人教版八年级下册英语第二单元单词及知识点
英语属于印欧语系日耳曼语族西日耳曼语支，最早被中世纪的英国使用，那么关于八年级英语知识点怎么学习呢?以下是小编准备的一些八年级下册英语第二单元单词及知识点，仅供参考。
八年级下册英语第二单元单词
clean up 打扫(或清楚)干净
cheer /t???/ v. 欢呼; 喝彩
cheer up (使)变得更高兴; 振奋起来
give out 分发; 散发
volunteer /'v?l?n't??/ v. 义务做; 自愿做n. 志愿者
come up with 想出; 提出(主意、计划、回答等)
put off 推迟
sign /sa?n/ n. 标志; 信号
notice /'n??t?s/ n. 通知; 通告; 注意v. 注意到; 意识到
hand out 分发
call up 打电话给(某人); 征召
used to 曾经......; 过去......
lonely /'l??nl?/ adj.孤独的; 寂寞的
care for 照顾; 非常喜欢
several /'sevr?l/ pron.几个; 数个; 一些
strong /str??/ adj.强烈的; 强壮的
feeling /'fi:l??/ n. 感觉; 感触
satisfaction /'s?t?s'f?k??n/ n. 满足; 满意
joy /d???/ n. 高兴; 愉快
owner /'??n?/ n. 物主; 主人
try out 参加......选拔; 试用
journey /'d??:n?/ n. (尤指长途)旅行; 行程
raise /'re?z/ v. 募集; 征集
alone /?'l??n/ adv.独自; 单独
repair /r?'pe?/ v. 修理; 修补
fix /f?ks/ v. 修理; 安装
fix up 修理; 装饰
give away 赠送; 捐赠
take after (外貌或行为)像
broken /'br??k?n/ adj.破损的; 残缺的
wheel /wi:l/ n. 车轮; 轮子
letter /'let?/ n. 信; 函
Miss /m?s/ n. 女士; 小姐
set up 建立; 设立
disabled /d?s'e?bld/ adj. 丧失能力的; 有残疾的
make a difference 影响; 有作用
blind /bla?nd/ adj. 瞎的; 失明的
deaf /def/ adj. 聋的
imagine /?'m?d??n/ v. 想象; 设想
difficulty /'d?f?k?lt?/ n. 困难; 难题
open /'??p?n/ v. 开; 打开
door /d?:/ n. 门
carry /'k?r?/ v. 拿; 提; 扛
train /tre?n/ v. 训练; 培训
excited adj. 激动的; 兴奋的
training /'tre?n??/ n. 训练; 培训
kindness /'ka?ndn?s/ n. 仁慈; 善良
clever /'klev?/ adj. 聪明的; 聪颖的
understand /'?nd?'st?nd/ v. (understood) 理解; 领会
change v. & n. 变化; 改变
interest /'?ntr?st/ n. 兴趣; 关注;v.使感兴趣; 使关注
sir /s?:/ n. 先生(用于正式信函中对不知名的男性收信人的称呼时, 写为Sir)
madam /'m?d?m/ n. 夫人; 女士(用于正式信函中对不知名的女性收信人的称呼时,写为Madam)
Mario /'mereo/ 马里奥(男名)
Jimmy /'d??m?/ 吉米(男名)
八年级下册英语第二单元
知识点1. 短语动词小结
常见动词短语结构有下面几种：
(1)动词+副词 如：give up 放弃;turn off 关掉;stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动
词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放
在短语动词后。
(2)动词+介词 如：listen of 听;look at 看;belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。
(3)动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出; run out of 用完，耗尽
(4)动词+名词+介词 如：take part in参加;catch hold of 抓住
2. each 每个，各自的，强调事物的个别情况，常与of 连用
every 每个，每一个的，一切的，有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用
3. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English
help do 帮助做某事 help study
4. spend...doing... 花费…做…
I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.
5. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党
take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会
6. run out 与 run out of
(1)run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。
His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。
(2)run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。
He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。
两者在一定条件下可以互换
如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol.
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time.
7. work out
(1)结局，结果为
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。
(2)算出，制订出，消耗完(精力等)
He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。
He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。
I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。
8. hang out 闲荡 闲逛
I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。
9. be able to do 能，会
be unable to do 不能，不会
10. for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问
You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。
11. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充…
She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。
12. hand out 分发 hand out bananas
give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give up doing 放弃… give up smoking 放弃吸烟
give away 赠送 捐赠 give away money to kids
give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱
give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线
13. help sb. out 帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)
I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。
14. train n. 火车 v. 训练
train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。
15. at once == right away 立刻 马上 如：
Do it at once. 马上去做。
I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。
16. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去)
some day 有一天(指将来) 如：
One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。
Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。
八年级下册英语第二单元
练习题I.单项选择(共10小题，满分为10分)
1.I think you should borrow some money ____ your friends.
a. from b. to c. for d. in
2.—May I use your dictionary, please?
—Of course, but please ____it as soon as possible.
a. take b. give c. return d. bring
3.—Why is John unhappy?
—Because he ____ the English exam.
a. passed b. didn’t fail c. went through d. failed
4.He gave us ____ on studying English.
a. an advice b. some advices c. many advice d. some advice
5.She looks very busy. I want to help her, but I don’t know____.
a. how to do b. what to do it c. what to do d. why to do
6. Mr Smith eats ____ meat, so he is ____ fat now.
a. too much, too much b. much too, much too c. too much, much too d. much too, too much
7. Does everyone ____ have something to say?
a. other b. another c. else d. others
8. —I’m sorry I broke the window.
—I’m afraid you have to ____it.
a. look for b. get back c. cut up d. pay for
9. He finds ____ hard to finish the work in two days.
a. it b. that c. this d. its
10. Don’t ____ it. Let’s try again.
a. argue with b. complain about c. get on d. be angry with
II.完形填空(共10小题，满分为10分)
Dear Pet,
Without knowing more about you, it’s hard for me to give you some good advice.
But first, I am sure that you are 1 . You said that nobody would care if you left home. What about your 2 ? And other family members? It seems that you are very 3 . You’d better go to a doctor or talk 4 your parents. They will be able to help you.
Second, I’m sure there’s someone else in your class who feels lonely, 5 . You never know 6 other people feel. Try to make friends with your classmates. And you could 7 a club to meet new people and make friends, too.
You 8 find happiness in yourself. So my 9 advice is to write a list of all the good things about yourself, learn to like yourself, and then 10 will see your confidence (信心)and like you, too.
Editor
1. a. right b. wrong c. OK d. clever
2. a. teachers b. classmates c. parents d. friends
3. a. popular b. tired c. sad d. happy
4. a. to b. about c. of d. with
5. a. too b. either c. also d. to
6. a. why b. how c. when d. where
7. a. take part in b. join c. join in d. take part
8. a. mustn’t b. shouldn’t c. need to d. can’t
9. a. finally b. last c. end d. first
10. a. other b. the other c. others d. another
III.阅读理解(共10小题，满分为20分)
(A)
One of the most popular item (项) in the class newspaper is the advice column(专栏). Here are some of them and their answers ——
Q: I’m always late for school. I try not to be late, but I can’t help (避免) it. Please advise me what to do. Tommy.
A: You are probably late for school because you don’t really like school. My advice to you is to enjoy school more, and then you won’t be late so often.
Q: I find it difficult to make friends. What do you think I should do? Sara.
A: I can’t advise you until I know more about you. Your problem may be that you are shy. On the other hand, it may be the opposite. You may be too bold (大胆). Write and tell me more about yourself.
Q: I’m always at the bottom (末尾) of the class. What do you advise me to do? Molly.
A: I advise you to concentrate (集中注意力) on improving your grades in one subject at first. Next, try to improve your grades in another subject. If you do this, by the end of the year you should be quite a long way up from the bottom in all your subjects.
根据短文内容，选择答案。
1.What is the main idea of this passage?
a. The school newspaper has an advice column.
b. Tommy wrote to the school newspaper to ask for advice.
c. Sara finds it difficult to make friends.
d. The advice column in the school newspaper is very popular.
2. What is Tommy’s problem?
a. He is always late for school.
b. He finds it difficult to make friends.
c. He is always at the bottom of the class.
d. He needs help with his homework.
3. What does the adviser (建议者) want Sara to do?
a. Stop being so shy.
b. Stop being so bold.
c. Make more friends.
d. Give more information about herself.
4. What does Molly want to do?
a. Make more friends.
b. Improve her grades.
c. Stay at the bottom of her class.
d. Concentrate on one subject at a time.
5. By the end of the year, what should Molly have in all her subjects?
a. At the bottom.
b. At little way up from the bottom.
c. Quite a long way up from the bottom.
d. At the top.
(B)
A good way to pass an exam is to work hard every day. You may not pass an exam if you only work hard before the exam. If you are getting ready for an English exam, do not only learn grammar rules. Try to read stories in English and speak English whenever you can. Before you start the exam, read the questions carefully. Try to understand the exact (确切的) meaning of each question before you pick up your pen to write. When you finish the exam, read answers once more, correct the mistakes if there are any and make sure that you don’t miss anything out.
根据短文内容，选择答案。
6.How can you do well in an exam?
a. Work hard every day. b. Read stories in English.
c. Be careful in doing the questions.
d. Read your answers once more before you hand in your paper.
7. Only learning rules of grammar ____ to pass an English exam.
a. is enough b. is not enough c. is good d. is not good
8. It is not a good way ____.
a. to read English stories b. to learn rules of grammar
c. to speak English as much as possible
d. to work hard only a few days before the exam
9. The word “whenever” means ____.
a. every time b. what time c. at any time d. forever
10. Before you start the exam, what should you do?
a. Read your answers loudly.
b. Correct the mistakes carefully.
c. Write the meaning of each question.
d. Read the questions carefully.
IV.任务型阅读(满分为10分)
Dear John,
I am very upset and I need some help. You know I will finish college soon, and I have to decide about my future. I like the computer and I really want to work on it.
Last Sunday I asked my family for some advice. They had quite different ideas about my future! My father said I should to go university and study computer engineering. My mother thought I should get a job as a computer salesperson, so I could make a lot of money. My brother wanted to start a web site design company with me. My sister did poorly in computer science and she wanted me to teach her in her school. My uncle manages a famous software company. He hoped I could join his company. As you see, it is very difficult for me to decide which one is the best. What do you think? Write me soon.
Yours,
Jordan
根据短文内容，完成下列表格。
Person Advice
Father You should (1)______.
Mother You should be a computer salesperson to (2)______.
Brother Let’s (3)______.
Uncle You should (4)______.
Sister You could teach (5)______.
V.词汇考查(共10小题，满分为10分)
A)根据句意和所给首字母，在句子空白处填入适当的单词。(5分)
1. She is the smartest in her class. She often has o___ ideas.
2. I a____ with my father, but I felt sorry for that now.
3. This dress is out of s____. She doesn’t want to take it.
4. The writing materials (文具) i____ pens, pencils, erasers and books.
5.The coat is too large. It doesn’t f____ me.
B)用所给单词的适当形式填空。
6.Our English teacher is ____(friend) to us.
7. Today many students are under much ____(press). They are stressed out.
8. The children enjoyed _____(they) in the park last Sunday.
9. The students often have ____(organize) activities on weekends.
10.They are ____(craze) about dancing and singing.
VI.完成句子(共5小题，满分为10分)
根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。
1.当你到北京时给我打电话。
____ ____ ____ when you get to Beijing.
2.她与她的朋友们相处很融洽。
She is ____ ____ ____ ____ her friends.
3.我的表弟和我同龄。
My cousin is ____ ____ ____ ____me.
4.另一方面，我不知道如何使用电脑。
____ ____ ____ ____, I don’t know how to use the computer.
5.我们应尽可能多地说英语。
We should speak English ____ ____ ____ ____.
VII. 选择恰当的词，并用其适当的形式填空，每词限用一次。(共10小题，满分为10分)
(work, be, take, see, feel, excite, look, watch, leave, live)
Last Sunday, Mr Gao (1)____ his class to the Space Museum in Guangzhou. There (2)_____ many things about space there. First, they (3)____ a movie about space travel. They (4)____ how the space shuttle (航天飞机) took off in space and later landed (降落) on earth again. It was very (5)____ and they (6)____ that they were traveling in space themselves!
After the movie, Mr Gao took them to see some models for rockets and the space shuttle. The models (7)____ very real, but they were smaller.
Before they (8)_____, they watched a video show about people (9)_____and working in a spacelab(太空实验室). The spacelab was very big. There were kitchens, bathrooms, bedrooms and a big workshop for people (10)____ in. People could stay in the spacelab for months.
VIII.补全对话(共5小题，满分为10分)
选择恰当的句子完成对话。
A: I want to get good grades. (1)_______
B: Maybe you can could take part in after-school class on weekends.
A: (2)____ I have to do my homework on weekends.
B: Well, you could ask your friends for help.
A: (3)____
B: You should say “sorry” to your friend.
A: OK. (4)_____
B: I think you shouldn’t play computer games or watch TV any more.
A: (5)____ I’ll study harder and harder from now on.
a. But I argued with my best friend yesterday.
b. That’s a good idea.
c. I don’t have enough time.
d. What should I do?
e. I’ll try to apologized (道歉) to her.
IX. 写作(10分)
假如你叫Tina，用下面所提供的信息告诉你的朋友Sarah 关于你的烦恼。
内容提要：这几天，你发现同学们对你不太友好。上个星期六，你们班上的一位同学举行生日聚会，她邀请了班上的很多同学，但没有邀请你。你感到很烦恼，于是向她述说此事，并向她求救。
注意：词数60左右，内容连贯。
八年级下册英语第二单元
练习题参考答案：I.1-5acddc 6-10ccdab
I.1-5bccaa 6-10bbcbc
III.1-5dadbc 6-10 abdcd
IV.1. study computer engineering in a university
2.make lots of money
3.start a company together
4.work in my company
5.computer science in my school
V.1.orginal 2. argued 3. style 4. include 5. fit 6.friendly 7. pressure 8. themselves 9. organized 10. crazed
VI.1.Call me up 2. getting on well with 3. the same age as 4.On the other hand 5. as much as possible
VII.1.took 2. were 3. watched 4. saw 5. exciting 6. felt 7. looked 8. left 9. living 10. to work
VIII.1-5dcaeb
IX. One possible version:
Dear Sarah,
I have a problem these days, and I need your help.
I am not getting on well with some of my classmates. I don’t know why. Last Saturday one of my classmates had a birthday party at home. She invited many classmates in my class, but she didn’t invite me. I feel worried and I don’t know what to do, could you tell me what I should do?
初二下册英语教学计划
一、教学指导思想
在本学期的英语教学中，要坚持以下理念的应用：
1、整体设计目标，体现灵活开放，目标设计以学生技能，语言知识，情感态度，学习策略和文化意识的发展为基础。
2、突出学生主体，尊重个体差异。
3、采用任务型的本文来自小草教学模式，让学生在老师的指导下通过感知、体验、实践、参与和合作等方式，实现任务的目标，感受成功。
4、注重过程评价，促进学生发展，建立能激励学生学习兴趣和自主学习能力发展的评价体系。
二、教学目标
学生应有较明确的英语学习动机和积极主动的学习态度。能听懂教师对有关熟悉话题的陈述并能参与讨论。能读供七至八年级学生阅读的简单读物和报纸杂志，克服生词障碍，理解大意。能根据阅读目的运用适当的阅读策略。能与他人合作，解决问题并报告结果，共同本文来自小草完成学习任务。能在学习中互相帮助，克服困难。能合理计划和安排学习任务，积极探索适合自己的学习方法。在学习和日常交际中能注意到中外文化的差异。
三、教材分析
《新目标英语》八年级(下册)，全书共有十个单元，另两个复习单元。本教材各单元话题灵活，贴近生活实际。本册书将学习的一些语法知识点有：一般将来时、过去进行时、现在完成时、间接引语、时间状语从句、条件状语从句、反意疑问句等。同时每个单元后都提供了一篇阅读文章，用以训练学生的阅读能力，扩大学生的阅读
四、学情分析
学生成绩和学生的学习态度的两级分化十分严重，少部分英语基础好的优秀学生，不管是在学校，还是在家，都能认真学习、主动思考问题，同时还能够及时反馈学习情况，在他们身上，教和学得到了比较好的统一。与此相反的是，另一部分同学英语基础很差，有些连26个字母都不能背全;学习态度也十分懒散，不但不愿学，不想学，还影响课堂纪律，影响他人学习。其他大部分学生属于中间层次，虽然不太吵，但学习情况依然很不理想，还是存在很多不想学不愿学的情况。总的来说，学生在英语学习上所存在的问题主要表现在：
(1)听、说、读、写等方面的基本技能未能掌握，连音标和单词的拼读都没有掌握好;
(2)受方言影响，多数同学的`发音不准确。
(3)单词量掌握较少。
(4)上课时精力不集中，对英语有一定的抵触心理。
(5)学生整体的惰性还是很强，自觉性很差。
(6)学生在情感态度，学习策略方面还存在诸多需要进一步解决本文来自小草的问题。
例如：很多学生不能明确学习英语的目的，没有真正认识到学习英语的目的在于交流;大多数同学没有养成良好的学习习惯，不能做好课前预习课后复习，学习没有计划性和策略性;不善于发现和总结语言规律，不注意知识的巩固和积累。
五、教改措施
1、认真专研教材和课标，精心备课，认真上好每一堂课。确定每堂课的基础内容，预备内容和拓展内容，满足不同层次学生的不同需求。
2、充分利用现有的现代化教学设备，加强直观教学，提高课堂效率。
3、多与学生沟通，了解学生学习状况和需求，及时改进教学中存在的问题和不足。
4、积极开展丰富多彩的英语活动，提高学生兴趣。如英语演讲比赛、单词听写比赛、朗读比赛、英语手抄报比赛、学唱英文歌曲，课前五分 钟活动等。
5、注重个别辅导，在面向全体学生的基础上，培优补差。
6、不断学习，加强自身素质和业务能力的提高。
