八年级英语下册Units 9―10语法词汇重点（精选3篇）
八年级英语下册Units 9―10语法词汇重点 篇1
period seven (八年级下units 5―8)一、大纲要求
词汇单词与短语flower, against, chance, tonight, window, improve, collect, pair, since, raise, several, thousand, mind, perhaps, return, voice, allow, smoke, suggestion, receive, asleep, open, instead, instead of, rather than, interested, besides
重点句型if you go to the party, you’ll have a great time. i am interested in the writer job.for a foreigner like me, the more i learn about chinese story, the more i enjoy living in china.would you mind turning down the music?why don’t you get her a scarf?what a lucky guy!
二、重点解析
单词与短语
1. happen
happen v. 意为“发生”。用法如下：
(1) sth. happen to sb. 意为“某人出了什么事”。 eg:
an accident happened to her the day before yesterday. 前天她出了一场车祸。
(2) happen to do sth. 意为“碰巧做某事”。 eg:
i happened to see him in the park. 我碰巧在公园里看见了他。
[注] happen多指偶然发生的事情；而take place多指事情是有计划的。两者都属于不及物动词,不能用于被动语态。 eg:
the accident happened at about 9:00. 事故发生在9点左右。
the meeting will take place tomorrow. 会议将明天举行。
2. pair
pair 意为“一对，一双”，修饰名词时用a pair of。“a pair of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语
动词要用单数形式。若表示两/三/几双（对）时，要用two/three/several pairs of。它作主语
时，谓语动词用复数形式。 eg:
i wear a pair of glasses. 我戴着一幅眼镜。
there are two pairs of shoes under the bed. 床下面有两双鞋。
[注] pair 前面有时可以用指示代词this, that, these和those来修饰。 eg:
that pair of trousers costs me 200 yuan. 那条裤子花了我200元。
3. room
room 既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，作可数名词时指“房间”，作不可数名词时
指“空间”。 eg:
she’s in the next room. 她在隔壁房间。
there isn’t room to put the table. 没有空间放桌子。
4. receive
receive 意为“接到，收到”，常指“（客观上）接到，收到”。accept意为“接受，接纳”，表示同意或愿意接受，常指“（主观上）接受”。 eg:
he received a letter. 他接到了一封来信。
i accepted the invitation. 我接受了邀请。 （准备去）
she received the present, but she didn’t accept it. 她接到了礼物，但是没有接受它。
5. instead
(1) instead是副词，意为“代替，顶替”。 eg:
if we can’t go to qinhuangdao, we’ll go to chengde.
如果我们不能去秦皇岛，我们就去承德。
(2) instead of是介词短语，后可跟名词、代词、动名词，表示前者替代了后者，但两者必须是相同的成分。 eg:
he will go instead of me. 他将替我去。
we will visit the museum instead of going skating tomorrow.
明天我们要去参观博物馆而不去滑冰。
6. rather then
rather than.是连词，其前后所连的词性是一致的，意为“与其……不如……，不是……而
是……”，有时还可用instead of代替。 eg:
i think i will have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想喝冷饮，不想喝咖啡。
he is writing a letter rather than (=instead of) watching tv. 他在写信而不是在看电视。
the sweater is comfortable rather than pretty. 这件毛衣与其说好看，不如说舒服。
词语辨析
1. since & for
since和for都可用于现在完成时和现在完成进行时中，表示一段时间，since既可接时间
点，强调动作的起点，也可接时间状语从句，而for后接时间段。 eg:
her mother has been working in the company since 10 years ago.
她母亲从XX年前就一直在这个公司工作。
where have you been since i last saw you? 自从我上次见到你以后，你到哪儿去了？
the boy has been playing tennis for five years. 这个男孩打网球已经5年了。
[注] since作连词时，还可表原因，意为“因为，既然”。 eg:
since we’re party members, we should set a good example to others.
既然我们是党员，我们就应该给别人做个好榜样。
2. maybe, perhaps, possibly & probably
maybe, perhaps 和probably三个词都表示“可能”，都是副词。但maybe (=perhaps)是普通用语，常用于口语。perhaps表示“或许，大概”，是较正式用语。possibly 表示“大概，也许”，常与may, must连用，表示可能性小或不确切。probably (=most likely)表示“大概，也许”，可能性较大，比较肯定。 eg:
―are you coming to the party? 你来参加舞会吗？
―maybe, i don’t know yet. 也许会来，不过现在还说不定。
perhaps it will rain in the afternoon. 下午也许会下雨。 （也许不下）
could you possibly take care of my dog while i’m away? 我不在时，你能照顾我的狗吗？
he will probably succeed. 他很有可能会成功。
3. besides & except
except 意为“除了……，除去……”，表示除外的部分不包括在内。而besides意为“除了……还有”，表示除外的部分还包括在内。 eg:
she likes physics besides english. 除了英语，她还喜欢物理。 (喜欢英语和物理)
everyone except jim went to the park. 除了吉姆以外大家都去公园了。（吉姆没去）
4. pay for, spend, take & cost
pay for, spend, take和cost 都有“花费”的意思。但pay for和spend 的主语是人，而take的主语通常是形式主语it, cost的主语是物。常用句型为：sb pay some money for sth. sb spend some money (in) doing sth/ on sth. it takes sb some time to do sth. sth cost sb some money. eg:
he paid 20 yuan for the book. 买这本书他花了20元。
he spent 100 yuan in buying the ticket/ on the ticket. 买这张票他花了100元。
the t-shirt cost him 80 yuan. 这件t恤花了他80元。
it took the workers ten years to complete the project.
工人们用了XX年的时间完成了这项工程。
句型
1. if you go to the party, you’ll have a great time. 如果你去参加聚会，你会玩得很开心的！
if 意思是“如果，假如”，引导条件状语从句。在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时态，从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 eg:
if it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a sports meeting.
假如明天不下雨的话，我们就举行运动会。
i’ll tell him as soon as i see him. 我一见到他就告诉他。
i won’t stop shouting until you let me go. 你不放我走我就一直喊叫。
[注] if还可引导宾语从句，意思是“是否”，宾语从句的谓语动词要根据主句谓语动词的时态而变化。 eg:
i don’t know if my sister will telephone me. 我不知道姐姐是否会给我打电话。
2. by the way, what’s your hobby? 顺便问一下，你的爱好是什么？
way 可以和不同的介词构成短语，意思不同。 eg:
by the way 顺便问一下，顺便说一声 on the/ one’s way to… 在……的路上
in the/ one’s way 挡住某人的路 eg:
by the way, when will the train leave? 顺便问一下，这次列车什么时候出发？
don’t stand in my way. 不要挡我的路。
on his way to school, he picked up a wallet. 在去上学的路上，他捡到了一个钱包。
3. i am interested in the writer job. 我对写作工作感兴趣。
(1) interested是形容词，意为“感兴趣的,关心的”，通常作表语，作表语时常用人作主语。
be/ become interested in 意为“对……感兴趣”。 eg:
she is interested in english. 她对英语感兴趣。
(2) interesting 也是形容词，意为“有趣的，引起兴趣的”，可作定语，也可作表语，作表
语时，常用物作主语。 eg:
his brother gave him an interesting book. 他哥哥送给了他一本有趣的书。
the story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
(3) interest可作名词，意为“兴趣”；也可作动词，意为“引起……关注，
使……感兴趣“。
edison took an interest in science when he was young.
爱迪生从小就对科学感兴趣。
the book doesn’t interest me. 这本书不能引起我的注意。
4. i didn’t finish writing my test because i ran out of time.
我没能完成考试题，因为我用完了时间。
finish v. 意思是“完成，结束”，后可跟名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语。也可用作不及物动词。 eg:
i have finished school. 我已经毕业了。
she finished reading the book last night. 她昨晚读完了那本书。
this term finishes next week. 这学期下周结束。
[注]后可接v-ing形式的动词还有：enjoy, mind, keep 等。 eg:
i enjoy living in shanghai. 我喜欢住在上海。
don’t keep him waiting too long. 别让他等得太久。
5. for a foreigner like me, the more i learn about chinese story, the more i enjoy living in china.
对于像我这样的外国人来说，了解的中国历史越多，越喜欢在中国生活。
“the+比较级+主语+谓语，the+比较级+主语+谓语”意为“越……，越……”。 eg:
the more you read, the more you’ll understand. 你读的书越多，你懂的就越多。
the more you eat, the fatter you get. 你吃得越多就越胖。
6. ―would you mind turning down the music? 你介意把音乐关小点吗？
― no, not at all. 一点也不介意。
would/ do you mind…? (你介意……吗？请你……好不好？) 的用法有：
(1) would you mind doing sth? 用来客气地提出请求。 eg:
would/ do you mind closing the door? 关上门你介意吗？
(2) would you mind+ sb’s doing sth? 用来提问询问，征求对方的意见（在非正式文体中，
doing前的所有格可换为宾格）。 eg:
would/ do you mind my/ me having a rest? 我休息一会儿你介意吗？
(3) 在回答mind的问题时如表示“同意”，要用no, not at all. /certainly not. /sure not./ of
course not. 如果表示反对，要用yes, you’d better not. 或sorry. 表示“介意，你最好
别……”。 eg:
―would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我开一下窗户吗？
―no, not at all. 不介意。
―would you mind not putting your bike here? 你介意不把你的自行车放在这里吗？
―sure not. 不介意。
7. even if you are with your friends, it is better to keep your voice down in public places.
即使你和朋友在一起，在公共场所放低音量也是比较好的。
it’s better/ best to do sth. 意为“最好做某事”。 eg:
it’s better to take some medicine when you are ill. 生病时，最好吃点药。
it’s best to go by bus. 最好坐公共汽车去。
8. why don’t you get her a scarf? 为什么不给她买一条围巾？
(1) why don’t you…表示提出建议，意为“为什么不……”这一句型还可以表示为“why not+
动词原形……？”。 eg:
why don’t you come to school earlier?
=why not come to school earlier?
你为什么不早点儿来学校呢？
(2) get 在这里意为“买”，相当于buy。get sb. sth. =get sth. for sb., 类似的用法还有buy/ make/ cook sth. for sb. eg:
i’m hungry please get something for me to eat. 我饿了，请去给我弄点吃的。
his father bought a new bike for him. 他爸爸给他买了一辆新自行车。
my mother has cooked dinner for us. 妈妈已经给我们做好晚饭了。
[注] 动词give, pass, bring, show 等常在间接宾语前用介词to。 eg:
she passed the letter to me. 她把信转交给了我。
she showed her new coat to me. 她给我看了看她的新上衣。
could you give it to me? 你把它给我好吗？
9. what a lucky guy! 多幸运的家伙啊！
这是一个感叹句，也可表示为：how lucky the guy is! how修饰形容词、副词。what 修饰
名词。感叹句的几种基本结构：
(1) what+ a/ an+形容词+单数可数名词+其它！
(2) what+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+其它！
(3) how+形容词/副词+其它！ eg:
what an interesting story! 多么有趣的故事啊！
what good news it is! 多么好的消息啊！
how carefully she does her homework! 她做作业多么认真啊！
10. maybe you could even make friends with a native speaker of english.
也许你可以同一个以英语为母语的人交上朋友。
friend n. 朋友 它可以组成以下短语：
(1) be friends with 与……要好 eg:
lily is friends with mary. 莉莉和玛丽很要好。
(2) make friends with 与……做朋友 eg:
i made friends with her. 我与她结为朋友。
[注] (1) (2) 词组中friend要用复数形式。
三、巩固练习
1. before we will finish the olympic park.
a. build b. built c. building d. to build (北京)
2. frank a film if he’s free next saturday.
a. see b. saw c. has seen d. will see (北京)
3. you look really cool in the new dress, dear. how much did you it?
a. ask for b. pay for c. think about d. find out (山东)
4. ―tom is six and he is his sister jane. how old is jane?
―three.
a. twice as old as b. two years older than
c. three years younger than d. as old as (山东)
5. long the bridge is! let me drive you over it.
a. what b. what a c. how d. how a (江苏)
6. they have been in this city three years ago.
a. for b. about c. since (长沙)
7. ―look! this sweater is beautiful.
― ?
a. why not trying it on b. why not try on it
c. why not try it on d. why not trying on it (陕西)
8. ―tell him about the news when he , john.
―yes, i will.
a. comes b. will come d. would come d. is coming (河北)
9. ―i’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
―oh, not at all. i here for only a few minutes.
a. have been b. had been c. was d. will be (浙江)
10. they since the factory opened.
a. had worked here b. have worked here c. worked here (哈尔滨)
11. hard work it is to plant so many trees around the lake!
a. what a b. what c. what on d. how (福建)
12. ― there _____for me in the bus?
―no, it’s crowded.
a. is, a room b. are, any room c. are, rooms d. is, any room (福建)
13. important job it is!
a. what a b. what an c. how d. how an (甘肃)
14. this book is very and i am _____ in it.
a. interest… interest b. interesting… interested
c. interested…interesting d. interested…interested (甘肃)
15. i’ll go to the zoo if it tomorrow.
a. doesn’t rain b. will rain c. rains d. won’t rain (甘肃)
16. lucky people they are!
a. what b. what a c. what d. how (湖南)
17. how the song “two butterflies” sounds! most of the young like the words more than the music.
a. softly b. sweet c. famous d. beautifully (内蒙古)
18. i’m doing my homework would you please turn your radio a little?
a. up b. down c. off (四川)
19. ―can you do it by yourself?
― .
a. no problem b. very well c. it doesn’t matter d. you’re welcome (浙江)
20. ―can i help you?
―i’d like for my twin daughters.
a. two pair of shoes b. two pairs of shoe
c. two pair of shoe d. two pairs of shoes (湖北)
21. ―it’s too hot. would you mind my the window?
― . do it as you like, please!
a. to open, ok b. opening, certainly not
c. closing, of course d. open, good idea
22. ―could you tell me what you think about hainan?
―oh, if you get a chance there, take it.
a. going b. gone c. go d. to go (海南)
23. why do you put the rubbish here? it smells terrible, it away, please.
a. bring b. take c. hold (太原)
24. he didn’t help me. , he laughed at me.
a. instead b. but c. so (青海)
八年级英语下册Units 9―10语法词汇重点 篇2
period eight (八年级下units 9―10) 一、大纲要求
词汇
单词
neither, boat, especially, travel, discover, wonderful, population, dumpling, brave, spring, whenever, awake, umbrella, noon, goodbye, cow, cost, baby, holiday重点句型have you ever been to an amusement park?this means that you can find disney characters all over the roller coaster. tell me about yourself.so do i. 二、重点解析单词1. population (1) population 是集体名词，它作主语时，若指一个地区或国家的整体人口时谓语动词通常用单数；若强调整体人口中的成员时，谓语动词通常用复数。 eg: the population of nanjing is smaller than that of shanghai. 南京的人口比上海少。 about two fifths of the population here are farmers. 这儿大约2/5的人口是农民。 (2) 在询问人口时，注意population和people的区别，前者用what来提问，后者用how many 来提问。 eg: what’s the population of hebei province? 河北省的人口是多少？ how many people are there in hebei province? 河北省有多少人？ (3) 表达人口多少时要用large和small来修饰，不能用many, more和few修饰。 eg: china has a larger population than japan. 中国的人口比日本多。2. neither (1) neither常用作代词，意为“两者都不”。 eg: neither of us can understand. 我们俩谁也不能理解。 neither was very interesting. 两者都没有多大意思。 (2) 它还可用作形容词，意为“（两者）都不”，常在句中作定语。 eg: neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。 [注]neither作主语时，应看作是单数形式；neither所修饰的名词也应用单数形式。(3) neither 用在倒装句中表示“前者所说的内容也适合于后者”，意为“也不”。 eg: he doesn’t like beethoven and neither do i. 他不喜欢贝多芬的作品，我也不喜欢。词语辨析neither, none, either, both & all
表示肯定意义
表示否定意义
表示两个人或事物
both
neither
表示三个或三个以上的人或事物
all
none
both意为“两者都”；either意为“两者中的任何一个”；neither表示“两者中任何一个也不”。none意为“三个或三个以上一个也不”，all指“三个或三个以上都……”。(1) 用作形容词时，neither, either修饰单数名词，both修饰复数名词，all可以修饰复数名词，也可以指不可数名词。 eg:
neither story is true. 两个故事都不真实。
you may take either road. 你可以走两条路中的任何一条。
both pens are red. 两支钢笔都是红色的。
all the water was poured. 所有的水都泼出去了。
(2) 用作代词时，neither/either常被看作单数，而both应看作是复数；all根据不同的情况可以看作是单数或复数。 eg:
neither is mine. 两个都不是我的。
both of us are teachers. 我们两个都是老师。
all of us are here. 我们所有的人都在这儿。
(3) neither/none表示完全否定；而both/all和否定词not连用时，表示的是不完全否定意义。
eg: neither of you is right. 你们两个都不对。
both of you are not right. 你们两个并非都对。
重点句型
1. have you ever been to an amusement park? 你曾经去过游乐园？
have been to 意为“去过某地”。 have gone to 指“去了某地，但未回来”。 eg:
she has never been to beijing. 她从来没去过北京。
―where is your deskmate? 你同桌去哪儿了？
―he has gone to the bookshop? 他去书店了。
2. this means that you can find disney characters all over the roller coaster.
这意味着在所有的过山车里你都能够看到迪斯尼人物。
mean是及物动词，意为“意思是……，意味着……”。 eg:
what does the word “argue” mean? “argue” 这个单词意思是什么？
it means that he won’t come again. 这意味着他再也不会回来了。
[注]mean的名词形式为meaning. eg:
what’s the meaning of life? 生命的意义是什么？
3. tell me about yourself. 给我讲讲你的情况。
动词tell的用法：
(1) tell sb. about sb. /sth. 意为“告诉某人有关某人/某事”。 eg:
could you tell me about your work? 你能告诉我你的工作情况吗？
(2) 后接单宾语，意为“讲述、说、告诉”，该宾语通常是事物。 eg:
my mother like telling jokes. 我妈妈喜欢讲笑话。
(3) 后接双宾语，即人和事物，表示“讲述、说、告诉”。 eg:
she has told me the thing. 她已经告诉我这件事了。
(4) tell sb. (not) to do sth. 意为“吩咐/命令某人（不）做某事”。 eg:
tell him to wait. 叫他等一等。
(5) 它常与can, could, be able to 连用，意为“辨别，分辨”。 eg:
i can’t tell tom from his twin brother? 我不能分辨出汤姆和他的孪生兄弟。
4. so do i. 我也是。
“so+助动词/情态动词+主语”是倒装句结构，用于后一句陈述内容与前一句陈述内容相同，且前后的主语是不同的人，意为“某某也如此”。若前后陈述的情况为否定式，用 neither或nor来替代so。 eg:
―i am a teacher. 我是一名老师。
―so is he. 他也是。
―she can’t dance. 她不会跳舞。
―nor can i. 我也不会。
[注] 若前后两陈述句的主语一致，且陈述内容相同，则用so+主语+助动词/情态动词，意为“某某的确如此”。 eg:
―he is very brave. 他很勇敢。
―so he is. 的确如此。
5. i was having a hard time finding it until you came along.
我一直很难找到它，直到你走了过来。
have a good time doing sth. 意为“做某事很费劲”。 eg:
the police had a hard time finding the lost child. 警察好不容易找到了这个走失的孩子。
6. i didn’t know some of the girls, but they were all really friendly to me.
有些女孩子我不认识，但她们真的对我很友好。
be friendly to sb. 意为“对某人很友好”。 eg:
my classmates are friendly to me. 我的同学对我很友好。
三、巩固练习
1. the headmaster told us at the science museum on time.
a. arrive b. arrives c. to arrive d. arriving ( 北京)
2. ―let’s go and play football, ?
―that’s wonderful.
a. will you b. do you c. won’t we d. shall we ( 江苏)
3. ―jane, it’s time to go school. get up and have breakfast.
―but i am not feeling . i don’t fell like eating anything.
a. bad b. good c. well ( 长沙)
4. i told you not to be late again, john, i?
a. do b. did c. don’t d. didn’t ( 河北)
5. ―jim enjoys listening to pop music.
― .
a. so does helen b. also is helen
c. helen likes also d. so helen does ( 甘肃)
6. ―do you mind if i smoke here?
― .
a. you are welcome b. i’m afraid not
c. please don’t. it’s a non-smoking car ( 甘肃)
7. two foreigners are in the sitting room. one is jack and is peter.
a. other b. another c. one d. the other ( 湖南)
8. ―you’ve left the light on.
― . i’ll go and turn it off.
a. so i have b. so do i c. nor have i d. neither i do ( 内蒙古)
9. i bought two pairs of shoes, but of them is made in chengdu.
a. neither b. either c. none ( 四川)
10. ―tom, can you tell me where jack is?
―he to the library.
a. has gone b. had gone c. has been ( 武汉)
11. ―would your sister go to hainan this summer?
―if i don’t go, .
a. neither will she b. neither does she c. so will she d. so does she ( 辽宁)
12. i had to buy these books because i didn’t know which one was the best.
a. both b. none c. neither d. all ( 南京)
13. ―i like apples.
― .
a. me too b. my brother is c. don’t do that ( 重庆)
14. it was a long journey, but of them four felt boring.
a. neither b. both c. none d. all ( 黑龙江)
15. ―have you ever to japan?
―no, never.
a. been b. gone c. go d. travel
16. ―i hear your teacher to japan once.
―yes. he _____ there last year.
a. goes, went b. has been c. went, has been d. has been, went
17. thank you for us to your house on saturday.
a. inviting b. invited c. invite d. to invite
18. hurry up. your parents you for twenty minutes.
a. wait b. is waiting c. has waited for d. have been waiting for
19. students are usually interested in sports. some like running, some like swimming and like ball games.
a. the others b. others c. the other d. other
20. i don’t think he is having a meeting, ?
a. does he b. don’t i c. is he d. isn’t he
八年级英语下册Units 9―10语法词汇重点 篇3
period six(八年级下units 1-4)一、大纲要求
词汇
单词robot, use, less, fewer, fly, get, find, alone, able, dress, however, everywhere, possible, seem play, argue, wrong, surprise, either, except, fail, until, land, while, follow, shout, happen, earth, ever, suppose, nervous, own, thin, decision, influence
短语
call up, take off
重点解析there will be more people /fewer trees/ less pollution. no one will want to see actors talk. for example, it’s easy for a child to wake up and know whey they are. i don’t want to surprise him. 二、重点解析单词:1. argue argue v. 意为“争论，争吵”，它常用于句型argue with sb. (about/over sth.)意思是“与某人……争论（某事）”。 eg: i often argued with him over the matter. 我常常和他在那件事上争论。2. get (1) get v. 意为“接到，收到”，相当于 “receive”。 eg: i got a letter from my sister this morning. 今天早晨我接到了妹妹的来信。另外，句型get sb. to do sth. 意为“使/让/叫某人做某事”，其中to不可以省略。 eg: the teacher got the students to finish their homework at once. 老师让学生们立刻完成作业。(2) get 还可作连系动词，意为“变得，成为”。 eg: our country is getting stronger and stronger. 我们的国家变得越来越强大。3. land (1) land v. 意为“降落”，“着陆”。 eg: he plane landed safely. 飞机安全地降落了。 (2) 它还可用作名词，意为“陆地，土地，田地”。 eg: he owns 100 acres of land. 他拥有一百英亩土地。4. compare compare v. 比较，对照。 eg: compare the style of the two poems. 将这两首诗的风格加以比较。 if you compare her work with his, you’ll find hers is much better. 要是把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发现她的好得多。5. find find 后可接名词、代词、作宾语，还可以接复合宾语，用形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、副词、不定式作宾语补足语。 eg: i found the book on the bed. 我发现书在床上。 i found the key lost. 我发现钥匙丢了。 she hurried there, but found them all out. 她赶到那里，但发现大家都出去了。短语：1. call (sb.) up call (sb.) up意为“给（某人）打电话”，相当于give sb. a call, ring sb. up, give sb. a ring, phone/telephone sb. eg: i will call you up tomorrow. 我明天给你们打电话。2. take off (1) take off 意为“起飞”，其反义词为land. eg: the plane takes off at 3 pm every day. 那班飞机每天下午3点起飞。
(2) 它还可以表示脱去（衣服、鞋等）。其反义词为put on。 eg: he took off his shoes and put it behind the door. 他脱下鞋子，并把它放在门后。 ［注］与take有关的短语有： take away 拿走，取走 take back 收回，取消 take care of 照顾 take it easy 不要急，别紧张 take medicine 服药 take part in 参加 take place 发生 take photos 拍照 take a rest 休息一下 take a walk 散步3. run away run away 意为“跑开，迅速离开，逃走”。 eg: the girl ran away at once. 那个女孩立即跑走了。 ［注］与away有关的短语有：right away 立即，马上 go away 走开 be far away from 离……远put away 把……收起来，放好 take away 拿走词语辨析:1. be able to & can be able to 和can 都表示“能”，但两者有以下区别： (1) 表示现在或一般能力时，be able to与can可以互换使用。 eg:nobody can/is able to solve the problem. 没人能理解这个问题。 (2) can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to 有较多的时态变化。 eg:he has not been able to come. 他来不了了。 they will be able to do it well. 他们能把这件事情办好。 (3) be able to的过去时表示“经过努力能做成某事”，而could没有这种意思。 eg:he worked hard at his lessons and was able to pass the exam. 他努力学习，考试及格了。 (4) 在表示猜测时，用can而不用be able to. eg:that can’t be his book. my name is on it. 那不可能是他的书。上面有我的名字。that man can’t be your headmaster. he has gone to australia. 那个人不可能是你的校长。他去澳大利亚了。 (5) be able to 可以与不定式以及shall, will, would连用，用在现在完成时态中，而can则不能。 eg: i hope to be able to pass the exam. 我希望能通过这次考试。 you will pass the exam if you work hard. 如果你学习努力，你就会通过这次考试。 we have been able to read english novels. 我们已经能够读英文小说了。2. in & after in 和 after 是介词，都表示“在……之后”，但两者用法不同。in指以现在为起点，句子多用将来时。after 指以过去某一时间为起点，句子多用过去时。after 如后接钟点时，指以现在为起点，句子用将来时。 eg: he will come back in an hour. 一个小时后他将回来。 after half a year, they built another factory. 半年后，他们建了另一家工厂。 he will finish the work after two o’clock. 两点后他将完成这件工作。3. find, look for & find out find意思是“发现，找到”，强调找的结果；而look for 意思是“寻找”，强调找的过程；find out意思是“查出；查明”，指经过努力查出了事情的真相。 eg: the woman looked for her son everywhere, but she couldn’t find him. she was very sad. 这位妇女到处找她的儿子，但是她没有找到。她非常难过。 can you find out when the plane will take off? 你能查一下飞机什么时候起飞吗？4. when & while (1) when 与 while 都可以做从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意思是“当……时候”。当从句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，二者可以互换；若从句的谓语动词是终止性动词时，只能用when. eg: when/while we were talking, the teacher came in. 当我们正说话时，老师走了进来。 he was listening to english when the telephone rang. 当电话响时，他正在听英语。the light went out suddenly while we were watching tv. 我们正在看电视，灯突然熄灭了。while mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside. 玛丽写信时孩子都在外面玩儿。 (2) when 和 while 两词还可以作并列连词，但意思不同。when 相当于at that time或just then, 意为“在那时”；而while则相当于but,意为“而；但是”，表示对比关系。eg: he was just falling asleep when there was a knock at the door. 他就要睡着，就在这时有人敲门。my mother was sweeping the floor while my father was reading a report. 我母亲在拖地，而我父亲在看报告。 5. in front of & in/at the front of in front of指在某一范围外的前面，其反义词为behind。 in the front of指在某一范围内的前面，其反义词为in /at the back of。 eg: there is a tree in front of my house. 我家房子前面有棵树。 the driver sits in the front of the car. 司机坐在汽车的前部。6. alone, lonely &all by oneself alone 作形容词意为“单独的”，只能作表语；作副词意为“单独地”、“独自”。lonely 作形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”。all by oneself 独立，单独，有“全靠自己”的意思，有时可与alone互换。 eg: he is alone/all by himself, but he doesn’t feel lonely. 他独自一人，但他并不孤独。 he finished the work alone/all by himself. 他独自完成了那件工作。 ［注］he finished the work himself. 他亲自完成了那件工作。i have to learn to use the computer all by myself. 我不得不靠自己学会使用电脑。=i have to teach myself to use the computer. 我不得不自学使用电脑。句型:1. there will be more people /fewer trees/less pollution. 将会有更多的人/更少的树/更少的污染。(1) 此句属于there be句型的一般将来时，表示“将来存在……”。该句型的否定式为：there will not be….疑问式为：will there be…?肯定回答用yes, there will. 否定回答用 no, there won’t. eg:there won’t be any fish in the river. 将来河里就不会有鱼了。―will there be less pollution? 将会有更少的污染吗？―yes, there will./no, there won’t. there will be more pollution. 是的，会用更少的污染。/不，将来会有更多的污染。 (2) more, fewer, less都是比较级。more 是many/much 的比较级，故more既可以修饰可数名词的复数也可以修饰不可数名词。fewer是few的比较级，所以fewer只能修饰可数名词的复数，而less是little的比较级，只能修饰不可数名词。 eg: there will be fewer animals in china. 在中国将会用更少的动物。 there will be less money. 将会有更少的钱。2. predicting the future can be difficult. 预测未来可能很困难。
v-ing形式
、动词不定式或疑问词+不定式作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。 eg: getting up early is good for your health. 早起对身体有好处。 to be late for school isn’t a good thing. 上学迟到不是件好事。 when to start is still a problem. 何时出发仍然是个问题。3. no one will want to see actors talk. 没有人想看演员们谈话。 (1) no one 想当于nobody, 只能用来指人，不能指物，并且后面不能接of；常用来回答who开头的问句。 eg: ―who is in the classroom now? 现在谁在教室里？ ―no one. 没有人。 (2) none 意为“（三者或三者以上中）一个也没有”，它既不可以指人，也不可以指物；后面可以接of短语；谓语动词用单数、复数均可；常用来回答how many 或how much 引导的疑问句。 eg: none of them has/have come back get. 他们谁也没回来。 ―how many books are there on the desk? 桌子上有几本书？ ―none. 一本也没有。4. for example, it’s easy for a child to wake up and know where they are. 例如，让孩子醒来并且知道他们在哪里很容易。 在句型it’s+形容词+of/for sb. to do sth. 中，当形容词描述不定式行为者的性格、品质时，用介词of，在逻辑上sb与该形容词是主语和表语的关系。形容词若是描述事物的性质时，用介词for。 eg: it’s very clever of you to answer the difficult question. 能答出这个难题，你真聪明。it isn’t good for animals to stay in cages. 动物总待在笼子里不好。5. that may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago. 现在那好像是不可能，但是电脑，太空火箭，甚至电动牙刷在1XX年前好像（也）是不可能的。 seem v. 好像，似乎。用法如下： (1) seem+形容词 eg: my grandmother seems ill. 我奶奶好像病了。 (2) seem +to be+形容词 eg: the story seems to be very interesting. 这个故事好像很有趣。 (3) seem +to do sth. eg: he seems to study well. 他似乎学习很好。 (4) it seems +that从句 eg: it seems that she has read this book. 好像她已经看过这本书了。6. i don’t want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到吃惊。 (1) surprise v. 使（人）惊讶，常用被动结构be surprised. eg: when i heard the news, i was very surprised. 听到这个消息时，我很吃惊。 (2) surprise n. 惊奇，诧异 to one’s surprise 使某人感到惊奇的是 eg: to my surprise, the plan succeeded. 我感到惊奇的是那计划竟然成功了。 in surprise 惊奇，惊讶，在句中作表语或状语。 eg: she looked up in surprise when i shouted. 我叫喊时，她吃惊地抬起头来看。 (3) surprising adj. 惊人的。 eg: it’s surprising they lost. 他们竟然失败了。7. parents see other children doing a lot of things, and they feel their own children should do the same. 父母看到其他的孩子在做许多事情，他们觉得自己的孩子也应该这样做。 see sb. doing sth. 意为“看到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在发生。 see sb do sth. 意为“看到某人做了某事”，强调动作的全过程。 eg: i saw her entering the classroom. 我看见她正在进入教室。 i saw her enter the classroom. 我看见她进了教室。 ［注］hear, listen to, watch, look at, find, feel, notice 与see 的用法相同。8. i hope you are in good health. 希望你身体健康。 hope作动词用时,有以下用法： (1) hope+从句 eg: i hope he will come. 我希望他会来。 (2) hope to do sth. eg: i hope to pass the exam. 我希望能够通过考试。 (3) hope for+ n. 希望得到什么…… eg: i hope for his letter. 我希望能接到他的来信。语法：陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。1. 人称的变化 he said, “i like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它。” he said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。
he said to me, “i broke your cd player.” 他对我说：“我把你的cd 播放器摔坏了。” he told me that he had broken my cd player. 他告诉我说他把我的cd 播放器摔坏了。2. 时态的变化 直接引语间接引语一般现在时过去时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时3. 指示代词、时间和地点状语的变化
直接引语
时间引语
指示代词
this, these
that, those
时间状语
now, today, tonight, this week, yesterday, last week, three days ago, tomorrow, next week
then, that day, that night, that week, the day before, the week before, three days before, the next day, the next week
地点状语
here
there
动词
bring, come
take, go
[注]直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 eg: he said, “light travels much faster than sound.” →he said that light travels much faster than sound. 三、巩固练习1. i don’t know the day after tomorrow. a. what he will do b. what will he do c. what he did d. what did he do (. 北京)2. ―did your parents go to the film yesterday evening? ―no, we stayed at home watching tv. a. both b. all c. either d. none (. 江苏)3. it rained heavily yesterday, but of the students was later for school. a. both b. all c. none (. 长沙)4. we should keep our eyes while doing eye exercises. a. close b. closed c. open d. opened (. 吉林)5. today computers in both cities and towns. a. were using b. are used c. were used d. are using (. 陕西)6. ―please give me a when you arrive. ―ok. i’ll tell you everything as soon as i get there. a. ring b. present c. hand d. ride (. 安徽)7. do you know ? a. what time would the train leave b. what time does the train leave c. what time will the train leave d. what time the train leaves (. 浙江)8. i don’t know if it tomorrow. if it _____, i will stay at home. a. will rain, rains b. rains, will rain c. will rain, will rain (. 哈尔滨)9. ―i called you at 7:30 yesterday evening. but there was no reply. ―sorry. i dinner with my friends at a restaurant. a. had b. was having c. have had d. had had (. 福建)10. we find impossible to get there before 8:00 o’clock. a. her b. it c. this d. that (. 甘肃)11. ―mom, i’m leaving for beijing tomorrow morning. ―oh, good. but be sure to phone me you get to beijing, please. a. when b. while c. because d. if (. 山东)12. when the light went out last night? a. what were you doing b. what have you done c. what did you do d. how were you doing (. 山东)13. ―you look rather tired. stop to have a rest? ―all right. a. why not b. how about c. why not to d. why don’t (. 山东)14. it’s very nice you to give me the chance. a. of b. for c. to d. at (. 天津)15. they miss brown at the airport when she arrives this afternoon. a. will meet b. have met c. meet (. 武汉)16. ―i hope you my party next weekend. ―ok, i . a. to come to, will b. come to, will c. can come to, am d. can come to, will (. 辽宁)17. ―how do you like our city? ―i think it’s becoming . a. more beautiful and more beautiful b. more and more cleaner c. more and more beautiful d. clean and clean (. 山西)18. it’s to teach a man fishing than to give him fish. a. more b. better c. good d. best (. 黑龙江)19. ―what’s the matter mr. liu? he is wet through. ―his car ran _____ the river. a. with, into b. for, in c. with, to d. to, at (. 湖北)20. ―there a concert this evening. ―yeah. exciting news! a. are going to be b. is going to be c. is going to have d. will have (. 福州)
