?四川卷）11．Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly．【D】
A．keep B．kept C．keeping D．to keep
在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：
（2010辽宁）25.We were astonished ___ the temple still in its original condition.
A．finding B．to find C．find D．to be found
在带有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。He was too excited not to say a few words.
他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。
He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。
注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to (为了) 或so as to (以便) + 动词原形。so as to 不用于句首。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。
To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me.
To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修饰全句，独立成分)
二、分词作状语
1．分词作状语的基本原则
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。
2．分词作状语的句法功能
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。
（2011?江西卷）32．On hearing a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr．Gordon immediately rushed home from his office． 【C】
A． says B．said C．saying D．to say
（2011?四川卷）16. an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous．【C】
A．Offer B．Offering C．Offered D．To offer
（2011?全国II）18．Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument．【D】
A．says B. said C．to say D．saying
（2011?陕西卷）20．More highways have been built in China, ___ it much easier for people to travel form one place another．【A】
A．making B．made C．to makeD．having made
3．独立成分作状语
有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
Generally speaking … 一般说来 Frankly speaking … 坦白地说
Judging from … 根据……来判断 Considering … 考虑到……
To tell you the truth … 说实话
非谓语动词其它用法
一、疑问词 + 不定式结构
疑问词（who, which, when, where, how, what等）+ 不定式，这个结构在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。如：
（2011?辽宁卷）23．Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read first．【C】
A．what B．who C．how D．why
注意句型：Why not do sth. ? Why do sth. ?
二、不定式的主动和被动
1．不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。
Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon ?
2．不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。
She has a sister to look after. (She looks after her sister.)
3．不定式作表语形容词的关语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb. 。
This book is difficult to understand.
4．在there be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。如：
There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work. )
There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. )
请注意下面两个句子的含义的不同点：
There is nothing to do. (无事可做，感到十分乏味。)
There is nothing to be done. (某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。)
三、不定式符号to的保留问题
有时为了避免重复，可以用to 来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。
如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be, have, have been，这些词要保留。如：
I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to.
? Are you on holiday ?
? No, but I’d like to be.
? I didn’t tell him the news. 我没有告诉他那个消息。
? Oh, you ought to have. 噢，你本应该告诉他的
四、动名词作主语
动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。
It is / was no use / good + doing sth.
It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.
It is / was of little use / good + doing sth.
It is / was useless doing sth.
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It is of little good staying up too late every day.
每天都熬夜没有什么好处
若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。
Seeing is believing. =To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
特殊用法集锦
一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计 划，同意请求帮一帮。
Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help
此外，afford, strive（斗争） 等也要用不定式作宾语。
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving to make their products more competitive.
二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk
此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。
（2011?四川卷）2．Ladex doesn’t feel like abroad．Her parents are old．【B】
A．study B．studying C．studied D．to study
三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。
1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事
remember to do sth. 记住去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事
regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情
try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事
try doing sth. 尝试着做某事
mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事
go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事
2．动词like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面则应接动词不定式。
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
I’d like to go swimming this weekend.
3．在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.
allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.
（2011?天津卷）7．Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane．【A】
A．to carry B．carrying C．to be carried D．being carried
4．动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”这些意义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。
need / require / want doing / to be done
need / require / want sb. to do sth.
be worth + n. (表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)
be worth doing be worthy of being done
be worthy of + n. 值得…… be worthy to be done
The window needs / requires / wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
窗户需要擦一下。
The place is worth visiting.
The place is worthy of a visit.
The place is worthy of being visited.
The place is worthy to be visited.
那个地方值得一去。
四、动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等词的宾语时，前面常带wh ? 引导词。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不带to 的不定式。
注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。例如：
He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)
I don’t know what to do. ( = I don’t know what I’ll do.)
Can you tell me why do it ?
五、动词不定式在介词but, other than 后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。另外在can’t choose but, can’t help but, can’t but 后面的不定式也要省略to。
We could do nothing but / other than wait.
We had nothing to do but / other than wait.
We have no choice but to wait.
I can’t choose but laugh.
六、注意以下表达的意义区别
falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落下的树叶
boiling water 沸腾的水 boiled water 烧开过的水
developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance.
The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake.
(The girl was frightened. )
看到蛇，女孩尖叫起来。
His frightening shout scared the boys again.
The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened.
他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。
类似的还有：
an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 兴奋的声音
a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情
with复合结构
1.with复合结构的构成
with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1）With+宾语+介词短语
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）
With w inter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes.
4）with+宾语+to do（不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义）
I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.
5）with+宾语+形容词/副词
Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
2.with复合结构的作用
with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。
(09海南35) Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ______ ?
A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take
独立主格结构
独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
（一）：独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词)+形容词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名 词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
（二）：独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
（2011?浙江卷）3．Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years．【A】
A．having B．had C．have D．to have
【高考真题剖析】
（2011?福建卷）23．Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures．
A．found B．foundingC．founded D．to be founded
答案【C】考查非谓语动词。Tsinghua University与found之间是被动关系，同时又是完成意义的非谓语动词，所以选择C。
（2011?浙江卷）19．If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______by their enthusiastic supporters．
A．being cheered B．be cheered
C．To be cheered D．Were cheered
答案【C】考查非谓语动词。the team与cheer之间是被动关系，同时又表目的，所以选择C。
（2011?湖南卷）29 ．Do you wake up every morning ____ energetic and ready to start a new day?
A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt
答案【C】考查非谓语动词。you 与feel之间是主动关系，表伴随，所以选择C。
【真题练习】
（09安徽）1. The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
A. produced B. being produced
C. to be produced D. having been produced
【答案】C
（09北京）2 For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm.
A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow K
【答案】A
（09北京）3. The way the guests _____ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service
A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated
【答案】D
（09北京）4. All of them try to use the power of the workstation ___ information in a more effective way.
A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present
【答案】D
（09北京）5. ___ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
A. Being bitten B. Bitten
C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
【答案】A
（09福建）6. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out f or the airport in a hurry.
A. Reminding B. Reminded
C. To remind D. Having reminded
【答案】B 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，选B。
（09福建）7. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A. marking B. marked
C. having marked D. being marked
【答案】A 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，其后有宾语，故与逻辑主语是主动关系，且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，用现在分词，选A。
（09湖南）8．When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere.
A. would open B. opened
C. had opened D. was to open
【答案】D 考查非谓语动词。动词不定时的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。
（09湖南）9．At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.
A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering
C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered
【答案】A 考查分词的用法。句意为：29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近,不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰a worker，and 为并列连词，连接相同的成份。
（09湖南）10. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .
A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused
【答案】D 考查动词不定时的用法。句意为：现在人们有时把他们的废物分开，以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作，而且是被动的。故选D。
（09湖南）11. Please do me a favor ? ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.
A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited
【答案】C
（09江西）12. _________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
【答案】D 考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：If they are given the right kind of training , 可知主语they 即these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则，连词if 也可省，所以得出given the right kind of training , these teenager soccer players……
（09江西）13. The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
【答案】B 考查非谓语动词的用法。 现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰new laws ,相当于which forces ……...
（09海南）14 The children all tur ned the famous actress as she entered the classroom.
A. looked at B. to look at
C. to looking at D. look at
【答案】B。 句意为：当那位著名的女演员走进了教室，所有的孩子都转过头去看她。
turn to 表示“转向，求助”的意思。
(09海南)15. Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?
A. taking B. take C. takenD. to take
【答案】C。 考查with +宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为：现在,我们已经讨论了问题,是人们最满意的决定？ take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动
（09山东）16. We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.
A. to be held B. held
C. being held D. holding
【答案】A 考查非谓语动词的用法，由next month可知时间是在将来，party是被举行，故选A。
（09陕西）17。 I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken
【答案】D 考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语，而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时，可以用v-ing形式，v-ing表示的动作已经完成，也可用动词不定式，表示的动作还未发生，根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成，且与逻辑主语是被动关系，用v-ing的被动式，选D。
（09上海）18. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____all four people on board.
A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill
【答案】B
（09上海）19. With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the n ew settlements.
A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected
【答案】C
（09上海）20. Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold
【答案】C
（09四川）21. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat
【答案】A 考查非谓语的用法。remain后可接adj, v-ing, v-ed和to be done 等多种形式做表语，在该题中可以把seated视为一个形容词，所以正确答案为A。
（09上海）22. David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.
A. to be reported B. reporting
C. to report D. having reported
【答案】C
（09四川）23. He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion
A. to have B. having C. have D. had
【答案】B.
【解析】考查非谓语的用法，分析句子可知whether +to do sth. 做了宾语从句的主语, He told us 后省略了宾语从句的引导词that。
（09四川）24. ________ many times, he finally understood it.
A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told
【答案】D 考查非谓语的用法。tell与主语之间的关系是被动和完成的关系，所以用having been done来表示被动和完成。
（09天津）25. ______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.
A. Competing B. Having completed
C. To have completed D. To complete
【答案】D
（09天津）26. _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging
C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
【答案】C
（09浙江）27．_______and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A. the; a B. Tired
C. TiringD. Being tired
【答案】B
（09浙江）28．There is a great deal of evidence _______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A. indicateB. indicating
C. to indicateD. to be indicating
【答案】B
（09重庆）29. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.
A. comparing B. compares
C. to compare D. compared
【答案】D
（09重庆）30. With the world changing fast, we have something new with all by ourselves every day.
A. deal B. dealt
C. to deal D. dealing
【答案】C
（09全国2 ）31. They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly.
A. being run B. run C. to run D. running
【答案】D 考查非谓语动词V-ing，这儿构成(keep sth. doing。
（09江苏）32. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures.
A. help B. to have helped
C. to help D. having helped
【答案】C
（09江苏）33.Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.
A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended
【答案】C
（10福建）25. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
A. sendingB. to send
C. having sentD. to have sent
25. 答案：A
考点：非谓语动词
解析：表示伴随。从 “were working”可以判断是进行时态，排除C。
34. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. stickingB. stuck
C. to be stuckD. to have stuck34.
答案：B
考点：remain后接动词的用法
解析：remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时，后面接过去分词作表语。
（10上海）33. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused
答案：A
考点：本题考查非谓语动词。
解析：keep+sb. /sth. +done,根据句意，sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系，故选A.
35. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
A. Approaching B. Approached
C. To approach D. To be approached
答案：A
考点：本题考查非谓语动词。
解析：考察现在分词作状语，表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
40. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce
答案：B
考点：此处考查非谓语动词。
解析：此处应该用不定式the way to do sth表示做……的途径、方式。the only way to do……,we can imagine 做定语，前面省略了that.
（10安徽）30. He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world
A. travel B. to travelC. traveled D. traveling
答案：D.
考点：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
解析：主语（he）与动词travel之间存在主动关系，故用traveling作原因状语。
（10湖南）21. Listen! Do you hear someone for help?
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
21. 答案：A
考点：考查非谓语动词。
解析：该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据 someone与call的主动关系排除D项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救，故选A项。
26. Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle
26. 答案：C
考点：考查非谓语动词。
解析：该空，分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。
30. So far nobody has claimed the money in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered
C. discovering D. having discovered
30. 答案：A
考点：考查非谓语动词
解析：该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money，根据the money与discover的被动关系，排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现”的意思，根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱”可判断选A项。
（10江西）24 The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains.
A keep B kept
C keeping D to keep
答案：C
考点：考察非谓语。
解析：句子主语lady和keep 之间是主动关系, 而且walk和keep 同时发生。
32 There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.
A to discover B to be discovered
C discovered D being discovered
答案：B.
考点：考察非谓语。
解析：演员等待被发现, 用被动, 发现发生在等待之后, 所以用不定式.
（10山东）23. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.
A. completing B. to complete
C. completed D. being completed
答案：B
考点：本题考查非谓语动词的使用。
解析：句意应为“这个学期结束前，我要做很多阅读练习。”由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当readings的定语。
（10天津）12. It rained heavily in the south， serious flooding in several provinces.
A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause
答案：C.
考点：考查非谓语动词。
句意：南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。
解析：空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语
（10四川）4. A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano.
A. to question B. to be questioned
C. questioned D. questioning
答案：C _ m
考点：考查非谓语动词作定语。
解析： question与students 存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。
17．The lawyer listened with full attention， to miss any point．
A．not trying B．trying not
C．to try not D．not to try
答案：B. k#s5_u.c o*m
考点：考查现在分词短语做伴随状 语及动词不定式的否定式。
解析：句中listen和try not to miss为同时进行的动作，故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。
（10全国Ⅰ）27.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing
27题 答案：C
句意：怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。
解答：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词，题干中空格划在名词maps后，空格后部分是对maps解释说明，因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做状语，首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系，borrow和maps是被动关系，被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种： to be done, being done, done，to be done表示动作将要发生，being done表示动作正在发生，done表示用作已经完成，根据句意borrow的动作已经完成，因此选择C。
34. With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
34题 答案：B
句意：父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。
解答：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词。题干中空格划在名词后，但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明，而是说明取钱的目的，因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语，非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的，因此选择B。
（10江苏）28. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,________the students to return to their classrooms. w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*m
A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled
选A. enabling 表示他在捐献后的结果
（陕西）16._____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .
A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see
A.【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成，用过去分词，选A。
19. His first book next month is based on a true story.
A. published B. to be published
C. to publish D. being published
B.【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做后置定语，由时间状语next month可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，用动词不定式，其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book,不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，选B。
（10全国Ⅱ）11.Though_________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B. as surprised
C. surprised D being surprised
【答案】C
【解析】省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为：Though he was surprised，主语一致，省略主语和系动词。
（10湖北）72. ________（油漆成）red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)
72. 答案：“painted”。考点：非谓语动词
解析：过去分词作状语，主语 “the building”是动作 “paint”的作用对象
75. After she completes the project, she’ll have ________（没什么要担心的）. (worry)
75. 答案：nothing to worry about
考点：不定式作后置定语
解析：动词 “worry”与被修饰的名词 “nothing” 形成动宾关系，由于 “worry” 是不及物动词，后面须加上加上介词 “about”。
（10辽宁）25.We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.
A．finding B．to find
C．find D．to be found
答案：B
句意：我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。
解析：考查非谓语动词。be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式做状语。
（10辽宁）35.Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing
C. recognize D. recognized
答案：D
句意：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。
解析：考查非谓语动词用法。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
（10北京）21. at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
21. 答案：A
考点：本题考查非谓语动词。
解析：look与句子主语I为主动关系，因此用looking.
25. I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised
C. advertising D. having advertised
25. 答案：A
考点:本题考查非谓语动词。
句意：我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。
解析：the position肯定是被advertise，此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised
（10重庆）30. The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.
A. having ledB. ledC. leadingD. to lead
30. 答案C
考点：考查非谓语动词。
解析：句意为：这个消息使公众震惊，也引起了人们对学生在校安全的关注。The news和lead之间是主谓关系，并作shocked的伴随状语，所以用leading。
34. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.
A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairing D. to be repaired
34. 答案D
考点：考查非谓语动词。
解析： the one指代前面提到的buildings与repair是动宾关系，由前半句房屋需要修缮可知修缮这个动作发生在need之后，所以用to be repaired.
（10浙江）20. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A. being weighed B. to weigh
C. weighed D. weighing
答案：D
考点：本题考查非谓语动词。
解析：根据句子结构：主语：the traffic rule；谓语动词：says；宾语从句：young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat。宾语从句中的主干为：young children must be in a child safety seat。under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children。动词weigh 与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。句意：交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。
（2011?天津卷）7．Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane．【A】
A．to carry B．carrying
C．to be carried D．being carried
（2011?江西卷）32．On hearing a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr．Gordon immediately rushed home from his office． 【C】
A． says B．said C．saying D．to say
（2011?天津卷）12．______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order．【B】
A．Translating B．Transl ated
C．To translate D．Having translated
（2011?北京卷）25．It’s important for the figures regularly．【A】
A．to be updated B．to have been updated
C．to update D．to have updated
（2011?四川卷）2．Ladex doesn’t feel like abroad．Her parents are old．【B】
A．study B．studying C．studied D．to study
（2011?四川卷）11．Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly．【D】
A．keep B．kept C．keepingD．to keep
（2011?四川卷）16． an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous．【C】
A．Offer B．Offering C．Offered D．To offer
（2011?全国II）18．Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _____nothing about the argument．【D】
A．says B: said C．to say D．saying
（2011?全国II）15．The island, ______to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to．【C】
A．joining B．to join
C．joined D．having joined
（2011?陕西卷）20．More highways have been built in China, ______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another．【A】
A．making B．made C．to make D．having made
（2011?陕西卷）14．Claire had luggage an hour befor her plane left．【D】
A．check B．checking
C．to check D．checked
（2011?北京卷）33．Sit down, Emma．You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet．【B】
A．to keep B．keeping
C．having kept D．to have kept
（2011?辽宁卷）23．Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read first．【C】
A．what B．who C．how D．why
（2011?辽宁卷）30． around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people． 【C】
A．Gather B．To gather
C．Gathering D．To be gathering
（2011?湖南卷）29 ．Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day?【C】
A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt
（2011?重庆卷）29．More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced people’s concern over food safety．【A】
A．to raise B．raising
C．to have raised D．having raised
（2011?江苏卷）22．The fact that so many people still smoke in public place _______that we may need nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking．【B】
A．suggest B．suggests
C．suggestedD．suggesting
（2011?江苏卷）31．Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two diff erent supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens．【B】
A．compared B．comparing
C．compares D．being compared
（2011?全国新课标卷）27．The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house．【B】
A．rose B．rising C．to rise D．risen
（2011?浙江卷）3．Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years．【A】
A．having B．had C．have D．to have
（2011?浙江卷）14．Even the best writers find themselves _______for words．【B】
A．lose B．lost C．to lose D．having lost
（2011?浙江卷）19．If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______by their enthusiastic supporters．【C】
A．being cheered B．be cheered
C．To be cheered D．Were cheered
（2011?湖南卷）21 ．The ability _____an idea as important as the idea itself【C】
A．expressing B．expressed
C．to express D．to cover
（2011?湖南卷）23the players ______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game ．【C】
A．selecting B．to selected
C． selected D．having selected
（2011?安徽卷）30．Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces．【D】
A．break B．breaking C．broken D．to break
（2011?山东卷）27．Look over there-there’s a very long, winding path ____up to the house．【A】
A．leading B．leads C．led D．to lead
（2011?重庆卷）33．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams．【C】
A．reminding B．to remind
C．reminded D．renmind
（2011?福建卷）27．The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ．【D】
A．held B．holding
C．be held D．to hold
（2011?福建卷）23．Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures．【C】
A．found B．founding
【2012年高考预测】
非谓语动词是历年高考试题的重点，每年都会有不止一道的非谓语动词考题。纵观近年全国的高考试题，我们不难预测2012年高考对非谓语动词的考查将主要集中在如下两方面：1、非谓语动词的句法功能，即其在句中所充当的成分；2、非谓语动词的一些特殊用法。
【重难点突破】
【概述】动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上，充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分，这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。
基本用法
1）、不定式
时态/语态 主动被动
一般式 to doto be done
完成式 to have doneto have been done
2）、动名词
时态/语态 主动 被动
一般式 doingbeing done
完成式 having donehaving been done
3）、分词
时态/语态 [来源:Zxxk.Com]主动 被动
一般式 doingbeing done
完成式 having donehaving been done
否定形式： not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分词
非谓语动词主要的句法功能一览表：
非谓语动词[来源:学科网ZXXK][来源:学#科#网]功能[来源:学科网ZXXK]
主语宾语表语定语状语补语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √ 极少
分词 √ √ √ √
一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别
1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。
（2011?全国新课标卷）27．The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house．【B】
A．rose B．rising C．to rise D．risen
（2011?浙江卷）14．Even the best writers find themselves ___for words．【B】
A．lose B．lost C．to lose D．having lost
注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。
（2010上海）
33. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused
2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态）。
leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。）
leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示将来的动作。）
如：It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.
你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动，正在进行）
The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.
客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被动，完成）
He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.
他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动，将来）
We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.
我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来）
3．have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。
① have sth. done = get sth. done “使/ 让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。
（2011?陕西卷）14．Claire had luggage an hour befor her plane left．【D】
A．check B．checking C．to check D．checked
（2010辽宁）35.Alexander tried to get his work ___ in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized
② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行）
get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。
注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。
I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that.
我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。
Don’t have the water running all the time. 不要让水流个不停。
③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事
I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me.
二、下列动词后跟带to 的不定式作补语：
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。
The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门
下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：
它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”??5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。
He was caught stealing. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
不定式、分词作定语用法要点
一、不定式作定语
1．作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
（2010山东）23. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.
A. completing B. to complete
C. completed D. being completed
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have you anything to send ?
你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”）
Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？
（不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）
3．用不定式作定语的几种情况：
不定式表将来：
（2010重庆）34. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.
A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。
（2011?湖南卷）21 ．The ability _____an idea as important as the idea itself.【C】
A．expressing B．expressed C．to express D．to cover
二、分词作定语
1．作定语的及物动词分词形式为：V ?ing; being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用V ?ing；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。例如：
（2011?江苏卷）31．Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens．【B】
A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared
（2011?湖南卷）23the players ______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game ．【C】
A．selecting B．to selected C． selected D．having selected
2．作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：V ?ing 和过去分词。V ?ing 表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。如：
falling leaves 正落的叶子 fallen leaves 落下的叶子
boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 沸腾过的水（白开水）
三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别
这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。
Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?
He is a man loved and respected by all.
现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
（2011?山东卷）27．Look over there-there’s a very long, winding path ___ up to the house．【A】
A．leading B．leads C．led D．to lead
不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。
如：The question to be discussed at the tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.
不定式、分词作状语用法要点
一、不定式作状语
（2011?四川卷）11．Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly．【D】
A．keep B．kept C．keeping D．to keep
在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：
（2010辽宁）25.We were astonished ___ the temple still in its original condition.
A．finding B．to find C．find D．to be found
在带有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。He was too excited not to say a few words.
他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。
He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。
注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to (为了) 或so as to (以便) + 动词原形。so as to 不用于句首。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。
To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me.
To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修饰全句，独立成分)
二、分词作状语
1．分词作状语的基本原则
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。
2．分词作状语的句法功能
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。
（2011?江西卷）32．On hearing a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr．Gordon immediately rushed home from his office． 【C】
A． says B．said C．saying D．to say
（2011?四川卷）16. an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous．【C】
A．Offer B．Offering C．Offered D．To offer
（2011?全国II）18．Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument．【D】
A．says B. said C．to say D．saying
（2011?陕西卷）20．More highways have been built in China, ___ it much easier for people to travel form one place another．【A】
A．making B．made C．to makeD．having made
3．独立成分作状语
有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
Generally speaking … 一般说来 Frankly speaking … 坦白地说
Judging from … 根据……来判断 Considering … 考虑到……
To tell you the truth … 说实话
非谓语动词其它用法
一、疑问词 + 不定式结构
疑问词（who, which, when, where, how, what等）+ 不定式，这个结构在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。如：
（2011?辽宁卷）23．Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read first．【C】
A．what B．who C．how D．why
注意句型：Why not do sth. ? Why do sth. ?
二、不定式的主动和被动
1．不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。
Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon ?
2．不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。
She has a sister to look after. (She looks after her sister.)
3．不定式作表语形容词的关语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb. 。
This book is difficult to understand.
4．在there be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。如：
There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work. )
There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. )
请注意下面两个句子的含义的不同点：
There is nothing to do. (无事可做，感到十分乏味。)
There is nothing to be done. (某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。)
三、不定式符号to的保留问题
有时为了避免重复，可以用to 来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。
如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be, have, have been，这些词要保留。如：
I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to.
? Are you on holiday ?
? No, but I’d like to be.
? I didn’t tell him the news. 我没有告诉他那个消息。
? Oh, you ought to have. 噢，你本应该告诉他的
四、动名词作主语
动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。
It is / was no use / good + doing sth.
It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.
It is / was of little use / good + doing sth.
It is / was useless doing sth.
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It is of little good staying up too late every day.
每天都熬夜没有什么好处
若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。
Seeing is believing. =To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
特殊用法集锦
一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计 划，同意请求帮一帮。
Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help
此外，afford, strive（斗争） 等也要用不定式作宾语。
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving to make their products more competitive.
二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk
此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。
（2011?四川卷）2．Ladex doesn’t feel like abroad．Her parents are old．【B】
A．study B．studying C．studied D．to study
三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。
1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事
remember to do sth. 记住去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事
regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情
try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事
try doing sth. 尝试着做某事
mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事
go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事
2．动词like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面则应接动词不定式。
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
I’d like to go swimming this weekend.
3．在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.
allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.
（2011?天津卷）7．Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane．【A】
A．to carry B．carrying C．to be carried D．being carried
4．动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”这些意义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。
need / require / want doing / to be done
need / require / want sb. to do sth.
be worth + n. (表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)
be worth doing be worthy of being done
be worthy of + n. 值得…… be worthy to be done
The window needs / requires / wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
窗户需要擦一下。
The place is worth visiting.
The place is worthy of a visit.
The place is worthy of being visited.
The place is worthy to be visited.
那个地方值得一去。
四、动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等词的宾语时，前面常带wh ? 引导词。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不带to 的不定式。
注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。例如：
He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)
I don’t know what to do. ( = I don’t know what I’ll do.)
Can you tell me why do it ?
五、动词不定式在介词but, other than 后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。另外在can’t choose but, can’t help but, can’t but 后面的不定式也要省略to。
We could do nothing but / other than wait.
We had nothing to do but / other than wait.
We have no choice but to wait.
I can’t choose but laugh.
六、注意以下表达的意义区别
falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落下的树叶
boiling water 沸腾的水 boiled water 烧开过的水
developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance.
The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake.
(The girl was frightened. )
看到蛇，女孩尖叫起来。
His frightening shout scared the boys again.
The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened.
他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。
类似的还有：
an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 兴奋的声音
a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情
with复合结构
1.with复合结构的构成
with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1）With+宾语+介词短语
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）
With w inter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes.
4）with+宾语+to do（不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义）
I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.
5）with+宾语+形容词/副词
Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
2.with复合结构的作用
with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。
(09海南35) Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ______ ?
A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take
独立主格结构
独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
（一）：独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词)+形容词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名 词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
（二）：独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
（2011?浙江卷）3．Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years．【A】
A．having B．had C．have D．to have
【高考真题剖析】
（2011?福建卷）23．Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures．
A．found B．foundingC．founded D．to be founded
答案【C】考查非谓语动词。Tsinghua University与found之间是被动关系，同时又是完成意义的非谓语动词，所以选择C。
（2011?浙江卷）19．If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______by their enthusiastic supporters．
A．being cheered B．be cheered
C．To be cheered D．Were cheered
答案【C】考查非谓语动词。the team与cheer之间是被动关系，同时又表目的，所以选择C。
（2011?湖南卷）29 ．Do you wake up every morning ____ energetic and ready to start a new day?
A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt
答案【C】考查非谓语动词。you 与feel之间是主动关系，表伴随，所以选择C。
【真题练习】
（09安徽）1. The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
A. produced B. being produced
C. to be produced D. having been produced
【答案】C
（09北京）2 For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm.
A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow K
【答案】A
（09北京）3. The way the guests _____ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service
A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated
【答案】D
（09北京）4. All of them try to use the power of the workstation ___ information in a more effective way.
A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present
【答案】D
（09北京）5. ___ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
A. Being bitten B. Bitten
C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
【答案】A
（09福建）6. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out f or the airport in a hurry.
A. Reminding B. Reminded
C. To remind D. Having reminded
【答案】B 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，选B。
（09福建）7. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A. marking B. marked
C. having marked D. being marked
【答案】A 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，其后有宾语，故与逻辑主语是主动关系，且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，用现在分词，选A。
（09湖南）8．When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere.
A. would open B. opened
C. had opened D. was to open
【答案】D 考查非谓语动词。动词不定时的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。
（09湖南）9．At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.
A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering
C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered
【答案】A 考查分词的用法。句意为：29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近,不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰a worker，and 为并列连词，连接相同的成份。
（09湖南）10. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .
A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused
【答案】D 考查动词不定时的用法。句意为：现在人们有时把他们的废物分开，以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作，而且是被动的。故选D。
（09湖南）11. Please do me a favor ? ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.
A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited
【答案】C
（09江西）12. _________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
【答案】D 考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：If they are given the right kind of training , 可知主语they 即these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则，连词if 也可省，所以得出given the right kind of training , these teenager soccer players……
（09江西）13. The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
【答案】B 考查非谓语动词的用法。 现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰new laws ,相当于which forces ……...
（09海南）14 The children all tur ned the famous actress as she entered the classroom.
A. looked at B. to look at
C. to looking at D. look at
【答案】B。 句意为：当那位著名的女演员走进了教室，所有的孩子都转过头去看她。
turn to 表示“转向，求助”的意思。
(09海南)15. Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?
A. taking B. take C. takenD. to take
【答案】C。 考查with +宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为：现在,我们已经讨论了问题,是人们最满意的决定？ take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动
（09山东）16. We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.
A. to be held B. held
C. being held D. holding
【答案】A 考查非谓语动词的用法，由next month可知时间是在将来，party是被举行，故选A。
（09陕西）17。 I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken
【答案】D 考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语，而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时，可以用v-ing形式，v-ing表示的动作已经完成，也可用动词不定式，表示的动作还未发生，根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成，且与逻辑主语是被动关系，用v-ing的被动式，选D。
（09上海）18. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____all four people on board.
A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill
【答案】B
（09上海）19. With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the n ew settlements.
A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected
【答案】C
（09上海）20. Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold
【答案】C
（09四川）21. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat
【答案】A 考查非谓语的用法。remain后可接adj, v-ing, v-ed和to be done 等多种形式做表语，在该题中可以把seated视为一个形容词，所以正确答案为A。
（09上海）22. David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.
A. to be reported B. reporting
C. to report D. having reported
【答案】C
（09四川）23. He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion
A. to have B. having C. have D. had
【答案】B.
【解析】考查非谓语的用法，分析句子可知whether +to do sth. 做了宾语从句的主语, He told us 后省略了宾语从句的引导词that。
（09四川）24. ________ many times, he finally understood it.
A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told
【答案】D 考查非谓语的用法。tell与主语之间的关系是被动和完成的关系，所以用having been done来表示被动和完成。
（09天津）25. ______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.
A. Competing B. Having completed
C. To have completed D. To complete
【答案】D
（09天津）26. _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging
C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
【答案】C
（09浙江）27．_______and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A. the; a B. Tired
C. TiringD. Being tired
【答案】B
（09浙江）28．There is a great deal of evidence _______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A. indicateB. indicating
C. to indicateD. to be indicating
【答案】B
（09重庆）29. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.
A. comparing B. compares
C. to compare D. compared
【答案】D
（09重庆）30. With the world changing fast, we have something new with all by ourselves every day.
A. deal B. dealt
C. to deal D. dealing
【答案】C
（09全国2 ）31. They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly.
A. being run B. run C. to run D. running
【答案】D 考查非谓语动词V-ing，这儿构成(keep sth. doing。
（09江苏）32. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures.
A. help B. to have helped
C. to help D. having helped
【答案】C
（09江苏）33.Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.
A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended
【答案】C
（10福建）25. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
A. sendingB. to send
C. having sentD. to have sent
25. 答案：A
考点：非谓语动词
解析：表示伴随。从 “were working”可以判断是进行时态，排除C。
34. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. stickingB. stuck
C. to be stuckD. to have stuck34.
答案：B
考点：remain后接动词的用法
解析：remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时，后面接过去分词作表语。
（10上海）33. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused
答案：A
考点：本题考查非谓语动词。
解析：keep+sb. /sth. +done,根据句意，sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系，故选A.
35. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
A. Approaching B. Approached
C. To approach D. To be approached
答案：A
考点：本题考查非谓语动词。
解析：考察现在分词作状语，表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
40. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce
答案：B
考点：此处考查非谓语动词。
解析：此处应该用不定式the way to do sth表示做……的途径、方式。the only way to do……,we can imagine 做定语，前面省略了that.
（10安徽）30. He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world
A. travel B. to travelC. traveled D. traveling
答案：D.
考点：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
解析：主语（he）与动词travel之间存在主动关系，故用traveling作原因状语。
（10湖南）21. Listen! Do you hear someone for help?
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
21. 答案：A
考点：考查非谓语动词。
解析：该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据 someone与call的主动关系排除D项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救，故选A项。
26. Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle
26. 答案：C
考点：考查非谓语动词。
解析：该空，分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。
30. So far nobody has claimed the money in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered
C. discovering D. having discovered
30. 答案：A
考点：考查非谓语动词
解析：该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money，根据the money与discover的被动关系，排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现”的意思，根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱”可判断选A项。
（10江西）24 The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains.
A keep B kept
C keeping D to keep
答案：C
考点：考察非谓语。
解析：句子主语lady和keep 之间是主动关系, 而且walk和keep 同时发生。
32 There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.
A to discover B to be discovered
C discovered D being discovered
答案：B.
考点：考察非谓语。
解析：演员等待被发现, 用被动, 发现发生在等待之后, 所以用不定式.
（10山东）23. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.
A. completing B. to complete
C. completed D. being completed
答案：B
考点：本题考查非谓语动词的使用。
解析：句意应为“这个学期结束前，我要做很多阅读练习。”由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当readings的定语。
（10天津）12. It rained heavily in the south， serious flooding in several provinces.
A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause
答案：C.
考点：考查非谓语动词。
句意：南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。
解析：空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语
（10四川）4. A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano.
A. to question B. to be questioned
C. questioned D. questioning
答案：C _ m
考点：考查非谓语动词作定语。
解析： question与students 存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。
17．The lawyer listened with full attention， to miss any point．
A．not trying B．trying not
C．to try not D．not to try
答案：B. k#s5_u.c o*m
考点：考查现在分词短语做伴随状 语及动词不定式的否定式。
解析：句中listen和try not to miss为同时进行的动作，故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。
（10全国Ⅰ）27.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing
27题 答案：C
句意：怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。
解答：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词，题干中空格划在名词maps后，空格后部分是对maps解释说明，因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做状语，首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系，borrow和maps是被动关系，被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种： to be done, being done, done，to be done表示动作将要发生，being done表示动作正在发生，done表示用作已经完成，根据句意borrow的动作已经完成，因此选择C。
34. With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
34题 答案：B
句意：父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。
解答：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词。题干中空格划在名词后，但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明，而是说明取钱的目的，因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语，非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的，因此选择B。
（10江苏）28. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,________the students to return to their classrooms. w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*m
A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled
选A. enabling 表示他在捐献后的结果
（陕西）16._____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .
A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see
A.【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成，用过去分词，选A。
19. His first book next month is based on a true story.
A. published B. to be published
C. to publish D. being published
B.【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做后置定语，由时间状语next month可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，用动词不定式，其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book,不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，选B。
（10全国Ⅱ）11.Though_________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B. as surprised
C. surprised D being surprised
【答案】C
【解析】省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为：Though he was surprised，主语一致，省略主语和系动词。
（10湖北）72. ________（油漆成）red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)
72. 答案：“painted”。考点：非谓语动词
解析：过去分词作状语，主语 “the building”是动作 “paint”的作用对象
75. After she completes the project, she’ll have ________（没什么要担心的）. (worry)
75. 答案：nothing to worry about
考点：不定式作后置定语
解析：动词 “worry”与被修饰的名词 “nothing” 形成动宾关系，由于 “worry” 是不及物动词，后面须加上加上介词 “about”。
（10辽宁）25.We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.
A．finding B．to find
C．find D．to be found
答案：B
句意：我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。
解析：考查非谓语动词。be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式做状语。
（10辽宁）35.Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing
C. recognize D. recognized
答案：D
句意：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。
解析：考查非谓语动词用法。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
（10北京）21. at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
21. 答案：A
考点：本题考查非谓语动词。
解析：look与句子主语I为主动关系，因此用looking.
25. I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised
C. advertising D. having advertised
25. 答案：A
考点:本题考查非谓语动词。
句意：我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。
解析：the position肯定是被advertise，此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised
（10重庆）30. The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.
A. having ledB. ledC. leadingD. to lead
30. 答案C
考点：考查非谓语动词。
解析：句意为：这个消息使公众震惊，也引起了人们对学生在校安全的关注。The news和lead之间是主谓关系，并作shocked的伴随状语，所以用leading。
34. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.
A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairing D. to be repaired
34. 答案D
考点：考查非谓语动词。
解析： the one指代前面提到的buildings与repair是动宾关系，由前半句房屋需要修缮可知修缮这个动作发生在need之后，所以用to be repaired.
（10浙江）20. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A. being weighed B. to weigh
C. weighed D. weighing
答案：D
考点：本题考查非谓语动词。
解析：根据句子结构：主语：the traffic rule；谓语动词：says；宾语从句：young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat。宾语从句中的主干为：young children must be in a child safety seat。under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children。动词weigh 与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。句意：交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。
（2011?天津卷）7．Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane．【A】
A．to carry B．carrying
C．to be carried D．being carried
（2011?江西卷）32．On hearing a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr．Gordon immediately rushed home from his office． 【C】
A． says B．said C．saying D．to say
（2011?天津卷）12．______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order．【B】
A．Translating B．Transl ated
C．To translate D．Having translated
（2011?北京卷）25．It’s important for the figures regularly．【A】
A．to be updated B．to have been updated
C．to update D．to have updated
（2011?四川卷）2．Ladex doesn’t feel like abroad．Her parents are old．【B】
A．study B．studying C．studied D．to study
（2011?四川卷）11．Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly．【D】
A．keep B．kept C．keepingD．to keep
（2011?四川卷）16． an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous．【C】
A．Offer B．Offering C．Offered D．To offer
（2011?全国II）18．Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _____nothing about the argument．【D】
A．says B: said C．to say D．saying
（2011?全国II）15．The island, ______to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to．【C】
A．joining B．to join
C．joined D．having joined
（2011?陕西卷）20．More highways have been built in China, ______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another．【A】
A．making B．made C．to make D．having made
（2011?陕西卷）14．Claire had luggage an hour befor her plane left．【D】
A．check B．checking
C．to check D．checked
（2011?北京卷）33．Sit down, Emma．You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet．【B】
A．to keep B．keeping
C．having kept D．to have kept
（2011?辽宁卷）23．Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read first．【C】
A．what B．who C．how D．why
（2011?辽宁卷）30． around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people． 【C】
A．Gather B．To gather
C．Gathering D．To be gathering
（2011?湖南卷）29 ．Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day?【C】
A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt
（2011?重庆卷）29．More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced people’s concern over food safety．【A】
A．to raise B．raising
C．to have raised D．having raised
（2011?江苏卷）22．The fact that so many people still smoke in public place _______that we may need nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking．【B】
A．suggest B．suggests
C．suggestedD．suggesting
（2011?江苏卷）31．Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two diff erent supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens．【B】
A．compared B．comparing
C．compares D．being compared
（2011?全国新课标卷）27．The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house．【B】
A．rose B．rising C．to rise D．risen
（2011?浙江卷）3．Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years．【A】
A．having B．had C．have D．to have
（2011?浙江卷）14．Even the best writers find themselves _______for words．【B】
A．lose B．lost C．to lose D．having lost
（2011?浙江卷）19．If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______by their enthusiastic supporters．【C】
A．being cheered B．be cheered
C．To be cheered D．Were cheered
（2011?湖南卷）21 ．The ability _____an idea as important as the idea itself【C】
A．expressing B．expressed
C．to express D．to cover
（2011?湖南卷）23the players ______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game ．【C】
A．selecting B．to selected
C． selected D．having selected
（2011?安徽卷）30．Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces．【D】
A．break B．breaking C．broken D．to break
（2011?山东卷）27．Look over there-there’s a very long, winding path ____up to the house．【A】
A．leading B．leads C．led D．to lead
（2011?重庆卷）33．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams．【C】
A．reminding B．to remind
C．reminded D．renmind
（2011?福建卷）27．The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ．【D】
A．held B．holding
C．be held D．to hold
（2011?福建卷）23．Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures．【C】
A．found B．founding
