M
虚拟语气
一、回顾上单元的if虚拟语气,请填表格:
If 从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实相反
虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：
1. If you _________ (listen) to the teacher carefully yesterday, you __________ (know) how to answer this question now.
2．If you_________(come) and attended the meeting yesterday, you __________ (know ) what we are doing now.
3．If you ___________ (follow) my advice, you ___________ (be) in trouble now.
★ 以上虚拟语气叫做错综条件虚拟语气，因为假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照它所表示的时间而定。
1. If I were you, I would give it up = __________________________________
2.If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
= ___________________________________________________________
3.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.
= ______________________________________________
4.If there should be a flood, what should we do = ____________________________
★以上虚拟语气是if省略的倒装句型。should，were，had三个助动词提至句首。
★虚拟语气特殊句型：
________________________________. 我希望和你一样高。
________________________________. 他希望他没讲那样的话。
________________________________. 我希望明下雨就好了。
①wish / if only/as if 现在：__________ 过去：____________ 未来：__________
I would rather you _______ (pay) me now.
I would rather you ___________ (go) yesterday.
Don’t come. I would rather you _________(come) tomorrow.
②would rather that 现在/未来：___________ 过去：___________
你该走了。It’s high time that __________________________
我们该去睡觉了。It’s time _____________________________
③It’s (about/high) time +that ______________
The guard at gate insisted that everybody _______(obey)the rules.
He insisted that she______(be)seriously ill and that ______(send) to hospitals at once.
He suggested that we_________(have) a meeting at once.
His pale face suggested that he________(be) ill.
④表示要求、命令、建议的词，即1.insist （坚决要求）、demand、require、 request 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose ,recommend这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should +v，或者将should省略。●以上动词相应的名词构成的从句也要使用虚拟语气。1.demand, request, reqirement 2.order, command 3.advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation,
It is important that we _____________ (master) a foreign language.
It is strange that she ____________ (refuse) to come to the party.
It’s necessary that we ____________ (study) hard.
⑤It’s necessary /strange/ important + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形
二、本单元的学习重点：含蓄条件句
or, otherwise（否则） / with, without, but for（若非，倘若没有，要不是）代替if 从句来表示隐含的虚拟语气。
Without examinations，students today _____________(live) a much happier life.
I was busy yesterday, or/otherwise I ______________(come) to help you.
将下列含蓄条件句改成if 条件虚拟
Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
= _______________________________________________
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
= _______________________________________________
But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.
= _____________________________________________
I am too busy now, otherwise I would help you clean the house.
= ________________________________________________
They got two tickets; otherwise they wouldn’t have been able to go to Canada.
= _______________________________________________________
▲ He ________________(succeed), but he was too careless.
动词填空：
1．Doctor Zhang, I can’t thank you enough, because without your help, I ___________(not survive) the accident. (wouldn’t have survived)
2. We’re going to have a picnic tomorrow. If only it _____(stop) raining !(would stop )
3. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _________(be) there.(had been )
4.I lost your address, otherwise I _______(visit) you long before. (would have visited)
5. Would you have told him the answer, if possible?
Yes, I would have, but I ___________(be) very busy. (was)
6. They urged that the library ___________(keep) open during the vacation. (should be kept )
7.I forget where I read the article, or I _________(show) it to you now.(would show)
8. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____( not fall) in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(hadn’t fallen)
9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ___(break).(were broken)
10. But for the help you gave me, I _______________________(not pass) the examinations.(wouldn’t have passed)
练习
1.Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.
A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be
2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been
C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been
3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.
A. should call B. should not have been able
C. were not able D. are not able
4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.
A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get
5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.
A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were
7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ______our chairman now.
A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be
8. __________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
9. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice
A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed
10. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in the past five years.
A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won
11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been
12. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d_________ there by now.
A. be B. have been C. were D. been
13. I wish I ___________ with her in the future.
A. would be B. am C. was D. were
14. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.
A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone
15. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .
A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened
C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself
16. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.
A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the
C.wrote some compositions of his or her D.had written any compositions for his
17. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been
18. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.
A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
19. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.
A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do
20. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.
A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm
21. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________.
A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved
C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved
22. ________ she ________ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.
A. If, didn’t leave B. Had, not left C. Hadn’t, left D. Didn’t, leave
23. It is time that the government ____measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking
24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ________ all diplomas from elementary school to university.
A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have
25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
26. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told
27. I had hoped that John _______ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend
28. It’s high time they____________ this road.
A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend
29. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.
A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take
30. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ .
A. should fall behind B. fell behind
C. may fall behind D. would fall behind
31. In the past men generally preferred that their wives______________ in the home.
A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working
32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____ psychologically ready for the new idea.
A. is B. were C. be D. would be
33. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.
A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited
34. It was essential that we ______ lease (租约)before the end of the month.
A. sign B. signed C. had signed D. were signing
35. I advised that the sick child ________ a hospital as soon as possible.
A. should send to B. should be sent
C. be sent to D. must be sent to
36. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ be 20 percent.
A. be raised B. would be raised C. raised D. raise
37. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ________ the rules.
A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey
38. My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of
good to her. A. takes B. must take C. take D. took
39. If only I ________ driving before.
A. learn B. learned C. had learned D. would learn
40. Five minutes earlier, and we ____________ the last bus.
A． had caught B. should have caught C. could have caught D. caught
41. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him.
A. would have telephoned B.must have telephoned
C.would telephone D. had telephoned
42. It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have been made.
A. is not started B. will not be started
C. not be started D.is not to be started
43. From what you have said, it is clear that UNICEF wouldn’t be so popular it not done so much for children.
A. if B. had C. should D. were
44. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. ________________.”
A. He’d better give up drinking.
B.He shouldn’t have drunk so much.
C.Health is more important than drink.
D. I wonder why he is always doing so.
45. “Mary looks hot and dry.” “So ________ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do B. are C. will D.would
46. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give D. If he gave up
47. “I’ve told everyone about it.” “Oh, I’d rather you __________.”
A. don’t B. hadn’t C. didn’t D. wouldn’t
1 ~ 20: ABABC DDBCA BAAAC AADDB
21 ~ 40: CBBCC ACBBA CCBAC ABCCC
41 47. ACBDD BB
虚拟语气
一、回顾上单元的if虚拟语气,请填表格:
If 从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实相反
虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：
1. If you _________ (listen) to the teacher carefully yesterday, you __________ (know) how to answer this question now.
2．If you_________(come) and attended the meeting yesterday, you __________ (know ) what we are doing now.
3．If you ___________ (follow) my advice, you ___________ (be) in trouble now.
★ 以上虚拟语气叫做错综条件虚拟语气，因为假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照它所表示的时间而定。
1. If I were you, I would give it up = __________________________________
2.If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
= ___________________________________________________________
3.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.
= ______________________________________________
4.If there should be a flood, what should we do = ____________________________
★以上虚拟语气是if省略的倒装句型。should，were，had三个助动词提至句首。
★虚拟语气特殊句型：
________________________________. 我希望和你一样高。
________________________________. 他希望他没讲那样的话。
________________________________. 我希望明下雨就好了。
①wish / if only/as if 现在：__________ 过去：____________ 未来：__________
I would rather you _______ (pay) me now.
I would rather you ___________ (go) yesterday.
Don’t come. I would rather you _________(come) tomorrow.
②would rather that 现在/未来：___________ 过去：___________
你该走了。It’s high time that __________________________
我们该去睡觉了。It’s time _____________________________
③It’s (about/high) time +that ______________
The guard at gate insisted that everybody _______(obey)the rules.
He insisted that she______(be)seriously ill and that ______(send) to hospitals at once.
He suggested that we_________(have) a meeting at once.
His pale face suggested that he________(be) ill.
④表示要求、命令、建议的词，即1.insist （坚决要求）、demand、require、 request 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose ,recommend这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should +v，或者将should省略。●以上动词相应的名词构成的从句也要使用虚拟语气。1.demand, request, reqirement 2.order, command 3.advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation,
It is important that we _____________ (master) a foreign language.
It is strange that she ____________ (refuse) to come to the party.
It’s necessary that we ____________ (study) hard.
⑤It’s necessary /strange/ important + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形
二、本单元的学习重点：含蓄条件句
or, otherwise（否则） / with, without, but for（若非，倘若没有，要不是）代替if 从句来表示隐含的虚拟语气。
Without examinations，students today _____________(live) a much happier life.
I was busy yesterday, or/otherwise I ______________(come) to help you.
将下列含蓄条件句改成if 条件虚拟
Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
= _______________________________________________
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
= _______________________________________________
But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.
= _____________________________________________
I am too busy now, otherwise I would help you clean the house.
= ________________________________________________
They got two tickets; otherwise they wouldn’t have been able to go to Canada.
= _______________________________________________________
▲ He ________________(succeed), but he was too careless.
动词填空：
1．Doctor Zhang, I can’t thank you enough, because without your help, I ___________(not survive) the accident. (wouldn’t have survived)
2. We’re going to have a picnic tomorrow. If only it _____(stop) raining !(would stop )
3. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _________(be) there.(had been )
4.I lost your address, otherwise I _______(visit) you long before. (would have visited)
5. Would you have told him the answer, if possible?
Yes, I would have, but I ___________(be) very busy. (was)
6. They urged that the library ___________(keep) open during the vacation. (should be kept )
7.I forget where I read the article, or I _________(show) it to you now.(would show)
8. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____( not fall) in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(hadn’t fallen)
9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ___(break).(were broken)
10. But for the help you gave me, I _______________________(not pass) the examinations.(wouldn’t have passed)
练习
1.Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.
A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be
2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been
C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been
3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.
A. should call B. should not have been able
C. were not able D. are not able
4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.
A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get
5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.
A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were
7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ______our chairman now.
A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be
8. __________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
9. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice
A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed
10. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in the past five years.
A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won
11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been
12. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d_________ there by now.
A. be B. have been C. were D. been
13. I wish I ___________ with her in the future.
A. would be B. am C. was D. were
14. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.
A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone
15. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .
A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened
C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself
16. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.
A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the
C.wrote some compositions of his or her D.had written any compositions for his
17. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been
18. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.
A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
19. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.
A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do
20. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.
A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm
21. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________.
A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved
C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved
22. ________ she ________ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.
A. If, didn’t leave B. Had, not left C. Hadn’t, left D. Didn’t, leave
23. It is time that the government ____measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking
24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ________ all diplomas from elementary school to university.
A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have
25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
26. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told
27. I had hoped that John _______ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend
28. It’s high time they____________ this road.
A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend
29. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.
A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take
30. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ .
A. should fall behind B. fell behind
C. may fall behind D. would fall behind
31. In the past men generally preferred that their wives______________ in the home.
A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working
32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____ psychologically ready for the new idea.
A. is B. were C. be D. would be
33. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.
A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited
34. It was essential that we ______ lease (租约)before the end of the month.
A. sign B. signed C. had signed D. were signing
35. I advised that the sick child ________ a hospital as soon as possible.
A. should send to B. should be sent
C. be sent to D. must be sent to
36. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ be 20 percent.
A. be raised B. would be raised C. raised D. raise
37. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ________ the rules.
A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey
38. My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of
good to her. A. takes B. must take C. take D. took
39. If only I ________ driving before.
A. learn B. learned C. had learned D. would learn
40. Five minutes earlier, and we ____________ the last bus.
A． had caught B. should have caught C. could have caught D. caught
41. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him.
A. would have telephoned B.must have telephoned
C.would telephone D. had telephoned
42. It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have been made.
A. is not started B. will not be started
C. not be started D.is not to be started
43. From what you have said, it is clear that UNICEF wouldn’t be so popular it not done so much for children.
A. if B. had C. should D. were
44. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. ________________.”
A. He’d better give up drinking.
B.He shouldn’t have drunk so much.
C.Health is more important than drink.
D. I wonder why he is always doing so.
45. “Mary looks hot and dry.” “So ________ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do B. are C. will D.would
46. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give D. If he gave up
47. “I’ve told everyone about it.” “Oh, I’d rather you __________.”
A. don’t B. hadn’t C. didn’t D. wouldn’t
1 ~ 20: ABABC DDBCA BAAAC AADDB
21 ~ 40: CBBCC ACBBA CCBAC ABCCC
41 47. ACBDD BB
