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Unit1 ANNE’S BEST FRIEND
Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to,like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friendwould laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? AnneFrank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne livedin Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish sonearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the onlytrue friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of factsin a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, andI shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hidingplace since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’sbecause I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazyabout everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a timewhen a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could neverhave kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. …For example, oneevening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven inorder to have a good look at the moon by my self. But as the moon gave far toomuch light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, Ihappened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairsuntil the window bad to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, thethundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in ayear and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly …I am only able tolook at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s nopleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing thatreally must be experienced. Yours, Anne
Unit2 THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH
the Road to Modern English At the end of the 16th century, about five toseven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Laterin the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts ofthe world, and because of that, English began to be spoken in many othercountries. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreignlanguage than ever before. Native English speakers can understand each othereven if they don’t speak the same kind of English. Look at this example: BritishBetty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up toyou apartment. So why has English changed over time? Actually all languageschange and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At fistthe English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very differentfrom the English spoken today. It was base more on German than the English wespeak at present. Then gradually between about AD 500 and 1150, English becameless like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and laterFrench. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially itsvocabulary. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a widervocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia to.English began to be spoken in both countries. Finally by the 19th century thelanguage was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened:first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote TheAmerican Dictionary of the English language. The latter gave a separate identityto American English spelling. English now is also spoken as a foreign or secondlanguage in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluentEnglish speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that timeEnglish became the language for government and education. English is also spokenin Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Todaythe number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact,China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese Englishdevelop its own identity? Only time will tell.
Unit3 Travel journal
Journey Down the Mekong My name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, mysister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. Two years agoshe bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. Lastyear, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college if Kunming.They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, theChinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.Wang Wei soon got time interested in cycling too. After graduating from college,we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. I asked my sister, “Where are wegoing?” It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire MekongRiver from where it begins to where it ends. Now she is planning our schedulefor the trip. I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. Shecan be really stubborn. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting toplaces, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. Now I know that theproper way is always her way. I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and whenare we coming back?” I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet. Of courseshe hadn’t; my sister doesn’t care about details. So I told her that the sourceof the Mekong is in Qinghai Province. She gave me a determined look -- the kindthat said she would not change her mind. When I told her that our journey wouldbegin at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters, she seemed to be excited aboutit. When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold,she said it would be an interesting experience. I know my sister well. Once shehas made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in. Severalmonths before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library. We found a largeatlas with good maps that showed details of world geography. From the atlas wecould see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier to move quickly. It becomesrapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling across western YunnanProvince. Sometimes the river becomes a water fall and enters wide valleys. Wewere both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China. After it leavesChina and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm. As it entersSoutheast Asia, its pace slows. It makes wide bends or meanders through lowvalleys to the plains where rice grows. At last, the river delta enters theSouth China Sea.
Unit4 ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.Forthree days the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell.Farmersnoticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.A smelly gas came out of thecracks.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervois toeat.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish jumped out oftheir bowls and ponds.At about 3:00 am on july 28,1976,some people saw brightlights in the sky.The sound of planes could be heard outside the city ofTangshan even when no planes were in the sky.In the city,the water pipes in somebuildings cracked and burst.but the one million people of the city,who thiughtlittle of these events,were asleep as usual that night.
At 3:42 am everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world was at anend!Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the20th century had begun.It was felt in Beijing,which is more than two hundredkilometres away.One-third of the nation felt it.A huge crack that was eightkilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals.Steamburst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dir.Infifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.The suffering of the peoplewas extreme.Two-thirds of them died or were left without parents.The number ofpeople who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
But how could the survivors believe it was natural?Everywhere they lookednearly everything was destroyed.All of the city's hospitals,75%of its factoriesand buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.Bricks covered the ground like redautumn leaves.No wind,however,could blow them away.Two dams fell and most of thebridges also fell or were not safe for travelling.The railway tracks were nowuseless pieces of steel.Tens of thousands of cows would never give milkagain.Half a million oigs and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled thewells instead of water.People were shocked.Then,later that afternoon,another bigquake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of therescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.More buildings felldown.Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.people begab to wonder how longthe disaster would last.
All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiersto Tangshan to help the rescue workers.Hundreds of thousands of people werehelped.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to burythe dead.To the north of the city,most of the 10,000 miners were rescued fromthe coal mines there.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had beendestroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city bu train,truck and plane.Slowly,thecity began to breathe again.
Unit5 ELIAS'STORY
My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when Ifirst met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelveyears old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went foradvice. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He wasgenerous with his time, for which I was grateful.
I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school atsix. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. Ihad to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and thebus fare. I could not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in agold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to livein Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and Iworried about whether I would become out of work.
The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told myhow to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became morehopeful about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organizedthe ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said:
“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping ourrights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost norights at all.”
It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. Theycould not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to livewere decided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sentto live were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. Infact as Nelson Mandela said:
“…we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were lessimportant or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws. We first brokethe law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed…only then did wedecide to answer violence with violence.
As a matter of fact, I do not like violence…but in 1963 I helped him blowup some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught Icould be put in prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help usachieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
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