译林牛津版高中英语模块四Unit 3 Tomorrow’s World教案学案练习一体化
学习目标
1．词汇： reality, extraordinary, character, interactive, set, upon, feeling, headset, enable, monitor, via, deliver, straw, final, besides, firefighter, burn, battle, whale, ant, fantastic, opportunity, industry, impress, announce, liquid, soap, powder, showcase, employ, accuse, file, popularity, criticize, fade, editor, therefore, voice, opinion, crash, nephew, central, surface, southern, hero, gentle, journey, per, rescue, force, guide, safely.
2．词组、短语：pass on, thousands of, be connected to, put forward, last but not least, set up, in my opinion, come across, not only ….but also.
3．语法、结构：1) The passive voice
2) Modal verbs and the passive voice
3)Verbs often used in the passive voice
4．技能指导 ：
By the end of this unit, students will be able to:
1）read a formal proposal and summaries of three science fiction novels
2） listen to facts and opinions and an interview about computer use
3）Discuss views on technology and interview a classmate
4）Write a proposal for a computer room and a short science fiction story
5）Expand vocabulary related to computer
合作探究
Welcome to the unit
1．导入：The general idea of this period
The pictures and the questions of this part make students take notice of the life in the future. With the rapid development of science and technology, some of our wildest dreams could come true in the future.
Reading
体验：Reading comprehension
The article in this section is a business proposal which introduces a new business idea. Ask students to skim and scan the proposal and try to find answers to the three questions in Part A. Remind students only to focus on the most important information needed to answer these questions. Meanwhile ask students to pay attention to the structure of the passage.
Pay attention to the structure of the article. Organize students into groups of four. Ask them to discuss this article and analyze the structure. Also, students need to conclude what the main idea of each part of the article is.
main ideas
Para 1 ____________________________________________________________
Para 2----7 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Para8 ____________________________________________________________
Activities and discuss
1.After students have worked out the main ideas for the different parts, to further strengthen the comprehension, ask students to answer the following question and fill in the chart according to the proposal.
How can RealCine excite the viewers' five senses?
SenseThings neededEffects in RealCine
sightspecial VR headsetsViewers can see a world of 3D animation all around them.
soundspecial VR headsetsViewers can hear the sounds clearly all around them.
smellsmall opening in the headsetSmells are given out.
toughspecial glovesViewers can tough people and objects in the film.
tastea straw sensorSpecial food and drink chemicals are places into the viewers’mouth.
2. Then check the answers as a class. If time allows, organize a class presentation. Ask students to discuss and use the information in the chart above to give a brief presentation about virtual reality and RealCine.
3. Present the following sentences to students. Ask them to read each one and think about the characteristics of the language used in this article.
I believe you will be amazed by the RealCine experience, and will agree that this is an extraordinary technology that must be developed further.
Viewers will be surprised at how real it feels.
RealCine works by making the viewers feel that they are actually in the film.
I am sure you will agree that RealCine provides a fantastic opportunity for the film-making industry.
Ask students:
As a decision maker, do you think you would finally be persuaded to invest or develop RealCine? Why or why not?
What do you think of the language used tn these sentences?
Tell them that the purpose of a business proposal is to plan or suggest a new idea. The goal is to help the customers or the investors make their decisions. Therefore, clear and persuasive language is often used.
4. Ask students to read the Reading strategy. Tell students that a successful business proposal needs to be objective and that detailed information and convincing facts or examples together with the passive voice are frequently used to achieve this purpose. Therefore, when reading a business proposal, they can focus on these features.
5. Ask students to read the article again and underline the sentences using the passive voice in the passage. Give some explanations why the passive voice is used. This will help students get a better understanding of how to write a proposal.
6. Have students complete Part D. The meanings of the words in Part D should not be difficult for students to identify after they have read through the passage several times. Ask students to refer to the text as they complete Part D. This exercise can help students understand the text better.
7 Draw students' attention to Part E. Part E is a reply to the proposal, which serves as a summary of the article about RealCine. Have students complete it individually first and then check their answers with the whole class.
Post-reading activities
Use the following activities to help students deepen their understanding of RealCine and develop their speaking ability as well.
?Organize students into groups of four. Ask them to hold a group discussion. Imagine what special effect they hope to have if they can see a popular film like 'Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone' in RealCine.
Do you think watching a Harry Potter film in RealCine is more exciting and interesting than in an ordinary cinema? Why or why not?
After the discussion, ask each group to make an advertisement poster for this imaginary virtual reality film. Then they may make an oral presentation of their advertisements in class. Every student can vote and choose the best one from all the advertisements. If possible, ask them to state their reasons for their choice.
?Organize students into groups of six. Ask them to write an introduction to ReaICine. In the introduction, they may state their own opinions on RealCine.
?Organize students into two groups. Ask them to hold a debate activity.
Those who support virtual reality believe that, with this technology, people can do almost everything, even things that cannot be realized in normal life. We don't need to travel any more or spend so much time with friends any more. Virtual reality can provide any necessary features that we need itl our life. Others insist that, real life and interpersonal communication should never be replaced by imaginary scenes. People should take off the headsets and experience the real life themselves. What do you think of these two opinions? State your reasons.
If time permits, ask students to do Parts A1 and A2 on page 96 in their Workbook, so they will be more familiar with the text and the words and expressions learnt in this part. Or they can do the two exercises after class as homework.
Part F aims at consolidating students'speaking ability. Ask students to read the instructions for Part F and discuss wit their partners the questions closely related to new technology. Encourage students to share their opinions and report their answers to the class.
Ask students first to read Part A and then to do Part B in the Writing section of this unit on page 103 in thei Workbook. The passage in Part A is a sample. After reading it, they will know how to write an article about the future school in Part B.
Summary
Realcine works by making the viewers feel that they are actually in the film. unlike ordinary cinema, RealCine excites all five of people’s senses: sight, hearing, smell, tough, and even taste.VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world and make them work harder to make their dreams come true.Vr can also do something that could never be achieved in real world.RealCine will certainly provide a fantastic opportunity for the film-making industry.
Words and expressions：
3．研析：
词汇
1）extraordinary,
1) adj.（形容词）
非凡的，超出一般或平常的，显著的：
a man of extraordinary strength
一位力气惊人的男子
an extraordinary achievement.
一个非凡的成就
特别的：用于特殊的服务、功能或场合的：
a minister extraordinary； an extraordinary professor.
特派部长；一位特职教授
What an extraordinary idea!
多么离奇的想法!
特别的，临时的，额外的
an extraordinary session
临时会议
It is extraordinary that….------是不平常的
It was extraordinary that he refused our request.
他拒绝了我们的邀请实在是不寻常。
2）character
n.（名词）
1）性质，性格， 特色， 身份；
a determined character 果断的性格；
in his character as father. 以父亲的身份；
2) 字
The characters in Chinese writing look like small pictures.
汉字看起来象是一幅幅小图画。
a Chinese character
一个汉字
3）个性；特色；（事物的）特性
He has a strong but gentle character.
the character of the savanna areas 大草原地方的特色 ；
他有坚强但温柔的性格。
The new buildings have changed the character of the village.
新建筑改变了这个村庄的特点。
4）（书、剧中的）人物
I find all the characters in his new play very real.
我觉得他那出新戏中所有的人物都很真实。
The story has only a few characters.那故事只有几个角色。
相关词组：
in character
相符的：与某人特性或行为相符的：
behavior that was totally in character.
与特性完全相符的行为
out of character
不相符的：与某人特性或行为不相符的：
a response so much out of character that it amazed me.
回答与其性格如此不符，使我感到吃惊
3）set
v.（动词）v.tr.（及物动词）
set， setting， sets
放置：放在指定的地方；放置：
set a book on a table.
在桌上放一本书
使处于某种状态：
set the prisoner at liberty.
给犯人自由
使牢固：放入稳定的位置：
set the fence post into a bed of concrete.
将篱笆桩置于水泥床上
set a broken arm.
接合断臂
set the sails.
扬帆
set an alarm clock.
上闹钟
安排：适当布置以备用：
set a place for a dinner guest; set a table.
为宴会客人安排地方；放置桌子
以…为背景：确定一幕剧的情节展开的特定地点：
a play that is set in Venice.
以威尼斯为背景的剧
创立：
set a world record.
创世界纪录
树立榜样：
A parent must set a good example for the children.
父母必须为孩子树立好榜样
有准备的：
We are set to leave early tomorrow morning.
我们准备明早离开
相关词组：
set about
开始：开始或出发：
set about solving the problem.
着手解决问题
set down
坐：使坐；坐下：
Set the baby down here.
让小孩坐这儿
记录：写下；记录：
We set down the facts.
我们记下事实
认为；看作：
Just set him down as a sneak.
当他是个阴险的人
把…归于：由…引起；把…归于：
Let's set the error down to inexperience.
让我们把错误归于没有经验
着陆：（飞机）着陆：
The pilot set the plane down hard.
飞行员艰难地使飞机着陆
set forth
提出：提出想法；建议：
set forth a sound plan.
提出一个合理的计划
表达：用语言表达：
She has set forth her ideas.
她已经表达出了想法
set off
发生：引起；导致发生：
set off a chemical reaction.
发生化学反应
爆炸：引起爆炸：
set off a bomb.
炸弹爆炸
开始旅程：
set off for Europe.
开始欧洲之旅
set out
着手：开始一个热切的计划；着手：
He set out to understand why the plan had failed.
他开始明白为什么计划失败了
种：
set out seedlings.
种小树
开始旅程：
She set out at dawn for town.
她日出时出发去镇上
set up
建立：
set up a charity.
建立一家慈善机构
set fire to
纵火：点燃或使燃烧
set (one's) heart on
决心做某事
n.（名词）
一套：一组互属并成套使用的同类物品：
a chess set.
一套国际象棋
4）reason
n.（名词）.
原因；理由；动机
The reason she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle.
其原因是,这架飞机又是一辆自行车。理性；理智；道理；判断力
There's a great deal of reason in his advice.
他的忠告极有道理。
"There are reasons for this great interest in the ideas, feelings, and actions of youth."
"对年青人的思想、感情和行动发生这样巨大的兴趣,自有它的道理。"
it stands to reason
合乎道理
listen to reason
服从道理
with reason
有理由；合乎情理
He thinks, with reason, that I don't like him.
他有理由认为我不喜欢他。
vi., vt.
推理；推究
to reason clearly
推理清楚
（与into, out of连用）劝说
to reason a person out of fear
劝人别害怕
（与with连用）与…争辩
5）via, prep.（介词）
经由，途经
to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin
由北京经由天津去上海
通过；凭藉
I sent a message to Mary via her brother.
我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。
6）deliver, v.tr.（及物动词）
递送：带到或运送到适当的地方或接受者；分送：
deliver groceries; deliver the mail.
运送食品；投递邮件
交付：把（某人或某物）交给他人；移交：
delivered the criminal to the police.
把罪犯交给警察
的工人
To throw or hurl:
掷，猛投：
The pitcher delivered the ball.
投手猛一投球
陈述，发言：用言辞表达；发表，讲：
deliver a lecture.
发表演讲
分娩：
She delivered a baby boy this morning.
今天早晨她生了个小男孩
使分娩：给（产妇）接生：
The doctor delivered her of twins.
这个医生为她接生了一对双胞胎
放出，制造；生产：
The oil well delivered only 50 barrels a day.
这口油井每天只产原油五十桶
7）impress, （常与with连用）使（人）印象深刻；使铭记
常用被动语态，不用进行式，常与on连用）使印象深刻
The book impressed a lot of people. 这本书在很多人心中留下深刻印象。
I was deeply impressed by (at, with) his speech. 他的演讲给我留下深刻印象
Impress +n.+ on(upon) + n. (person) =impress +n.(person)+with
I impressed on him the importance of his work.=I impressed him with the importance of his work.
我使他注意他的工作的重要性。
（常与on连用）盖（印）；盖（印）于
impress wax with a seal
把印盖在火漆上
8） announce宣布，宣告：使公开地知道
To proclaim the presence or arrival of:
宣布…的出席，宣布…的到来：
announce a caller.
宣布来访者
To provide an indication of beforehand; foretell:
预示：事先提供暗示；预示：
The invention of the microchip announced a new generation of computers.
微晶片的发明预示了新一代的计算机
To serve as an announcer for:
当…的播音员：
announce a football game on TV.
在电视上给一场足球赛作播音
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To declare one's candidacy:
宣布竞选：宣布某人的候选人身份：
Presidential candidates announce two years in advance of the elections.
在总统选举前两年宣布竞选者
To serve as an announcer.
作播音员
9）force n.
n.（名词）
力，力量
the force of the explosion
爆炸力
You must use force to open that bottle.
你必须用力打开那个瓶子。
The porter had to force the window open every morning.
每天早晨门房只好用力硬把窗户打开。
New emerging forces are invincible.
新生力量是不可战胜的。
暴力
The thief took the money from the old man by force.
小偷用暴力夺走了老人的钱。
〈物〉力
the force of gravity
地心引力
The force of gravity makes things fall to earth.
地心引力使物体落向地面。
威力；势力
the forces of evil
邪恶势力
the forces of nature
自然力
说服力
force of example
榜样的力量
There is force in what he said.
他的话有说服力。
部队；兵力
the police force
警察部队
(pl) 三军武装力量
The air force is one of the armed forces.
空军是武装部队的一种。
in force
大批地
The police were there in force.
大批警察驻守在那儿。
in force
生效；在施行中 (= into force)
join forces (with)
联合；合作
v.tr.（及物动词）
forced， forcing， forces
强迫：通过压力或需迫使：
I forced myself to practice daily. He was forced to take a second job.
我强迫自己每天练习。他被迫要找第二份工作
强行，硬：反对抵制或惯性地运动或影响：
forced my foot into the shoe.
将脚硬塞入鞋中
强加：无情地折磨或强加：
He forced his ideas upon the group.
他把自己的意见强加给别人To put undue strain on:
施加过分的压力：
She forced her voice despite being hoarse.
尽管嗓子已哑，她仍使劲提高嗓音
force (someone's) hand
迫使仓促行动：迫使某人在条件未成熟或不情愿的情况下行动或发言
in force
大批：大批的；大量的：有效的；操作性的
Demonstrators were out in force.
大批示威者上街
a rule that is no longer in force.
不再有效的规则
force， oblige，
Force 最为普遍，通常指力量的使用，尤其是体力上，或指不允许任何替代屈从的环境的进行：
Tear gas forced the fugitives out of their hiding place.
催泪弹气体将逃犯从藏身之处呛了出来。
Lack of funds will eventually force him to look for work.
资金缺乏最终将会迫使他找工作。
Oblige 适用于出于权力、需要、道德或伦理的考虑而被迫屈从：
“Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do” (Mark Twain).
“无论什么样的工作都必须 要做” （马克?吐温）。
10）guide
n.（名词）
领路人，导师，导游，向导
To serve as a guide.
监督…的训练或教育：作为向导
指南
a shopper's guide.，购物指南
A guidebook. 指南，手册
v.（动词）
guided， guiding， guides
v.tr.（及物动词）
带领，为…做向导，
They guided us to the office.
他们带领我们到了办公室。
领导；引导；指导，影响；支配；操纵
Be guided by your feeling.
按你的感觉行事。
引导，指引
guided me to my seat;
带我到我的座位上去；
guide a ship through a channel.
引领轮船通过海峡
v.intr.（不及物动词）
guide, conduct, lead, steer作为动词在一起比较的一般含义是“领”、“导”或“引”。
guide(抽象名词guidance，具体名词guide“向导”)是通用词，可以用于“为别人带路”、“指导别人的学习、品行修养”，它的内涵是避免走弯路或遇到危险
Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world.
数千只灯笼慢慢向大海漂去，给死人返回阴间指明道路。
At the top of the bank my guide paused and looked back at me.
我的向导在河岸上稍停了一下，并且回头看了看我。
He is now studying under the guidance of Professor Green.
他现在正在格林教授的指导下学习。
而conduct(抽象名词conductance“传导力”，具体名词conductor“向导者”，公共汽车等的“售票员”)在表示“指导”、“引导”时含有明显的主从关系，即被引导者不服从是不可以的
The policeman eventually had his hands tied up and conducted him to a shelter.
警察最后把他的双手绑了起来并把他带到一个防空洞。
Do you prefer conducted tours or independent travel?
你是喜欢跟着导游还是喜欢独立地去旅行？
lead(抽象名词leadership“领导”，具体名词leader“领袖”、“领队”)可以表示“领导”、“带路”，但它总含有领导者走在前面，而把被领导者控制在自己的权威之下，或被领导者处于秩序井然的状态中的意思
Our guide led us through a series of caves.
我们的向导带领着我们穿过一个接一个的洞穴。
steer(抽象名词steerage“操纵”，具体名词steersman“舵手”)一般表示“驾驶”、“掌舵”，但常用于比喻，词义引伸后有“操纵”、“指导”的意思。尤其适用于表示“指导着度过难关”的意义
The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her.
卡蒂萨克号向两侧摇晃着，驾驶这只船是不可能的了。
Soon the country will be steered to peace and prosperity.
这个国家很快便会被带入和平与繁荣之境。
词组：
1）pass on
传递；前进，传下来；传给（后代），离去；往前
Let us now pass on to the next subject.
现在让我们看看下一个题目。
2） put forward
提出：提议以供考虑：
put forward a new plan.
提出一个新计划
3）come across
偶然遇到或找到：
came across my old college roommate in town today.
今天在镇上遇到我大学的老同学
给予印象：
“He comes across as a very sincere, religious individual”(William L. Clay)
“他给人的印象是一个很虔诚的、笃实的人”(威廉L.克莱)
4）not only ….but also
一、主要用法：
1、连接主语：
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are found of watching television.
不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。
由于not only A but also B 句式的重点在B上，所以谓语动词一般要与B保持人称和数的一致。
2、连接谓语：
The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.
英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。
注意not only…but also连接的动词一般不重复，这与汉语不同。如汉语说“我不仅懂英语，而且懂俄语”，英语则说“I know not only English but also Russian”，而不说“I not only know English but also know Russian”.再如：“气体不仅改变形状，而且改变体积”，英译为“A gas changes not only in shape but also in volume.”（注意介词常重复）
3、连接宾语：
The problem for the recipient was trying to guess not only who the sender was, but also what his secret feelings might be.
收信人不仅要尽力猜出是谁的，还要猜测寄信人的内心有什么想法。
4、连接表语：
Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also) an actor.
莎士比亚不仅是一位剧作家，而且是一位演员。
5、连接宾语补足语：
Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active.
浅色和鲜艳的颜色不但使人看了高兴，也会使人更加活泼。
6、连接状语：
If your friend reminds you kindly of your faults, take what he says not merely pleasantly but thankfully.
如果你的朋友善意的指明你的缺点，你不但要欣然接受，而且要心怀感激之情。
7、连接从句：
He didn’t let us off the book until we had proved not only that we know what an organism was bur also that we had the fortitude to stand up for the truth.
直到我们证明了我们不仅知道什么是生物体，而且具有坚持真理的不屈不挠的精神时，他这才放过我们。
8、连接定语：
Man has become master not only of the sky but also of the space.
人类不仅征服了太空，而且征服了太空。
9、连接句子
I not only heard it, but (also) I saw it.
我不仅听到、而且看到了它。
Not only…but also连接句子时，not only可以置于句首表示强调，这是第一分句要采用倒装结构。例如：
Not only has he a first-class brain but also he is a tremendously hard worker.
它不仅有着头等的头脑，而且工作很能吃苦。
Not only had the poor man been arrested but he had been sent to prison as well.
这个可怜人不仅被逮捕，而且被投进监狱。
Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs too.
对这件事不仅教授们有自己的看法，学生们也有自己的想法。
10、用于it is…that强调结构：
It is not only the scientist and the physician who need a long special training now, but the computer expert, the accountant, and the business manager.
现在，不仅科学家和医生需要长时期的专门训练，计算机专家、会计师和企业经理也需要这种训练。
二、not only…but的省略及其变体
1、not only…but also中的also可以省略。有人认为该句型所连接的第二部分最高级形容词或它所表示的范围、程度、影响等超过第一部分时，常将also省略。例如：
He was not only a successful writer but (also) the greatest poet of his time.
它不仅是一位成功的作家，而且还是他那个时代最伟大的诗人。
Not only do they suffer less pain than most women in labor, but the town boasts an unusually low rate of infant mortality.
这不仅使她们比大多数的妇女受痛苦，，而且是城市婴儿死亡率大大降低。
2、not only…but also句型一般只可以省略also，但在连接句子时，有时也可见到省略but甚至but also的情形。例如：
Not only was I tired, I was also cold.
我不光困倦，还感到很冷。（省去了but）
Since moisture is needed for rain, dry air in the morning not only allows the spider to get an early start, is also means a dry day.
有了湿度才会下雨，因此，早晨空气干燥不仅使蜘蛛早点开始结网，而且意味着这一天不会下雨。(省去了but)
Not only has she been an excellent wife, she has been a better husband than I’ll never be.
她不仅是一个极其出色的妻子，而且是一个我永远也做不到的好丈夫。(省去了but also)
3、not only…but also的形式比较固定，但也会出现but与also被分开的情形。例如：Not only the mother but the children are also sick.
Not only is his right lung affected but his left lung is also.
4、not only A but also B的替代式常见的还有not only a but B …as well, not only A but B too, not merely A but also B, not just A but also B, not…alone. ..but等。例如：
In jurisprudence it is a well-known principle that justice should not merely be done but should also be seen to be done.
在法理学方面，人所共知的原则是：对受害者不仅应该公正对待，而且应当让人们看到他得到了公正的对待。
Not poets alone, nor artists, nor that superior order of mind which arrogates to itself all refinement, feel this, but dogs and all men.
不仅使人，艺术家以及那些自命不凡、思想杰出的人觉得如此，连狗和普通人也有同感。
三、其他注意事项：
1、“not only A but also B”结构中的A和B通常是同等成分。由于同一成分常常由同一词类的词来担任，所以A 与B 常常也是同一词性，但是，也有A与B属于不同词性的情形。例如：“He is not only very clever, but also a very hard worker, and he likes to do everything well.”（他不但聪明，而且能下功夫。他喜欢把每件事都做得很好。）其中A是形容词，B是名词，但两者均在句中作表语，因此仍是正确的句子。然而，在“He not only plays the piano, but also the violin.”一句中，A是动词，B是名词，不是同一成分，因此语法学家认为此句有点欠妥，至少在书面语中就是如此。如改为“He plays not only the piano, but also the violin.”就无懈可击了，再看下面的例子：
The surprise grant not only enabled Dad to finish A&T, but to graduate first in his class.
这笔意外的奖学金不仅是我的父亲能读完农业和技术学院，而且毕业成绩名列榜首。
2、有人认为，not only…but also 不能用于否定句。汉语中用于否定句中的“不但…而且”在英语中要用as well as表示。如“不但我不想看戏，而且他也不想看戏”可译作“He, as well as I, doesn’t want to see the play. ”不过，这条规则也有例外，请看下面的例子:
Not only don’t I know the population of Nepal, I don’t know where in god’s world it is!
我不但不知道尼泊尔人口，而且连它究竟在哪里也不知道！
这个例句有几个共同点：都是连接否定分句，都是倒装句，都没有用but also。下面一例出自一位美国作家之手，所不同的是not only…but连接的是并列谓语，第一个动词是不定的，第二个动词则是肯定的：
Nonetheless, as he described Mary’s attitudes her accomplishments, he found himself wishing that she cared more about the police side of his life than she seemed to, that she might understand it as intimately, say, as the woman opposite him. But this motion seemed to him so disloyal to Mary that he not only did not articulate it, but at once tried to suppress it.
Notes
1 Upon reaching the top of the mountain, a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement will be experienced.
The preposition upon here means 'at or immediately after the time or occasion of'. The preposition on can also be used to express the same meaning.
Upon/On his arrival in Paris, the famous film star was recognized and surrounded by his fans.
Upon/On hearing of the death of his parents, he cried for hours.
2 Special gloves are also worn so that people and objects in the film can be touched.
Here so that means 'with the aim that', which is used to introduce a clause showing a purpose.
She worked hard so that everything would be ready by 6 o'clock.
So that can also mean 'with the result that', which is used to introduce a clause
showing a result.
Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he had left.
3 To add to the virtual world of RealCine, smells are given out through small openings in the headsets.
Here add to means 'to increase'.
The West Lake adds to the beauty of the city of Hangzhou.
This phrase can also be used like add ...to...
If you add twelve to eighty-five, you get ninety-seven.
4 In scientific studies it has been shown that VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world and make them work harder to make their dreams come true.
Here it refers to the subject clause 'that VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world and ...'
When the subject is a clause, an empty subject it is often used, and the order of the sentence is normally changed.
Compare each pair of sentences as follows:
What she looks like doesn't matter. It doesn't matter what she looks like.
That income tax should be abolished has actually been suggested.
It has actually been suggested that income tax should be abolished.
5 An argument has been put forward that some viewers will be disappointed by RealCine because VR is not real.
Here that is used to introduce an appositive clause 'some viewers will be
disappointed by RealCine because VR is not real.' This clause refers to 'an argument' and that cannot be omitted.
Your belief that things will improve is too optimistic.
Your suggestion that we should pay more attention to our table manners is a good one.
……
语法点津
Passive Voice
英文动词有主动语态 Active Voice 和被动语态 Passive Voice 之分。如果主语是动作或状态的「发出者」，动词就用主动语态；如果主语是动作或状态的「承受者」，动词就用被动语态。
例如：
1. John encouraged Mary.?约翰鼓励玛莉。?
2. Mary was encouraged by John.?玛莉受到约翰鼓励。?
※ 第一句的动词 "encouraged" 是主动语态；第二句的动词
"was encouraged"是被动语态。
动词被动语态的基本形态是：
助动词BE + 及物动词的过去分词(-ed分词)
动词的被动语态通常有六种时、体形式：即一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行体、过去进行体、现在完成体和过去完成体。
1．Simple Present Tense
主动语态： I teach him.
被动语态： He is taught by me.
2． Simple Past Tense
主动语态： I taught him yesterday.
被动语态： He was taught by me yesterday.
3．Present Continuous Tense
主动语态： I am teaching him.
被动语态： He is being taught by me.
4．Past Continuous Tense
主动语态： I was teaching him when you came.
被动语态： He was being taught by me when you came.
5． Present Perfect Tense
主动语态： I have taught him.
被动语态： He has been taught by me.
6． Past Perfect Tense
主动语态： I had taught him before you came.
被动语态： He had been taught by me before you came.
一般将来时 Simple Future Tense 也常常有这种被动语态形式
主动语态： I shall teach him tomorrow.
被动语态： He will be taught by me tomorrow.
动词由主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：
1. 先找出谓语动词；
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week.
→A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.
→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.
→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.
→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.
→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.
→the door must be locked when you leave.
三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。
例：make somebody do something
→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something
→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.
→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.
→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.
→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.
→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike.
→A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh him.
→He can’t be laugh by us.
He listens to the radio every day.
→The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man.
→The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
只要你掌握了以上一些方法，
使用被动语态的一般因由
1. 不易说出动作或状态的「发出者」
例如：
This building was completed in 1980.
* 由谁建成，不易说出。
2. 不便说出动作或状态的「发出者」
例如：
The meeting has been postponed till Friday.
3. 动作或状态的「承受者」比「发出者」更需强调
例如：
A press conference was held last night.
4. 为了修辞
例如：
The teacher loves the students and is loved by them.
态： A book was given him by me.
含有情态动词的被动语态构成：Modal verbs and the passive voice
情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Students will learn how to use modal verbs in the passive voice to express ability, possibility, duty, permission, etc. They are also expected to learn to use modal verbs in the passive voice in the present and the past tenses.
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
Verbs often used in the passive voice
Here students will learn some of the verbs that are often used in the passive voice. And they should know that these verbs function as adjectives.
The teacher may begin this part by asking students to complete some sentences by choosing one of the two words given. The words in bold are the correct answers. For example,
1.The children are getting about the coming holiday. (exciting; excited)
2.Don't you get of arguing about the same thing all the time? (tiring; tired)
3.Joan isn't very good at Physics, so everyone was when she passed the exam.(surprising; surprised)
4.All of us were very last Saturday because our team lost the game.(disappointing; disappointed)
5.It was snowing last night. So everything is with snow this morning.(covering; covered)
6.My parents are quite with my test results. (pleasing; pleased)
7.Both of them are with the arrangement. (satisfying; satisfied)
Ask students why they choose the verb-ed forms but not verb-ing forms.
注：黑体字为答案。
自主演练
A．单项填空
1、It’s said that about a quarter of _______ European can speak _________ foreign language besides their native language.
A the; a B an; the C the; the D 不填；不填
2、I like ________in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A this B either C it D one
3、Do you really believe that Mr. White has blamed us for the accident, especially ________?
A you and me B I and you C you and I D you and me
4、As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, __________.
A the more for life are you equipped
B the more equipped for life you are
C the more life you are equipped for
D you are equipped the more for life
5、American eat ______ as they actually need every day.
A twice as much protein B twice protein as much twice
C twice protein as much D protein as twice much
6、Jason has been preparing carefully for his English examination so that he could be sure of passing it at his first _________.
A purpose B desire C attempt D intention
7、John and I ________ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ________ each other a couple of times before that.
A had been; have been B have been; have been
C had been; had seen D have been; had seen
8、I ________ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time.
A had fallen asleep B have fallen asleep C fell asleep D fall asleep
9、Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _________ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A had considered B has been considering
C considered D is going to consider
10、The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ________by 2006.
A has been completed B has completed
C will have been completed D will have completed
11、The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ________ increased enormously ever since.
A is B was C has been D had been
12、More patients ________ in hospital this year than last year.
A treated B have treated C had been treated D have been treated
13、Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she _________.
A has done B had done C was doing D is doing
14、Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _________ the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A was called B is called C had been called D has been called
15、________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A To wait B Have waited C Having waited D To have waited
16、It is said that Barbara’s sister fell off her bicycle on her way to school, _________ in the left leg.
A seriously damaging B hurting badly
C breaking seriously D badly hurt
17、Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I _______ so much fried chicken just now.
A shouldn’t eat B mustn’t have eaten
C shouldn’t have eaten D mustn’t eat
18、It seems as if the sun ________ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.
A circlesB is circling C has been circling D were circling
19、They must have been enjoying themselves there, otherwise they _________ so long.
A can’t have stayed B wouldn’t have stayed
C needn’t have stayed D couldn’t stay
20、A fast food restaurant is the place ________ ,just as the same suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A which B where C there D what
B．短文填空
The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet（彗星） is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably the southern half of the Earth.
______17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s （大气层） with a massive explosion. About half of the piece is destroyed, but the part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed. Huge waves are created and spread from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African are totally destroyed and millions of people are_______ .
Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes are off in the Andes Mountains. The shock move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, the north won’t for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun won’t be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for A year later, no more than 10 million people remain .
Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs（恐龙） were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in . The dinosaurs couldn’t live
________ the cold climate that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same end
C．词汇题
1、A courier ______ the parcels expected for a long time to our office.
A took B addressed C delivered D gave
2、We were most impressed ________ your efficiency .
A in B on C with D upon
3、The Prime Minister of Great Britain ________ that he would resign.
A announced B predicted C reported D circularized
4、The thief who was on the red coat ________ her to hand over the money.
A let B forced C forbade D fraud
5、There is an _______ film about a highly gifted child whose picture often appeared in the newspaper .
A special B unusual C additional D extraordinary
6、------ I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.
-------There is no _______ for this while you are on duty.
A reason B excuse C cause D explanation
7、I decided to put your name _______ for basketball club secretary.
A on B in C forward D through
8、Pass the book ________ to me when you’ve finished with it.
A out B by C on D over
9、One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ________ in the number of natural disasters.
A result B account C reason D increase
10、No matter what you do, you should put your ________ into it.
A mind B heart C brain D thought
11、There are usually at least two ________ of looking at every question.
A means B directions C views D ways
12、My chest ________ when I make a deep breath, doctor.
A harms B wounds C hurts D injuries
13、I wrote him a letter to show my _________ of his thoughtfulness.
A achievement B agreement C attention D appreciation
14、One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good ________.
A sight B scene C attention D appreciation
15、We have _______ the meeting forward by one week according to the headmaster’s requirement.
A put B look C move D let
D．改错题
We all know the pyramids in Egypt and most of 1. ______
us don’t know the people in Mexico in the old time also 2. ______
built pyramids. They didn’t build them to tombs. The 3. ______
pyramids in Mexico aren’t as high as that in Egypt, but 4 . ______
they are big. Each one pyramid has a wide stairway 5. ______
up to the top. There is nothing inside the pyramids, 6. ______
only earth and stones. Scientists think it takes one 7. ______
thousand men more than ten years build the biggest one. 8. ______
How did he people build the pyramids? Scientists had 9. ______
Studied for years, but no one can say what they did it. 10. ______
E.单句翻译
1.好的传统应该一代一代往下传。(pass on)
2.他的父亲强迫他戒烟。(force sb.to do sth.)
3.这个有着非凡的舞蹈天赋的女孩是我们的班长。(extraordinary)
4.他想通过付额外的薪水来使他的员工留下印象。(impress)
5.如果我有一个生日舞会，我会立刻通知我的朋友。(announce)
6.他今天没来上学的原因是他妈妈病了。(the reason……is that….)
7.我准备递送这只钻戒，因为我知道我无论给谁他都会喜欢。(deliver)
8.我们应该提出一个有效的方法来改善我们的英语学习。(put forward…)
9.每个人都应该通过自己的行为为下一代树立榜样。(set up )
10.他带领我们从一个胜利走向另一个胜利。(guide )
F.书面表达
某英文报“读者来信”专栏正在就高三学生家长是否应该为孩子购置电脑这一话题开展讨论。有赞同的，也有反对的。请你向该报编辑写一封英文信，发表你的观点。
信的开头已写好，你只需接着写。
注意：
1．下面的提示可能会帮助你构思：
A. more information?
improve English?
learning software (学习软件) ?
enjoy oneself?
….
B. computer games
short-sighted
waste of money
fail the exams
…
2．你不必根据上面的提示逐条进行写作，可自由发挥。
3．词数：70以上。
Dear editor,
I'm a student of Senior Three. I think my parents should buy me a computer now.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
多彩世界
训练学生思维，体现创新精神，输入新材料，提高阅读欣赏能力，丰富和超越教材目标。
A.提供或设计与单元话题相关的情景材料，进行说写训练。
Situation 1: …
European Shuttle Prototype Lands Safely
导读：欧洲航空防务与空间公司“凤凰号”航天飞机模型在瑞典成功试飞。
Sun, May 09, 2004
STOCKHOLM, Sweden(瑞典首都-斯德哥尔摩) - An unmanned prototype of a European space shuttle glided safely back to Earth on Saturday after being dropped from nearly 8,000 feet up by a helicopter.
Guided by Global Positioning System satellites(全球定位卫星), the German-designed EADS(欧洲航空防务与空间公司) Phoenix was dropped by a heavy-duty helicopter over Sweden at 9:45 a.m. and "landed perfectly" 90 seconds later on a test runway north of Stockholm, a project spokeswoman said.
"Everyone here is ecstatic," said Johanna Bergstroem-Roos, of the North European Aerospace Test Range in Kiruna, 770 miles north of Stockholm.
"This gives us wind in our sails."
The Phoenix shuttle, along with the Ariane 5 rocket, represents the European Space Agency's hope for sending astronauts into space, but project managers concede a full-size version will not be ready until sometime between 2015 and 2020.
The test flight was originally planned for Friday but was postponed so technicians could finish analyzing data from an earlier test of the vehicle's onboard computers this week.
The next step likely will be to drop the prototype from higher altitudes, with the help of a high-altitude balloon, Bergstroem-Roos said. The finished shuttle must be capable of gliding to land from an altitude of 80 miles, she said.
Situation 2: …As motorways become more and more clogged up with traffic, a new generation of flying cars will be needed to ferry people along skyways.
That is the verdict of engineers from the US space agency and aeronautical firms, who envision future commuters travelling by "skycar".
These could look much like the concept skycar shown in the picture, designed by Boeing research and development.
However, such vehicles could be some 25 years from appearing on the market.
Efforts to build flying vehicles in the past have not been very successful.
Such vehicles would not only be expensive and require the skills of a trained pilot to fly, but there are significant engineering challenges involved in developing them.
"When you try to combine them you get the worst of both worlds: a very heavy, slow, expensive vehicle that's hard to use," said Mark Moore, head of the personal air vehicle (PAV) division of the vehicle systems program at Nasa's Langley Research Center in Hampton, US.
But Boeing is also considering how to police the airways - and prevent total pandemonium - if thousands of flying cars enter the skies.
"The neat, gee-whiz part is thinking about what would the vehicle itself look like," said Dick Paul, a vice president with Phantom Works, Boeing's research and development arm.
"But we're trying to think through all the ramifications of what would it take to deploy a fleet of these."
Past proposals to solve this problem have included artificial intelligence systems to prevent collisions between air traffic.
Nasa is working on flying vehicles with the initial goal of transforming small plane travel.
Small planes are generally costly, loud, require months of training and lots of money to operate, making flying to work impractical for most people.
But within five years, Nasa researchers hope to develop technology for a small plane that can fly out of regional airports, costs less than $100,000 (￡55,725), is as quiet as a motorcycle and as simple to operate as a car.
Although it would not have any road-driving capabilities, it would bring this form of travel within the grasp of a wider section of people. Technology would automate many of the pilot's functions.
This Small Aircraft Transportation System (Sats) would divert pressure away from the "hub-and-spoke" model of air travel.
Hub-and-spoke refers to the typically US model of passengers being processed through large "hub" airports and then on to secondary flights to "spoke" airports near their final destination. 由于高速公路上的交通堵塞情况越来越严重，一种能够载人穿梭在“空中高速路”上的新一代“飞车”将成为需要。
这就是美国国家航空航天局和一些航空公司的工程师们的意见，他们预测未来人类将会乘坐“飞车”旅行。
这些车可能会和图片中见到的波音公司研发中心设计的概念飞车很相像。
然而，这样的交通工具可能需要25年左右的时间才能投放市场。
人类在过去制造飞车的努力一直都不是很成功。
这样的交通工具汽车耗资不菲，而且要求驾驶者具备像训练有素的飞行员一样的驾驶技巧；不仅如此，在研制过程中还面临工程学方面的严峻挑战。
马克?摩尔是美国国家航空航天局兰利研究中心（位于汉普顿）汽车系统项目组“个人空中交通工具（PAV）”小组的负责人，他说：“当你试图将各个方面组合起来时，得到的是一辆最糟糕的车：非常笨重，速度又慢，价格还高，总之驾驶起来很不方便。”
但波音公司同时也在考虑，在上千辆“飞车”进入空中的情况下如何对空中通道进行管理，防止交通陷入彻底的混乱。
波音公司研发部门“幻影工程队”的副总裁迪克?保罗说：“最关键和最精彩的是设计出这种交通工具本身，但是我们也在全力考虑当这样一支车队投入运行后可能出现的所有情况。”
关于如何解决这个问题，以往就有一些建议，包括使用人工智能系统来防止空中交通工具之间发生碰撞。
B.一篇阅读文章。
Gauri Nanda sees a wearable computer as a...handbag -- one that's built out of four-inch squares and triangles of fabric, with tiny computer chips embedded in it.
Assembled together with Velcro that conducts electricity, these pieces form a bag that looks, feels, and weighs like your typical leather purse.
That's where the similarities end: This bag can wirelessly keep tabs on your belongings and remind you, just as you're about to leave the house, to take your wallet. It can review the weather report and suggest that you grab an umbrella -- or your sunshades. This purse can even upload your favorite songs onto your scarf.
Sure, a computing purse and scarf set may seem like the stuff of science fiction. But these devices, part of next generation of wearable computers, could become commonplace within a few years. Unit shipments of such wearable computers -- purses, watches, shirts -- should rise from 261,000 last year to 1.39 million in 2008, according to the tech research firm IDC.
Powering this market are advancements in design and in fabric-embedded electronics. Over the last two years, DuPont (DD ) created new fibers called Aracon, made of Kevlar, that are superstrong, can conduct electricity, and can be woven into ordinary-looking clothes. And chipmaker Infineon (IFX ) developed chip packaging allowing wearable computers to be washed, even in the heavy-duty cycle.
As a result, these new wearables are a far cry from the clunky and downright silly versions of the recent past, which often required users to be wrapped in wires, type on their stomachs, and sport an unseemly display on their foreheads. "Cyborg computing was very clunky, very bulky machines that people didn't want to carry around," says Nanda, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Mass. "Our bags feel and look like bags."
Unlike their predecessors, these new wearable computers also make economic sense. When her bag becomes commercially available in two to three years, Nanda expects it will cost around $150, which is the price of an average leather purse. Only "it's fun, you can rip apart and put together a computer," she says.
Here's how the bag works: You place a special radio-signal-transmitting chip onto your wallet. A similar radio in your purse picks up the signal and notifies you that you've forgotten to take your wallet. In turn, sensors on your purse's handles will notify the computer that you've picked up the purse and are ready to go.
Such unobtrusive, inconspicuous, and fun devices should grab more than 80% of the total wearable computing market by 2008, while cyborgian wearable PCs will remain a niche, says IDC analyst Kevin Burden. Already, these new kinds of wearables are being adopted for use in markets like auto repair, emergency services, medical monitoring -- and even, increasingly, for consumers at large.
Wearables are also slowly making their way into the auto-repair market. A company called Microvision (MVIS ) recently introduced its Nomad head-mounted display. It covers one eye, but it's see-through, allowing auto technicians to examine the innards of a car and check them against on-screen computer drawings at the same time. It comes as a baseball cap clip-on, to be more unobtrusive.
So far, it's a hit: At Jim Fisher Volvo dealership in Portland, Ore., which has been testing the system for about seven months, productivity of technicians went up 10% to 20%, says Service Manager John Prosser. Better yet, customers talking to technicians who are wearing these contraptions also are more likely to agree to repairs, pushing revenue up 15% to 18%. Says Prosser: "This makes [technicians] want to get involved and to cross this bridge of reluctance" in using a new technology.
Indeed, many more people will want to cross that bridge in the coming years -- making for a booming market for wearable computers that don't look like something out of an old Star Trek episode.
最新型的可穿着电脑产品在外观方面与普通衣物几乎没有什么两样，而售价的降低和功能的丰富也许会使它成为未来人类不可或缺的工具之一。
The latest generation of these ever-smarter garments look like ordinary clothes, assembled together with Velcro that conducts electricity, these pieces form a bag that looks, feels, and weighs like your typical leather purse.
你能否想象一台仅仅4英寸大小的电脑？用户可以方便地随身携带，重量与一件普通的皮夹克差不多。它，就是“可穿着式电脑”。最新型的可穿着电脑产品在外观方面与普通衣物几乎没有什么两样，而售价的降低和功能的丰富也许会使它成为未来人类不可或缺的工具之一。
据美国《商业周刊》3月8日报道，这种“小家伙”可以帮助用户通过无线方式与主人的其他财物保持联系，并随时随地提醒用户一些生活细节。当用户离开房间的时候，它会乖巧地提醒主人不要忘记携带钱包；在主人出行时，它会自动查询天气预报，帮助主人做到未雨绸缪；它甚至还可以在主人穿着的围脖中加入喜欢的歌曲。
的确，这些高科技的电脑更多情况下只能出现在科幻小说的情节当中。不过，根据市场调查机构IDC提供的预测数据，下一代“可穿着式电脑”产品在未来几年中将成为市场上的常见商品。IDC预测，这种高科技产品的销量，包括电脑钱包、电脑手表、电脑T恤，将从去年的26万台提高到2008年的139万台。
高科技电脑产品的背后都有着坚实的技术支柱。过去两年中，美国杜邦公司发明了一种新型的纤维材质，名为Aracon。这种材料具有超高强度并可导电，最重要的是，它可以被任意地折叠并制作成衣服。芯片制造商英飞凌（Infineon）公司也开发了一款专门用于可穿着电脑产品的芯片包，这种芯片包可以在衣物电脑被水洗的过程中保护芯片的安全。
与上一代昂贵的可穿着电脑不同，新型产品在售价方面更加廉价。IDC预计，在未来两到三年内，可穿着电脑的平均售价将降至每台150美元。这个价格已接近普通皮夹克的售价，为产品的普及奠定了坚实的基础。
目前，这种产品已被应用于医疗服务领域。美国经营健康产品的Apex公司计划在本月晚些时候，将这种可穿着式电脑应用于帮助用户减肥方面，此款产品可随时计算出用户所消耗的热量并科学地调节减肥者的膳食结构；加州一些医学院及制药公司则将可穿着电脑应用于病人实时监控方面，以便让医生随时观察病人的心跳、血压、呼吸等数据。
随着可穿着电脑产品的广泛应用，也许再过几年电影《星球大战》中描述的那种科学世界将真正来临。
Unit 3
合作探究
main ideas
Para 1 the abstract of the proposal
Para 2----7 how ReaICine works;
why RealCine is better than ordinary cinema;
how it can be used in other ways
Para8 conclusion of the proposal
自主演练
A．单项填空
答案及解析：
1、A the European 表类指；a foreign language为泛指
2、C 在like/ love/ hate it when… 这个结构中，it可以解释为形式宾语，但是与我们所熟悉的it作形式宾语的复合结构不同的是，在它之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语。
3、A 作blame的宾语，所以都应当用宾格形式。
4、B 从所提供的情景the more you learn，并结合所给的选项可以确定这是“the+比较级+陈述句，the+比较级+陈述句”的句型，表示“越……越……”。这句话的意思是：我认为，教育是关于学习的事，你学得越多，你对生活准备得就越充分。
5、A 倍数词+as…as意为“是……多少倍”
6、C purpose目的，意图; desire愿望，请求; attempt尝试; intention意图，意向，目的。从题意“他已经仔细准备了英语考试以确保一次通过考试”可以看出C是正确答案。
7、D 第一空为现在完成时，与一段时间状语连用(for eight years)；第二空：在一次晚会上认识之前就见过，正是“过去的过去”的一个动作，故选 D
8、根据woke（wake的过去式）可以判断，这里谈论的与“现在”无关，因此可排除B和D两项。“I”是在读书期间睡着的(while reading)，而不是在之前睡着的，所以项也不恰当。
9、B 句意：因为Lucy失业了，所以她在考虑重返校园，但她现在还没有决定。根据题意说话者再说现在的情况，因此排除A、C、D三项，B属现在完成进行时，表示现在的事，进行时强调“考虑”这个动作的“未完成性”，所以是最佳答案。
10、C 句意：北京市市长说所有北京奥林匹克建筑将于2006年完成。此题考查英语动词的语态和时态，很显然本题应改用被动语态，因此排除B、D；根据时间状语by 2006，应选择将来完成时，因此选C
11、C 根据even since(从那时，一直到现在），所以应该用现在完成时，排除A、B、D项。
12、D 病人被治疗，又有时间this year，应用现在完成时的被动语态。
13、C 整个句子是基于过去时态，A和D两项为现在时态显然不对。再由句意“Susan决定不在家里，因为她不想让父母知道她正在做什么”可知还没有做完，故C项正确，进行体有未完成性、暂时性的特点。
14、B 现在“this open sea”仍然被称作“the Pacific”，属于客观事实，故用一般现在时。
15、C 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。先排除B项，因为B项是谓语动词形式，不可作状语；A、D两项为不定式形式放在句首时常作目的状语，这显然与本题逻辑上不符。
16、D 句意：据说Barbara的姐姐在上学的路上从自行车上摔了下来，左腿上的很重。首先排除A、C项，因不符合习惯用法。Hurt为及物动词，故应选D这个过去分词短语作结果状语。
17、C just now 是表示过去的时间状语。情态动词在表示过去发生的事时，必须用“情态动词+should+过去分词”的形式。所以只能在选项B或C中确定答案。mustn’t have eaten是一个错误选项，因为“must+动词”表示“禁止”，不表示判断或推断。这句话的意思是：哦，我觉得胃不舒服，我刚刚不该吃那么多炸鸡。
18、D as if 从句所谈的情况与实际情况相反使用虚拟语气。
19、B They must have been enjoying themselves there表示对过去的确有的把握的推测，他们一定在那玩的很高兴。后面是：否则他们就不会待那么长时间了。wouldn’t have stayed这里表示于过去事实相反的虚拟。
20、B 本题中，just as the name suggests是一个插入语，去掉它，重新组合本句：A fast food restaurant is the place where eating is performed quickly.其中eating 是动名词，在从句中作主语，句子结构完整，因此答案只能选B，作状语。全句意思为：顾名思义，快餐店是一个就餐快的地方。
B．短文填空
hit, On, atmosphere, remaining, speed, outwards, coast, drowned, lands, set, waves, destroyed, but, escape, hidden, fall, food, alive, space, through
C．词汇题
1、B. deliver sth to sb/sth 表示递送；传递；交付；运载。
2、C. impress sb with sth/sb 使钦佩，给…留下深刻的好印象
3、A announce 表示宣布、宣告（决定、计划等）
4、B force sb to do sth 表示强迫某人做某事
5、D extraordinary adj.非常的, 特别的, 非凡的, 特派的
6、B 句意：你是当班长的，关于这件事，没有任何借口。
7、C put forward 意为：提名
8、C put sth on to sb 意为：转交；（用后）递给，传给
9、D 句意：我们的地球正在变暖的后果之一就是自然灾害的数量的增加。
10、B put one’s heart into 的意思是“专心致志”
11、D 看问题至少从两个方面
12、C “医生，当我深呼吸的时候，胸口感到疼痛。”比较四个词的词义：harm损害；wound受伤；hurt 刺痛；injury 受伤。hurt作不及物动词时，是“疼痛”的意思。
13、D 比较四个词的词义：achievement成就；agreement赞同； attention注意，专心；appreciation感谢，欣赏。根据句意：对他的关怀表示的应是“谢意”，故选D
14、C 住在高层建筑的顶层的优势之一是能看到好的景色。比较四个词的词义：sight风景名胜、视力；scene一个地区的自然景色或人为的环境；view多只从山上或向窗外远看的景色；look神色、外表。
15、A put sth forward 推迟；句意：根据校长的要求，会议往后推迟了一个星期。
D．改错题
1.and→but 2.time→times 3.to→for 4.that→those 5.去掉one
6. √ 7.takes→took 8.build前加to 9.had→have 10.what→how
E．单句翻译
1.Good customs should be passed on one by one generation.
2.His father forced him to give up smoking.
3. The girl who has an extraordinary dancing talent is our monitor.
4. He wanted to impress his employees by paying them extra money.
5. If I have a birthday party, I will announce it to my friends at once.
6. The reason why he didn’t go to school today is that his mother was ill.
7. I'm going to deliver this diamond ring because I know whoever I'm giving to would like it
8. We should put forward an effective way to improve our English study.
9. Everybody should set up an example to the next generation via his own behavior.
10. He guided us from one success to another.
F.书面表达
Possible version
Dear editor,
I'm a student of Senior Three. I think my parents should buy me a computer now. As we know, computers have been of great use and will be used more and more in our daily life. Beside computers are also helpful in our English learning. There are piles of learning software we can us I don't see anything wrong for us to spend some time playing games. After all, we need something to enjoy ourselves.
One more word, with computers we can get more information and get more knowledge. Don't you agree?
A reader
学习目标
1．词汇： reality, extraordinary, character, interactive, set, upon, feeling, headset, enable, monitor, via, deliver, straw, final, besides, firefighter, burn, battle, whale, ant, fantastic, opportunity, industry, impress, announce, liquid, soap, powder, showcase, employ, accuse, file, popularity, criticize, fade, editor, therefore, voice, opinion, crash, nephew, central, surface, southern, hero, gentle, journey, per, rescue, force, guide, safely.
2．词组、短语：pass on, thousands of, be connected to, put forward, last but not least, set up, in my opinion, come across, not only ….but also.
3．语法、结构：1) The passive voice
2) Modal verbs and the passive voice
3)Verbs often used in the passive voice
4．技能指导 ：
By the end of this unit, students will be able to:
1）read a formal proposal and summaries of three science fiction novels
2） listen to facts and opinions and an interview about computer use
3）Discuss views on technology and interview a classmate
4）Write a proposal for a computer room and a short science fiction story
5）Expand vocabulary related to computer
合作探究
Welcome to the unit
1．导入：The general idea of this period
The pictures and the questions of this part make students take notice of the life in the future. With the rapid development of science and technology, some of our wildest dreams could come true in the future.
Reading
体验：Reading comprehension
The article in this section is a business proposal which introduces a new business idea. Ask students to skim and scan the proposal and try to find answers to the three questions in Part A. Remind students only to focus on the most important information needed to answer these questions. Meanwhile ask students to pay attention to the structure of the passage.
Pay attention to the structure of the article. Organize students into groups of four. Ask them to discuss this article and analyze the structure. Also, students need to conclude what the main idea of each part of the article is.
main ideas
Para 1 ____________________________________________________________
Para 2----7 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Para8 ____________________________________________________________
Activities and discuss
1.After students have worked out the main ideas for the different parts, to further strengthen the comprehension, ask students to answer the following question and fill in the chart according to the proposal.
How can RealCine excite the viewers' five senses?
SenseThings neededEffects in RealCine
sightspecial VR headsetsViewers can see a world of 3D animation all around them.
soundspecial VR headsetsViewers can hear the sounds clearly all around them.
smellsmall opening in the headsetSmells are given out.
toughspecial glovesViewers can tough people and objects in the film.
tastea straw sensorSpecial food and drink chemicals are places into the viewers’mouth.
2. Then check the answers as a class. If time allows, organize a class presentation. Ask students to discuss and use the information in the chart above to give a brief presentation about virtual reality and RealCine.
3. Present the following sentences to students. Ask them to read each one and think about the characteristics of the language used in this article.
I believe you will be amazed by the RealCine experience, and will agree that this is an extraordinary technology that must be developed further.
Viewers will be surprised at how real it feels.
RealCine works by making the viewers feel that they are actually in the film.
I am sure you will agree that RealCine provides a fantastic opportunity for the film-making industry.
Ask students:
As a decision maker, do you think you would finally be persuaded to invest or develop RealCine? Why or why not?
What do you think of the language used tn these sentences?
Tell them that the purpose of a business proposal is to plan or suggest a new idea. The goal is to help the customers or the investors make their decisions. Therefore, clear and persuasive language is often used.
4. Ask students to read the Reading strategy. Tell students that a successful business proposal needs to be objective and that detailed information and convincing facts or examples together with the passive voice are frequently used to achieve this purpose. Therefore, when reading a business proposal, they can focus on these features.
5. Ask students to read the article again and underline the sentences using the passive voice in the passage. Give some explanations why the passive voice is used. This will help students get a better understanding of how to write a proposal.
6. Have students complete Part D. The meanings of the words in Part D should not be difficult for students to identify after they have read through the passage several times. Ask students to refer to the text as they complete Part D. This exercise can help students understand the text better.
7 Draw students' attention to Part E. Part E is a reply to the proposal, which serves as a summary of the article about RealCine. Have students complete it individually first and then check their answers with the whole class.
Post-reading activities
Use the following activities to help students deepen their understanding of RealCine and develop their speaking ability as well.
?Organize students into groups of four. Ask them to hold a group discussion. Imagine what special effect they hope to have if they can see a popular film like 'Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone' in RealCine.
Do you think watching a Harry Potter film in RealCine is more exciting and interesting than in an ordinary cinema? Why or why not?
After the discussion, ask each group to make an advertisement poster for this imaginary virtual reality film. Then they may make an oral presentation of their advertisements in class. Every student can vote and choose the best one from all the advertisements. If possible, ask them to state their reasons for their choice.
?Organize students into groups of six. Ask them to write an introduction to ReaICine. In the introduction, they may state their own opinions on RealCine.
?Organize students into two groups. Ask them to hold a debate activity.
Those who support virtual reality believe that, with this technology, people can do almost everything, even things that cannot be realized in normal life. We don't need to travel any more or spend so much time with friends any more. Virtual reality can provide any necessary features that we need itl our life. Others insist that, real life and interpersonal communication should never be replaced by imaginary scenes. People should take off the headsets and experience the real life themselves. What do you think of these two opinions? State your reasons.
If time permits, ask students to do Parts A1 and A2 on page 96 in their Workbook, so they will be more familiar with the text and the words and expressions learnt in this part. Or they can do the two exercises after class as homework.
Part F aims at consolidating students'speaking ability. Ask students to read the instructions for Part F and discuss wit their partners the questions closely related to new technology. Encourage students to share their opinions and report their answers to the class.
Ask students first to read Part A and then to do Part B in the Writing section of this unit on page 103 in thei Workbook. The passage in Part A is a sample. After reading it, they will know how to write an article about the future school in Part B.
Summary
Realcine works by making the viewers feel that they are actually in the film. unlike ordinary cinema, RealCine excites all five of people’s senses: sight, hearing, smell, tough, and even taste.VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world and make them work harder to make their dreams come true.Vr can also do something that could never be achieved in real world.RealCine will certainly provide a fantastic opportunity for the film-making industry.
Words and expressions：
3．研析：
词汇
1）extraordinary,
1) adj.（形容词）
非凡的，超出一般或平常的，显著的：
a man of extraordinary strength
一位力气惊人的男子
an extraordinary achievement.
一个非凡的成就
特别的：用于特殊的服务、功能或场合的：
a minister extraordinary； an extraordinary professor.
特派部长；一位特职教授
What an extraordinary idea!
多么离奇的想法!
特别的，临时的，额外的
an extraordinary session
临时会议
It is extraordinary that….------是不平常的
It was extraordinary that he refused our request.
他拒绝了我们的邀请实在是不寻常。
2）character
n.（名词）
1）性质，性格， 特色， 身份；
a determined character 果断的性格；
in his character as father. 以父亲的身份；
2) 字
The characters in Chinese writing look like small pictures.
汉字看起来象是一幅幅小图画。
a Chinese character
一个汉字
3）个性；特色；（事物的）特性
He has a strong but gentle character.
the character of the savanna areas 大草原地方的特色 ；
他有坚强但温柔的性格。
The new buildings have changed the character of the village.
新建筑改变了这个村庄的特点。
4）（书、剧中的）人物
I find all the characters in his new play very real.
我觉得他那出新戏中所有的人物都很真实。
The story has only a few characters.那故事只有几个角色。
相关词组：
in character
相符的：与某人特性或行为相符的：
behavior that was totally in character.
与特性完全相符的行为
out of character
不相符的：与某人特性或行为不相符的：
a response so much out of character that it amazed me.
回答与其性格如此不符，使我感到吃惊
3）set
v.（动词）v.tr.（及物动词）
set， setting， sets
放置：放在指定的地方；放置：
set a book on a table.
在桌上放一本书
使处于某种状态：
set the prisoner at liberty.
给犯人自由
使牢固：放入稳定的位置：
set the fence post into a bed of concrete.
将篱笆桩置于水泥床上
set a broken arm.
接合断臂
set the sails.
扬帆
set an alarm clock.
上闹钟
安排：适当布置以备用：
set a place for a dinner guest; set a table.
为宴会客人安排地方；放置桌子
以…为背景：确定一幕剧的情节展开的特定地点：
a play that is set in Venice.
以威尼斯为背景的剧
创立：
set a world record.
创世界纪录
树立榜样：
A parent must set a good example for the children.
父母必须为孩子树立好榜样
有准备的：
We are set to leave early tomorrow morning.
我们准备明早离开
相关词组：
set about
开始：开始或出发：
set about solving the problem.
着手解决问题
set down
坐：使坐；坐下：
Set the baby down here.
让小孩坐这儿
记录：写下；记录：
We set down the facts.
我们记下事实
认为；看作：
Just set him down as a sneak.
当他是个阴险的人
把…归于：由…引起；把…归于：
Let's set the error down to inexperience.
让我们把错误归于没有经验
着陆：（飞机）着陆：
The pilot set the plane down hard.
飞行员艰难地使飞机着陆
set forth
提出：提出想法；建议：
set forth a sound plan.
提出一个合理的计划
表达：用语言表达：
She has set forth her ideas.
她已经表达出了想法
set off
发生：引起；导致发生：
set off a chemical reaction.
发生化学反应
爆炸：引起爆炸：
set off a bomb.
炸弹爆炸
开始旅程：
set off for Europe.
开始欧洲之旅
set out
着手：开始一个热切的计划；着手：
He set out to understand why the plan had failed.
他开始明白为什么计划失败了
种：
set out seedlings.
种小树
开始旅程：
She set out at dawn for town.
她日出时出发去镇上
set up
建立：
set up a charity.
建立一家慈善机构
set fire to
纵火：点燃或使燃烧
set (one's) heart on
决心做某事
n.（名词）
一套：一组互属并成套使用的同类物品：
a chess set.
一套国际象棋
4）reason
n.（名词）.
原因；理由；动机
The reason she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle.
其原因是,这架飞机又是一辆自行车。理性；理智；道理；判断力
There's a great deal of reason in his advice.
他的忠告极有道理。
"There are reasons for this great interest in the ideas, feelings, and actions of youth."
"对年青人的思想、感情和行动发生这样巨大的兴趣,自有它的道理。"
it stands to reason
合乎道理
listen to reason
服从道理
with reason
有理由；合乎情理
He thinks, with reason, that I don't like him.
他有理由认为我不喜欢他。
vi., vt.
推理；推究
to reason clearly
推理清楚
（与into, out of连用）劝说
to reason a person out of fear
劝人别害怕
（与with连用）与…争辩
5）via, prep.（介词）
经由，途经
to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin
由北京经由天津去上海
通过；凭藉
I sent a message to Mary via her brother.
我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。
6）deliver, v.tr.（及物动词）
递送：带到或运送到适当的地方或接受者；分送：
deliver groceries; deliver the mail.
运送食品；投递邮件
交付：把（某人或某物）交给他人；移交：
delivered the criminal to the police.
把罪犯交给警察
的工人
To throw or hurl:
掷，猛投：
The pitcher delivered the ball.
投手猛一投球
陈述，发言：用言辞表达；发表，讲：
deliver a lecture.
发表演讲
分娩：
She delivered a baby boy this morning.
今天早晨她生了个小男孩
使分娩：给（产妇）接生：
The doctor delivered her of twins.
这个医生为她接生了一对双胞胎
放出，制造；生产：
The oil well delivered only 50 barrels a day.
这口油井每天只产原油五十桶
7）impress, （常与with连用）使（人）印象深刻；使铭记
常用被动语态，不用进行式，常与on连用）使印象深刻
The book impressed a lot of people. 这本书在很多人心中留下深刻印象。
I was deeply impressed by (at, with) his speech. 他的演讲给我留下深刻印象
Impress +n.+ on(upon) + n. (person) =impress +n.(person)+with
I impressed on him the importance of his work.=I impressed him with the importance of his work.
我使他注意他的工作的重要性。
（常与on连用）盖（印）；盖（印）于
impress wax with a seal
把印盖在火漆上
8） announce宣布，宣告：使公开地知道
To proclaim the presence or arrival of:
宣布…的出席，宣布…的到来：
announce a caller.
宣布来访者
To provide an indication of beforehand; foretell:
预示：事先提供暗示；预示：
The invention of the microchip announced a new generation of computers.
微晶片的发明预示了新一代的计算机
To serve as an announcer for:
当…的播音员：
announce a football game on TV.
在电视上给一场足球赛作播音
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To declare one's candidacy:
宣布竞选：宣布某人的候选人身份：
Presidential candidates announce two years in advance of the elections.
在总统选举前两年宣布竞选者
To serve as an announcer.
作播音员
9）force n.
n.（名词）
力，力量
the force of the explosion
爆炸力
You must use force to open that bottle.
你必须用力打开那个瓶子。
The porter had to force the window open every morning.
每天早晨门房只好用力硬把窗户打开。
New emerging forces are invincible.
新生力量是不可战胜的。
暴力
The thief took the money from the old man by force.
小偷用暴力夺走了老人的钱。
〈物〉力
the force of gravity
地心引力
The force of gravity makes things fall to earth.
地心引力使物体落向地面。
威力；势力
the forces of evil
邪恶势力
the forces of nature
自然力
说服力
force of example
榜样的力量
There is force in what he said.
他的话有说服力。
部队；兵力
the police force
警察部队
(pl) 三军武装力量
The air force is one of the armed forces.
空军是武装部队的一种。
in force
大批地
The police were there in force.
大批警察驻守在那儿。
in force
生效；在施行中 (= into force)
join forces (with)
联合；合作
v.tr.（及物动词）
forced， forcing， forces
强迫：通过压力或需迫使：
I forced myself to practice daily. He was forced to take a second job.
我强迫自己每天练习。他被迫要找第二份工作
强行，硬：反对抵制或惯性地运动或影响：
forced my foot into the shoe.
将脚硬塞入鞋中
强加：无情地折磨或强加：
He forced his ideas upon the group.
他把自己的意见强加给别人To put undue strain on:
施加过分的压力：
She forced her voice despite being hoarse.
尽管嗓子已哑，她仍使劲提高嗓音
force (someone's) hand
迫使仓促行动：迫使某人在条件未成熟或不情愿的情况下行动或发言
in force
大批：大批的；大量的：有效的；操作性的
Demonstrators were out in force.
大批示威者上街
a rule that is no longer in force.
不再有效的规则
force， oblige，
Force 最为普遍，通常指力量的使用，尤其是体力上，或指不允许任何替代屈从的环境的进行：
Tear gas forced the fugitives out of their hiding place.
催泪弹气体将逃犯从藏身之处呛了出来。
Lack of funds will eventually force him to look for work.
资金缺乏最终将会迫使他找工作。
Oblige 适用于出于权力、需要、道德或伦理的考虑而被迫屈从：
“Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do” (Mark Twain).
“无论什么样的工作都必须 要做” （马克?吐温）。
10）guide
n.（名词）
领路人，导师，导游，向导
To serve as a guide.
监督…的训练或教育：作为向导
指南
a shopper's guide.，购物指南
A guidebook. 指南，手册
v.（动词）
guided， guiding， guides
v.tr.（及物动词）
带领，为…做向导，
They guided us to the office.
他们带领我们到了办公室。
领导；引导；指导，影响；支配；操纵
Be guided by your feeling.
按你的感觉行事。
引导，指引
guided me to my seat;
带我到我的座位上去；
guide a ship through a channel.
引领轮船通过海峡
v.intr.（不及物动词）
guide, conduct, lead, steer作为动词在一起比较的一般含义是“领”、“导”或“引”。
guide(抽象名词guidance，具体名词guide“向导”)是通用词，可以用于“为别人带路”、“指导别人的学习、品行修养”，它的内涵是避免走弯路或遇到危险
Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world.
数千只灯笼慢慢向大海漂去，给死人返回阴间指明道路。
At the top of the bank my guide paused and looked back at me.
我的向导在河岸上稍停了一下，并且回头看了看我。
He is now studying under the guidance of Professor Green.
他现在正在格林教授的指导下学习。
而conduct(抽象名词conductance“传导力”，具体名词conductor“向导者”，公共汽车等的“售票员”)在表示“指导”、“引导”时含有明显的主从关系，即被引导者不服从是不可以的
The policeman eventually had his hands tied up and conducted him to a shelter.
警察最后把他的双手绑了起来并把他带到一个防空洞。
Do you prefer conducted tours or independent travel?
你是喜欢跟着导游还是喜欢独立地去旅行？
lead(抽象名词leadership“领导”，具体名词leader“领袖”、“领队”)可以表示“领导”、“带路”，但它总含有领导者走在前面，而把被领导者控制在自己的权威之下，或被领导者处于秩序井然的状态中的意思
Our guide led us through a series of caves.
我们的向导带领着我们穿过一个接一个的洞穴。
steer(抽象名词steerage“操纵”，具体名词steersman“舵手”)一般表示“驾驶”、“掌舵”，但常用于比喻，词义引伸后有“操纵”、“指导”的意思。尤其适用于表示“指导着度过难关”的意义
The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her.
卡蒂萨克号向两侧摇晃着，驾驶这只船是不可能的了。
Soon the country will be steered to peace and prosperity.
这个国家很快便会被带入和平与繁荣之境。
词组：
1）pass on
传递；前进，传下来；传给（后代），离去；往前
Let us now pass on to the next subject.
现在让我们看看下一个题目。
2） put forward
提出：提议以供考虑：
put forward a new plan.
提出一个新计划
3）come across
偶然遇到或找到：
came across my old college roommate in town today.
今天在镇上遇到我大学的老同学
给予印象：
“He comes across as a very sincere, religious individual”(William L. Clay)
“他给人的印象是一个很虔诚的、笃实的人”(威廉L.克莱)
4）not only ….but also
一、主要用法：
1、连接主语：
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are found of watching television.
不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。
由于not only A but also B 句式的重点在B上，所以谓语动词一般要与B保持人称和数的一致。
2、连接谓语：
The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.
英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。
注意not only…but also连接的动词一般不重复，这与汉语不同。如汉语说“我不仅懂英语，而且懂俄语”，英语则说“I know not only English but also Russian”，而不说“I not only know English but also know Russian”.再如：“气体不仅改变形状，而且改变体积”，英译为“A gas changes not only in shape but also in volume.”（注意介词常重复）
3、连接宾语：
The problem for the recipient was trying to guess not only who the sender was, but also what his secret feelings might be.
收信人不仅要尽力猜出是谁的，还要猜测寄信人的内心有什么想法。
4、连接表语：
Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also) an actor.
莎士比亚不仅是一位剧作家，而且是一位演员。
5、连接宾语补足语：
Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active.
浅色和鲜艳的颜色不但使人看了高兴，也会使人更加活泼。
6、连接状语：
If your friend reminds you kindly of your faults, take what he says not merely pleasantly but thankfully.
如果你的朋友善意的指明你的缺点，你不但要欣然接受，而且要心怀感激之情。
7、连接从句：
He didn’t let us off the book until we had proved not only that we know what an organism was bur also that we had the fortitude to stand up for the truth.
直到我们证明了我们不仅知道什么是生物体，而且具有坚持真理的不屈不挠的精神时，他这才放过我们。
8、连接定语：
Man has become master not only of the sky but also of the space.
人类不仅征服了太空，而且征服了太空。
9、连接句子
I not only heard it, but (also) I saw it.
我不仅听到、而且看到了它。
Not only…but also连接句子时，not only可以置于句首表示强调，这是第一分句要采用倒装结构。例如：
Not only has he a first-class brain but also he is a tremendously hard worker.
它不仅有着头等的头脑，而且工作很能吃苦。
Not only had the poor man been arrested but he had been sent to prison as well.
这个可怜人不仅被逮捕，而且被投进监狱。
Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs too.
对这件事不仅教授们有自己的看法，学生们也有自己的想法。
10、用于it is…that强调结构：
It is not only the scientist and the physician who need a long special training now, but the computer expert, the accountant, and the business manager.
现在，不仅科学家和医生需要长时期的专门训练，计算机专家、会计师和企业经理也需要这种训练。
二、not only…but的省略及其变体
1、not only…but also中的also可以省略。有人认为该句型所连接的第二部分最高级形容词或它所表示的范围、程度、影响等超过第一部分时，常将also省略。例如：
He was not only a successful writer but (also) the greatest poet of his time.
它不仅是一位成功的作家，而且还是他那个时代最伟大的诗人。
Not only do they suffer less pain than most women in labor, but the town boasts an unusually low rate of infant mortality.
这不仅使她们比大多数的妇女受痛苦，，而且是城市婴儿死亡率大大降低。
2、not only…but also句型一般只可以省略also，但在连接句子时，有时也可见到省略but甚至but also的情形。例如：
Not only was I tired, I was also cold.
我不光困倦，还感到很冷。（省去了but）
Since moisture is needed for rain, dry air in the morning not only allows the spider to get an early start, is also means a dry day.
有了湿度才会下雨，因此，早晨空气干燥不仅使蜘蛛早点开始结网，而且意味着这一天不会下雨。(省去了but)
Not only has she been an excellent wife, she has been a better husband than I’ll never be.
她不仅是一个极其出色的妻子，而且是一个我永远也做不到的好丈夫。(省去了but also)
3、not only…but also的形式比较固定，但也会出现but与also被分开的情形。例如：Not only the mother but the children are also sick.
Not only is his right lung affected but his left lung is also.
4、not only A but also B的替代式常见的还有not only a but B …as well, not only A but B too, not merely A but also B, not just A but also B, not…alone. ..but等。例如：
In jurisprudence it is a well-known principle that justice should not merely be done but should also be seen to be done.
在法理学方面，人所共知的原则是：对受害者不仅应该公正对待，而且应当让人们看到他得到了公正的对待。
Not poets alone, nor artists, nor that superior order of mind which arrogates to itself all refinement, feel this, but dogs and all men.
不仅使人，艺术家以及那些自命不凡、思想杰出的人觉得如此，连狗和普通人也有同感。
三、其他注意事项：
1、“not only A but also B”结构中的A和B通常是同等成分。由于同一成分常常由同一词类的词来担任，所以A 与B 常常也是同一词性，但是，也有A与B属于不同词性的情形。例如：“He is not only very clever, but also a very hard worker, and he likes to do everything well.”（他不但聪明，而且能下功夫。他喜欢把每件事都做得很好。）其中A是形容词，B是名词，但两者均在句中作表语，因此仍是正确的句子。然而，在“He not only plays the piano, but also the violin.”一句中，A是动词，B是名词，不是同一成分，因此语法学家认为此句有点欠妥，至少在书面语中就是如此。如改为“He plays not only the piano, but also the violin.”就无懈可击了，再看下面的例子：
The surprise grant not only enabled Dad to finish A&T, but to graduate first in his class.
这笔意外的奖学金不仅是我的父亲能读完农业和技术学院，而且毕业成绩名列榜首。
2、有人认为，not only…but also 不能用于否定句。汉语中用于否定句中的“不但…而且”在英语中要用as well as表示。如“不但我不想看戏，而且他也不想看戏”可译作“He, as well as I, doesn’t want to see the play. ”不过，这条规则也有例外，请看下面的例子:
Not only don’t I know the population of Nepal, I don’t know where in god’s world it is!
我不但不知道尼泊尔人口，而且连它究竟在哪里也不知道！
这个例句有几个共同点：都是连接否定分句，都是倒装句，都没有用but also。下面一例出自一位美国作家之手，所不同的是not only…but连接的是并列谓语，第一个动词是不定的，第二个动词则是肯定的：
Nonetheless, as he described Mary’s attitudes her accomplishments, he found himself wishing that she cared more about the police side of his life than she seemed to, that she might understand it as intimately, say, as the woman opposite him. But this motion seemed to him so disloyal to Mary that he not only did not articulate it, but at once tried to suppress it.
Notes
1 Upon reaching the top of the mountain, a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement will be experienced.
The preposition upon here means 'at or immediately after the time or occasion of'. The preposition on can also be used to express the same meaning.
Upon/On his arrival in Paris, the famous film star was recognized and surrounded by his fans.
Upon/On hearing of the death of his parents, he cried for hours.
2 Special gloves are also worn so that people and objects in the film can be touched.
Here so that means 'with the aim that', which is used to introduce a clause showing a purpose.
She worked hard so that everything would be ready by 6 o'clock.
So that can also mean 'with the result that', which is used to introduce a clause
showing a result.
Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he had left.
3 To add to the virtual world of RealCine, smells are given out through small openings in the headsets.
Here add to means 'to increase'.
The West Lake adds to the beauty of the city of Hangzhou.
This phrase can also be used like add ...to...
If you add twelve to eighty-five, you get ninety-seven.
4 In scientific studies it has been shown that VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world and make them work harder to make their dreams come true.
Here it refers to the subject clause 'that VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world and ...'
When the subject is a clause, an empty subject it is often used, and the order of the sentence is normally changed.
Compare each pair of sentences as follows:
What she looks like doesn't matter. It doesn't matter what she looks like.
That income tax should be abolished has actually been suggested.
It has actually been suggested that income tax should be abolished.
5 An argument has been put forward that some viewers will be disappointed by RealCine because VR is not real.
Here that is used to introduce an appositive clause 'some viewers will be
disappointed by RealCine because VR is not real.' This clause refers to 'an argument' and that cannot be omitted.
Your belief that things will improve is too optimistic.
Your suggestion that we should pay more attention to our table manners is a good one.
……
语法点津
Passive Voice
英文动词有主动语态 Active Voice 和被动语态 Passive Voice 之分。如果主语是动作或状态的「发出者」，动词就用主动语态；如果主语是动作或状态的「承受者」，动词就用被动语态。
例如：
1. John encouraged Mary.?约翰鼓励玛莉。?
2. Mary was encouraged by John.?玛莉受到约翰鼓励。?
※ 第一句的动词 "encouraged" 是主动语态；第二句的动词
"was encouraged"是被动语态。
动词被动语态的基本形态是：
助动词BE + 及物动词的过去分词(-ed分词)
动词的被动语态通常有六种时、体形式：即一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行体、过去进行体、现在完成体和过去完成体。
1．Simple Present Tense
主动语态： I teach him.
被动语态： He is taught by me.
2． Simple Past Tense
主动语态： I taught him yesterday.
被动语态： He was taught by me yesterday.
3．Present Continuous Tense
主动语态： I am teaching him.
被动语态： He is being taught by me.
4．Past Continuous Tense
主动语态： I was teaching him when you came.
被动语态： He was being taught by me when you came.
5． Present Perfect Tense
主动语态： I have taught him.
被动语态： He has been taught by me.
6． Past Perfect Tense
主动语态： I had taught him before you came.
被动语态： He had been taught by me before you came.
一般将来时 Simple Future Tense 也常常有这种被动语态形式
主动语态： I shall teach him tomorrow.
被动语态： He will be taught by me tomorrow.
动词由主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：
1. 先找出谓语动词；
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week.
→A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.
→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.
→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.
→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.
→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.
→the door must be locked when you leave.
三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。
例：make somebody do something
→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something
→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.
→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.
→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.
→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.
→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike.
→A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh him.
→He can’t be laugh by us.
He listens to the radio every day.
→The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man.
→The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
只要你掌握了以上一些方法，
使用被动语态的一般因由
1. 不易说出动作或状态的「发出者」
例如：
This building was completed in 1980.
* 由谁建成，不易说出。
2. 不便说出动作或状态的「发出者」
例如：
The meeting has been postponed till Friday.
3. 动作或状态的「承受者」比「发出者」更需强调
例如：
A press conference was held last night.
4. 为了修辞
例如：
The teacher loves the students and is loved by them.
态： A book was given him by me.
含有情态动词的被动语态构成：Modal verbs and the passive voice
情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Students will learn how to use modal verbs in the passive voice to express ability, possibility, duty, permission, etc. They are also expected to learn to use modal verbs in the passive voice in the present and the past tenses.
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
Verbs often used in the passive voice
Here students will learn some of the verbs that are often used in the passive voice. And they should know that these verbs function as adjectives.
The teacher may begin this part by asking students to complete some sentences by choosing one of the two words given. The words in bold are the correct answers. For example,
1.The children are getting about the coming holiday. (exciting; excited)
2.Don't you get of arguing about the same thing all the time? (tiring; tired)
3.Joan isn't very good at Physics, so everyone was when she passed the exam.(surprising; surprised)
4.All of us were very last Saturday because our team lost the game.(disappointing; disappointed)
5.It was snowing last night. So everything is with snow this morning.(covering; covered)
6.My parents are quite with my test results. (pleasing; pleased)
7.Both of them are with the arrangement. (satisfying; satisfied)
Ask students why they choose the verb-ed forms but not verb-ing forms.
注：黑体字为答案。
自主演练
A．单项填空
1、It’s said that about a quarter of _______ European can speak _________ foreign language besides their native language.
A the; a B an; the C the; the D 不填；不填
2、I like ________in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A this B either C it D one
3、Do you really believe that Mr. White has blamed us for the accident, especially ________?
A you and me B I and you C you and I D you and me
4、As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, __________.
A the more for life are you equipped
B the more equipped for life you are
C the more life you are equipped for
D you are equipped the more for life
5、American eat ______ as they actually need every day.
A twice as much protein B twice protein as much twice
C twice protein as much D protein as twice much
6、Jason has been preparing carefully for his English examination so that he could be sure of passing it at his first _________.
A purpose B desire C attempt D intention
7、John and I ________ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ________ each other a couple of times before that.
A had been; have been B have been; have been
C had been; had seen D have been; had seen
8、I ________ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time.
A had fallen asleep B have fallen asleep C fell asleep D fall asleep
9、Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _________ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A had considered B has been considering
C considered D is going to consider
10、The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ________by 2006.
A has been completed B has completed
C will have been completed D will have completed
11、The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ________ increased enormously ever since.
A is B was C has been D had been
12、More patients ________ in hospital this year than last year.
A treated B have treated C had been treated D have been treated
13、Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she _________.
A has done B had done C was doing D is doing
14、Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _________ the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A was called B is called C had been called D has been called
15、________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A To wait B Have waited C Having waited D To have waited
16、It is said that Barbara’s sister fell off her bicycle on her way to school, _________ in the left leg.
A seriously damaging B hurting badly
C breaking seriously D badly hurt
17、Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I _______ so much fried chicken just now.
A shouldn’t eat B mustn’t have eaten
C shouldn’t have eaten D mustn’t eat
18、It seems as if the sun ________ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.
A circlesB is circling C has been circling D were circling
19、They must have been enjoying themselves there, otherwise they _________ so long.
A can’t have stayed B wouldn’t have stayed
C needn’t have stayed D couldn’t stay
20、A fast food restaurant is the place ________ ,just as the same suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A which B where C there D what
B．短文填空
The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet（彗星） is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably the southern half of the Earth.
______17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s （大气层） with a massive explosion. About half of the piece is destroyed, but the part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed. Huge waves are created and spread from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African are totally destroyed and millions of people are_______ .
Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes are off in the Andes Mountains. The shock move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, the north won’t for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun won’t be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for A year later, no more than 10 million people remain .
Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs（恐龙） were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in . The dinosaurs couldn’t live
________ the cold climate that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same end
C．词汇题
1、A courier ______ the parcels expected for a long time to our office.
A took B addressed C delivered D gave
2、We were most impressed ________ your efficiency .
A in B on C with D upon
3、The Prime Minister of Great Britain ________ that he would resign.
A announced B predicted C reported D circularized
4、The thief who was on the red coat ________ her to hand over the money.
A let B forced C forbade D fraud
5、There is an _______ film about a highly gifted child whose picture often appeared in the newspaper .
A special B unusual C additional D extraordinary
6、------ I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.
-------There is no _______ for this while you are on duty.
A reason B excuse C cause D explanation
7、I decided to put your name _______ for basketball club secretary.
A on B in C forward D through
8、Pass the book ________ to me when you’ve finished with it.
A out B by C on D over
9、One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ________ in the number of natural disasters.
A result B account C reason D increase
10、No matter what you do, you should put your ________ into it.
A mind B heart C brain D thought
11、There are usually at least two ________ of looking at every question.
A means B directions C views D ways
12、My chest ________ when I make a deep breath, doctor.
A harms B wounds C hurts D injuries
13、I wrote him a letter to show my _________ of his thoughtfulness.
A achievement B agreement C attention D appreciation
14、One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good ________.
A sight B scene C attention D appreciation
15、We have _______ the meeting forward by one week according to the headmaster’s requirement.
A put B look C move D let
D．改错题
We all know the pyramids in Egypt and most of 1. ______
us don’t know the people in Mexico in the old time also 2. ______
built pyramids. They didn’t build them to tombs. The 3. ______
pyramids in Mexico aren’t as high as that in Egypt, but 4 . ______
they are big. Each one pyramid has a wide stairway 5. ______
up to the top. There is nothing inside the pyramids, 6. ______
only earth and stones. Scientists think it takes one 7. ______
thousand men more than ten years build the biggest one. 8. ______
How did he people build the pyramids? Scientists had 9. ______
Studied for years, but no one can say what they did it. 10. ______
E.单句翻译
1.好的传统应该一代一代往下传。(pass on)
2.他的父亲强迫他戒烟。(force sb.to do sth.)
3.这个有着非凡的舞蹈天赋的女孩是我们的班长。(extraordinary)
4.他想通过付额外的薪水来使他的员工留下印象。(impress)
5.如果我有一个生日舞会，我会立刻通知我的朋友。(announce)
6.他今天没来上学的原因是他妈妈病了。(the reason……is that….)
7.我准备递送这只钻戒，因为我知道我无论给谁他都会喜欢。(deliver)
8.我们应该提出一个有效的方法来改善我们的英语学习。(put forward…)
9.每个人都应该通过自己的行为为下一代树立榜样。(set up )
10.他带领我们从一个胜利走向另一个胜利。(guide )
F.书面表达
某英文报“读者来信”专栏正在就高三学生家长是否应该为孩子购置电脑这一话题开展讨论。有赞同的，也有反对的。请你向该报编辑写一封英文信，发表你的观点。
信的开头已写好，你只需接着写。
注意：
1．下面的提示可能会帮助你构思：
A. more information?
improve English?
learning software (学习软件) ?
enjoy oneself?
….
B. computer games
short-sighted
waste of money
fail the exams
…
2．你不必根据上面的提示逐条进行写作，可自由发挥。
3．词数：70以上。
Dear editor,
I'm a student of Senior Three. I think my parents should buy me a computer now.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
多彩世界
训练学生思维，体现创新精神，输入新材料，提高阅读欣赏能力，丰富和超越教材目标。
A.提供或设计与单元话题相关的情景材料，进行说写训练。
Situation 1: …
European Shuttle Prototype Lands Safely
导读：欧洲航空防务与空间公司“凤凰号”航天飞机模型在瑞典成功试飞。
Sun, May 09, 2004
STOCKHOLM, Sweden(瑞典首都-斯德哥尔摩) - An unmanned prototype of a European space shuttle glided safely back to Earth on Saturday after being dropped from nearly 8,000 feet up by a helicopter.
Guided by Global Positioning System satellites(全球定位卫星), the German-designed EADS(欧洲航空防务与空间公司) Phoenix was dropped by a heavy-duty helicopter over Sweden at 9:45 a.m. and "landed perfectly" 90 seconds later on a test runway north of Stockholm, a project spokeswoman said.
"Everyone here is ecstatic," said Johanna Bergstroem-Roos, of the North European Aerospace Test Range in Kiruna, 770 miles north of Stockholm.
"This gives us wind in our sails."
The Phoenix shuttle, along with the Ariane 5 rocket, represents the European Space Agency's hope for sending astronauts into space, but project managers concede a full-size version will not be ready until sometime between 2015 and 2020.
The test flight was originally planned for Friday but was postponed so technicians could finish analyzing data from an earlier test of the vehicle's onboard computers this week.
The next step likely will be to drop the prototype from higher altitudes, with the help of a high-altitude balloon, Bergstroem-Roos said. The finished shuttle must be capable of gliding to land from an altitude of 80 miles, she said.
Situation 2: …As motorways become more and more clogged up with traffic, a new generation of flying cars will be needed to ferry people along skyways.
That is the verdict of engineers from the US space agency and aeronautical firms, who envision future commuters travelling by "skycar".
These could look much like the concept skycar shown in the picture, designed by Boeing research and development.
However, such vehicles could be some 25 years from appearing on the market.
Efforts to build flying vehicles in the past have not been very successful.
Such vehicles would not only be expensive and require the skills of a trained pilot to fly, but there are significant engineering challenges involved in developing them.
"When you try to combine them you get the worst of both worlds: a very heavy, slow, expensive vehicle that's hard to use," said Mark Moore, head of the personal air vehicle (PAV) division of the vehicle systems program at Nasa's Langley Research Center in Hampton, US.
But Boeing is also considering how to police the airways - and prevent total pandemonium - if thousands of flying cars enter the skies.
"The neat, gee-whiz part is thinking about what would the vehicle itself look like," said Dick Paul, a vice president with Phantom Works, Boeing's research and development arm.
"But we're trying to think through all the ramifications of what would it take to deploy a fleet of these."
Past proposals to solve this problem have included artificial intelligence systems to prevent collisions between air traffic.
Nasa is working on flying vehicles with the initial goal of transforming small plane travel.
Small planes are generally costly, loud, require months of training and lots of money to operate, making flying to work impractical for most people.
But within five years, Nasa researchers hope to develop technology for a small plane that can fly out of regional airports, costs less than $100,000 (￡55,725), is as quiet as a motorcycle and as simple to operate as a car.
Although it would not have any road-driving capabilities, it would bring this form of travel within the grasp of a wider section of people. Technology would automate many of the pilot's functions.
This Small Aircraft Transportation System (Sats) would divert pressure away from the "hub-and-spoke" model of air travel.
Hub-and-spoke refers to the typically US model of passengers being processed through large "hub" airports and then on to secondary flights to "spoke" airports near their final destination. 由于高速公路上的交通堵塞情况越来越严重，一种能够载人穿梭在“空中高速路”上的新一代“飞车”将成为需要。
这就是美国国家航空航天局和一些航空公司的工程师们的意见，他们预测未来人类将会乘坐“飞车”旅行。
这些车可能会和图片中见到的波音公司研发中心设计的概念飞车很相像。
然而，这样的交通工具可能需要25年左右的时间才能投放市场。
人类在过去制造飞车的努力一直都不是很成功。
这样的交通工具汽车耗资不菲，而且要求驾驶者具备像训练有素的飞行员一样的驾驶技巧；不仅如此，在研制过程中还面临工程学方面的严峻挑战。
马克?摩尔是美国国家航空航天局兰利研究中心（位于汉普顿）汽车系统项目组“个人空中交通工具（PAV）”小组的负责人，他说：“当你试图将各个方面组合起来时，得到的是一辆最糟糕的车：非常笨重，速度又慢，价格还高，总之驾驶起来很不方便。”
但波音公司同时也在考虑，在上千辆“飞车”进入空中的情况下如何对空中通道进行管理，防止交通陷入彻底的混乱。
波音公司研发部门“幻影工程队”的副总裁迪克?保罗说：“最关键和最精彩的是设计出这种交通工具本身，但是我们也在全力考虑当这样一支车队投入运行后可能出现的所有情况。”
关于如何解决这个问题，以往就有一些建议，包括使用人工智能系统来防止空中交通工具之间发生碰撞。
B.一篇阅读文章。
Gauri Nanda sees a wearable computer as a...handbag -- one that's built out of four-inch squares and triangles of fabric, with tiny computer chips embedded in it.
Assembled together with Velcro that conducts electricity, these pieces form a bag that looks, feels, and weighs like your typical leather purse.
That's where the similarities end: This bag can wirelessly keep tabs on your belongings and remind you, just as you're about to leave the house, to take your wallet. It can review the weather report and suggest that you grab an umbrella -- or your sunshades. This purse can even upload your favorite songs onto your scarf.
Sure, a computing purse and scarf set may seem like the stuff of science fiction. But these devices, part of next generation of wearable computers, could become commonplace within a few years. Unit shipments of such wearable computers -- purses, watches, shirts -- should rise from 261,000 last year to 1.39 million in 2008, according to the tech research firm IDC.
Powering this market are advancements in design and in fabric-embedded electronics. Over the last two years, DuPont (DD ) created new fibers called Aracon, made of Kevlar, that are superstrong, can conduct electricity, and can be woven into ordinary-looking clothes. And chipmaker Infineon (IFX ) developed chip packaging allowing wearable computers to be washed, even in the heavy-duty cycle.
As a result, these new wearables are a far cry from the clunky and downright silly versions of the recent past, which often required users to be wrapped in wires, type on their stomachs, and sport an unseemly display on their foreheads. "Cyborg computing was very clunky, very bulky machines that people didn't want to carry around," says Nanda, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Mass. "Our bags feel and look like bags."
Unlike their predecessors, these new wearable computers also make economic sense. When her bag becomes commercially available in two to three years, Nanda expects it will cost around $150, which is the price of an average leather purse. Only "it's fun, you can rip apart and put together a computer," she says.
Here's how the bag works: You place a special radio-signal-transmitting chip onto your wallet. A similar radio in your purse picks up the signal and notifies you that you've forgotten to take your wallet. In turn, sensors on your purse's handles will notify the computer that you've picked up the purse and are ready to go.
Such unobtrusive, inconspicuous, and fun devices should grab more than 80% of the total wearable computing market by 2008, while cyborgian wearable PCs will remain a niche, says IDC analyst Kevin Burden. Already, these new kinds of wearables are being adopted for use in markets like auto repair, emergency services, medical monitoring -- and even, increasingly, for consumers at large.
Wearables are also slowly making their way into the auto-repair market. A company called Microvision (MVIS ) recently introduced its Nomad head-mounted display. It covers one eye, but it's see-through, allowing auto technicians to examine the innards of a car and check them against on-screen computer drawings at the same time. It comes as a baseball cap clip-on, to be more unobtrusive.
So far, it's a hit: At Jim Fisher Volvo dealership in Portland, Ore., which has been testing the system for about seven months, productivity of technicians went up 10% to 20%, says Service Manager John Prosser. Better yet, customers talking to technicians who are wearing these contraptions also are more likely to agree to repairs, pushing revenue up 15% to 18%. Says Prosser: "This makes [technicians] want to get involved and to cross this bridge of reluctance" in using a new technology.
Indeed, many more people will want to cross that bridge in the coming years -- making for a booming market for wearable computers that don't look like something out of an old Star Trek episode.
最新型的可穿着电脑产品在外观方面与普通衣物几乎没有什么两样，而售价的降低和功能的丰富也许会使它成为未来人类不可或缺的工具之一。
The latest generation of these ever-smarter garments look like ordinary clothes, assembled together with Velcro that conducts electricity, these pieces form a bag that looks, feels, and weighs like your typical leather purse.
你能否想象一台仅仅4英寸大小的电脑？用户可以方便地随身携带，重量与一件普通的皮夹克差不多。它，就是“可穿着式电脑”。最新型的可穿着电脑产品在外观方面与普通衣物几乎没有什么两样，而售价的降低和功能的丰富也许会使它成为未来人类不可或缺的工具之一。
据美国《商业周刊》3月8日报道，这种“小家伙”可以帮助用户通过无线方式与主人的其他财物保持联系，并随时随地提醒用户一些生活细节。当用户离开房间的时候，它会乖巧地提醒主人不要忘记携带钱包；在主人出行时，它会自动查询天气预报，帮助主人做到未雨绸缪；它甚至还可以在主人穿着的围脖中加入喜欢的歌曲。
的确，这些高科技的电脑更多情况下只能出现在科幻小说的情节当中。不过，根据市场调查机构IDC提供的预测数据，下一代“可穿着式电脑”产品在未来几年中将成为市场上的常见商品。IDC预测，这种高科技产品的销量，包括电脑钱包、电脑手表、电脑T恤，将从去年的26万台提高到2008年的139万台。
高科技电脑产品的背后都有着坚实的技术支柱。过去两年中，美国杜邦公司发明了一种新型的纤维材质，名为Aracon。这种材料具有超高强度并可导电，最重要的是，它可以被任意地折叠并制作成衣服。芯片制造商英飞凌（Infineon）公司也开发了一款专门用于可穿着电脑产品的芯片包，这种芯片包可以在衣物电脑被水洗的过程中保护芯片的安全。
与上一代昂贵的可穿着电脑不同，新型产品在售价方面更加廉价。IDC预计，在未来两到三年内，可穿着电脑的平均售价将降至每台150美元。这个价格已接近普通皮夹克的售价，为产品的普及奠定了坚实的基础。
目前，这种产品已被应用于医疗服务领域。美国经营健康产品的Apex公司计划在本月晚些时候，将这种可穿着式电脑应用于帮助用户减肥方面，此款产品可随时计算出用户所消耗的热量并科学地调节减肥者的膳食结构；加州一些医学院及制药公司则将可穿着电脑应用于病人实时监控方面，以便让医生随时观察病人的心跳、血压、呼吸等数据。
随着可穿着电脑产品的广泛应用，也许再过几年电影《星球大战》中描述的那种科学世界将真正来临。
Unit 3
合作探究
main ideas
Para 1 the abstract of the proposal
Para 2----7 how ReaICine works;
why RealCine is better than ordinary cinema;
how it can be used in other ways
Para8 conclusion of the proposal
自主演练
A．单项填空
答案及解析：
1、A the European 表类指；a foreign language为泛指
2、C 在like/ love/ hate it when… 这个结构中，it可以解释为形式宾语，但是与我们所熟悉的it作形式宾语的复合结构不同的是，在它之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语。
3、A 作blame的宾语，所以都应当用宾格形式。
4、B 从所提供的情景the more you learn，并结合所给的选项可以确定这是“the+比较级+陈述句，the+比较级+陈述句”的句型，表示“越……越……”。这句话的意思是：我认为，教育是关于学习的事，你学得越多，你对生活准备得就越充分。
5、A 倍数词+as…as意为“是……多少倍”
6、C purpose目的，意图; desire愿望，请求; attempt尝试; intention意图，意向，目的。从题意“他已经仔细准备了英语考试以确保一次通过考试”可以看出C是正确答案。
7、D 第一空为现在完成时，与一段时间状语连用(for eight years)；第二空：在一次晚会上认识之前就见过，正是“过去的过去”的一个动作，故选 D
8、根据woke（wake的过去式）可以判断，这里谈论的与“现在”无关，因此可排除B和D两项。“I”是在读书期间睡着的(while reading)，而不是在之前睡着的，所以项也不恰当。
9、B 句意：因为Lucy失业了，所以她在考虑重返校园，但她现在还没有决定。根据题意说话者再说现在的情况，因此排除A、C、D三项，B属现在完成进行时，表示现在的事，进行时强调“考虑”这个动作的“未完成性”，所以是最佳答案。
10、C 句意：北京市市长说所有北京奥林匹克建筑将于2006年完成。此题考查英语动词的语态和时态，很显然本题应改用被动语态，因此排除B、D；根据时间状语by 2006，应选择将来完成时，因此选C
11、C 根据even since(从那时，一直到现在），所以应该用现在完成时，排除A、B、D项。
12、D 病人被治疗，又有时间this year，应用现在完成时的被动语态。
13、C 整个句子是基于过去时态，A和D两项为现在时态显然不对。再由句意“Susan决定不在家里，因为她不想让父母知道她正在做什么”可知还没有做完，故C项正确，进行体有未完成性、暂时性的特点。
14、B 现在“this open sea”仍然被称作“the Pacific”，属于客观事实，故用一般现在时。
15、C 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。先排除B项，因为B项是谓语动词形式，不可作状语；A、D两项为不定式形式放在句首时常作目的状语，这显然与本题逻辑上不符。
16、D 句意：据说Barbara的姐姐在上学的路上从自行车上摔了下来，左腿上的很重。首先排除A、C项，因不符合习惯用法。Hurt为及物动词，故应选D这个过去分词短语作结果状语。
17、C just now 是表示过去的时间状语。情态动词在表示过去发生的事时，必须用“情态动词+should+过去分词”的形式。所以只能在选项B或C中确定答案。mustn’t have eaten是一个错误选项，因为“must+动词”表示“禁止”，不表示判断或推断。这句话的意思是：哦，我觉得胃不舒服，我刚刚不该吃那么多炸鸡。
18、D as if 从句所谈的情况与实际情况相反使用虚拟语气。
19、B They must have been enjoying themselves there表示对过去的确有的把握的推测，他们一定在那玩的很高兴。后面是：否则他们就不会待那么长时间了。wouldn’t have stayed这里表示于过去事实相反的虚拟。
20、B 本题中，just as the name suggests是一个插入语，去掉它，重新组合本句：A fast food restaurant is the place where eating is performed quickly.其中eating 是动名词，在从句中作主语，句子结构完整，因此答案只能选B，作状语。全句意思为：顾名思义，快餐店是一个就餐快的地方。
B．短文填空
hit, On, atmosphere, remaining, speed, outwards, coast, drowned, lands, set, waves, destroyed, but, escape, hidden, fall, food, alive, space, through
C．词汇题
1、B. deliver sth to sb/sth 表示递送；传递；交付；运载。
2、C. impress sb with sth/sb 使钦佩，给…留下深刻的好印象
3、A announce 表示宣布、宣告（决定、计划等）
4、B force sb to do sth 表示强迫某人做某事
5、D extraordinary adj.非常的, 特别的, 非凡的, 特派的
6、B 句意：你是当班长的，关于这件事，没有任何借口。
7、C put forward 意为：提名
8、C put sth on to sb 意为：转交；（用后）递给，传给
9、D 句意：我们的地球正在变暖的后果之一就是自然灾害的数量的增加。
10、B put one’s heart into 的意思是“专心致志”
11、D 看问题至少从两个方面
12、C “医生，当我深呼吸的时候，胸口感到疼痛。”比较四个词的词义：harm损害；wound受伤；hurt 刺痛；injury 受伤。hurt作不及物动词时，是“疼痛”的意思。
13、D 比较四个词的词义：achievement成就；agreement赞同； attention注意，专心；appreciation感谢，欣赏。根据句意：对他的关怀表示的应是“谢意”，故选D
14、C 住在高层建筑的顶层的优势之一是能看到好的景色。比较四个词的词义：sight风景名胜、视力；scene一个地区的自然景色或人为的环境；view多只从山上或向窗外远看的景色；look神色、外表。
15、A put sth forward 推迟；句意：根据校长的要求，会议往后推迟了一个星期。
D．改错题
1.and→but 2.time→times 3.to→for 4.that→those 5.去掉one
6. √ 7.takes→took 8.build前加to 9.had→have 10.what→how
E．单句翻译
1.Good customs should be passed on one by one generation.
2.His father forced him to give up smoking.
3. The girl who has an extraordinary dancing talent is our monitor.
4. He wanted to impress his employees by paying them extra money.
5. If I have a birthday party, I will announce it to my friends at once.
6. The reason why he didn’t go to school today is that his mother was ill.
7. I'm going to deliver this diamond ring because I know whoever I'm giving to would like it
8. We should put forward an effective way to improve our English study.
9. Everybody should set up an example to the next generation via his own behavior.
10. He guided us from one success to another.
F.书面表达
Possible version
Dear editor,
I'm a student of Senior Three. I think my parents should buy me a computer now. As we know, computers have been of great use and will be used more and more in our daily life. Beside computers are also helpful in our English learning. There are piles of learning software we can us I don't see anything wrong for us to spend some time playing games. After all, we need something to enjoy ourselves.
One more word, with computers we can get more information and get more knowledge. Don't you agree?
A reader
