Chapter 6 Water talk(精选2篇)
Chapter 6 Water talk 篇1
chapter 6 water talk
part a language
i. words and expressions
1. freeze v. 结冰,僵住 freezing adj. 寒冷的 frozen adj. 冷冻的
it’s freezing outside. look! the ground is frozen. 外面寒冷,看地上结冰了。
danny froze when he heard the news. 当丹尼听到这消息时,他愣住了。
2. impatient adj. 不耐烦的 patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人
we mustn’t be impatient with the patients. 对待病人我们不能不耐烦。
3. chemical n. & adj. 化学品;化学的 chemistry n. 化学 chemist n. 化学家
in the chemistry lesson, the teacher put some chemicals inside the tubes. 在化学课上,老师把一些化学品放进试管中。
4. comfortable adj. 舒服的 comfortably adv. 舒服地
i like to lie comfortably in that comfortable sofa alone. 我喜欢独自舒服地躺在舒适的沙发上。
5. complete adj. 完整的 completely adv. 完整地 incomplete adj. 不完整的
i completely forgot that i had a meeting this morning. 我完全忘记了今天上午有个会。
your answer is incomplete. please use a complete sentence. 你的回答不完整,请用一句完整的句子。
6. science n. 科学 scientific adj. 科学的 scientist n. 科学家
the scientist is doing a scientific experiment now.那位科学家正在做一个科学实验。
he is interested in science. 他对科学感兴趣。
7. treatment n. 处理 treat v. 对待
the old man was treated well in that hospital. they gave him a medical treatment immediately. 在医院那位老人受到很好的医治,他们马上给他进行了治疗。
8. visible adj. 看得见的 invisible adj. 看不见的
air is invisible and water is visible. 空气看不见,水看得见。
9. a water treatment works 一家水质净化厂
yesterday we visited a water treatment works in shanghai. 昨天我们参观了上海的一家水质净化厂。
10. look round= look around 四周环顾
he looked around but saw nobody. 他往四周看,可是没看见任何人。
11. shake one’s head 摇头 nod one’s head 点头
we shake our heads to show disagreement, and nod our heads to show agreement. 我们摇头表示反对,点头表示赞同。
12. decrease n.&v. 减少(之量)
your hunger decreases as you eat. 你吃过东西以后就不饿了。
ii. language structure
1. 数量的表达
不可数名词 可数/不可数名词 可数名词
none
too little/ little some a few
not much not many
too much/much a lot of=lots of too many/ many
a small amount of
a large amount of
an amount of plenty of a large number of
2. how many/ how much +一般疑问句
3. 用in/at/on表示时间
in+年份/月份/季节(in , in august, in spring)
at+ 具体的时间(8:45, at three, at noon, at dawn, at night)
on+日期(on jan. 1st, 1956; on the morning of jan. 12st; on a cold evening
4. be going to/will表示将来时的区别
be going to 结构常用来表示事先经过考虑的意图、打算或准备;或很快就要发生的将来的情况或行动。
will 可以表示愿意和决心。
i am going to be 50 next monday.
i have bought some bricks and i am going go rebuild the house next week.
there is a knock on the door. i will go to open it.
if you are going to the cinema tonight, you’d better take your key.
5. 动词不定式作主语:不定式短语作语时,常用形式主语it来代替,而真正的主语放在句子的谓语后面。
it’s not easy for me to get there. (对事加以评论)
it is brave of you to walk in to the forest by yourself. (对人加以评论)
动词不定式肯定形式(to do)和否定形式(not to do)
it was time to get cleaned up.
remember not to waste me or pollute me.
6. 状语从句
在句子中作状语的从句叫状语从句。它是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的状语从句根据作用的不同可分为以下几种,注意所用的不同连词。
1) 时间状语从句:when, while, as, as soon as, after, before, until, since
2) 条件状语从句:if, as long as
3) 原因状语从句:because, since, as
4) 让步状语从句:although, though, now that
5) 结果状语从句:so…that, so that, such… that
6) 目的状语从句:so that, in order that
7) 比较/方式状语从句:as…as, not as…as, not so…as, than
8) 地点状语从句:where, wherever
状语从句中一般都不能和将来时态。如果从句要表示将来的动作或状态时,需用一般现在时来代替。
iii. notes
1. here i am. 我在这里(副词提前)。
2. 统计图表的表达
bar chart(直条图),line graph(线条图),flow chart(流程图)
3. 宾语从句要用陈述句来表达
do you know where i am from?
i thought i heard voices in there.
you know where that is.
4. voice 嗓音/sound声音/noise 噪音
5. a voice said loudly 相当于(sb.)said in a loud voice 一个声音大声说
Chapter 6 Water talk 篇2
chapter 5 water talk
一、教学内容: chapter 5 water talk 二、重点语法:(一)how much与how many的用法1. 所修饰词的不同 how many用来修饰可数名词的复数,它的句式是:how many+复数名词+一般疑问句+? how much用来修饰不可数名词,表示数量,也可单独使用。 2. how many的用法 (1)对there be句型中主语的数量如:some, five, only one等提问时,如果主语是可数名词,不管主语是单数还是复数的一般都用复数形式提问,因为问话人不知道具体的数量是多少,而且many只能接可数名词的复数形式,所以be一定要用are.即用how many+可数名词复数+are there+地点/时间状语?的句型结构.例如: ① there is a book on the desk. (用how many改为特殊疑问句) how many books are there on the desk? ② there are seven days in a week. (对划线部分进行提问) how many days are there in a week? (2)记忆口诀 how many在句首,名词复数跟着走,一般问句紧相随,其它成分不要丢。3. how much的用法 (1)用来询问事物的数量,后接不可数名词。例如: how much milk is there in the glass? 玻璃杯里有多少牛奶? (2)用来询问事物的重量。例如: -how much does the pig weigh? 这头猪多重? -eighty kilos.八十公斤。 (3)how much 意为“多少钱”时,可单独使用,也可构成词组how much money,但英语中常省略money,用来询问某物的价钱、价格。 (注意:how much询问价格时,它的回答若是中国的货币单位应采用汉语拼音yuan, fen来表示,几角常采用几十分来表示,字母用小写,且不用复数。)例如:-how much is the eraser?这块橡皮擦多少钱?-ninety two fen. 九角二分。) (4)用来询问数字计算的结果,相当于what。例如: -how much is three plus one? 三加一等于多少? -it is four. 等于四。 (二)few 和 little的用法:1. a few people/few people有几个人/没有几个人这两种形式也都能作为代词使用,或单独使用或与of连用:-sugar?-a little,please.-要糖吗?-请给一点儿。only a few of these are any good.这其中只有几个用得着。2. a little,a few(形容词和代词)a little指少量或者说话人认为少的量;a few指小数目或者说话人认为小的数目。把only放在a little/a few之前,是为了强调说话人认为该数量的确很小。only a few of our customers have accounts.我们的顾客中只有少数人是记账的。但是把quite放在a few之前就大大增大了这个数量:i have quite a few books on art.我有不少关于艺术的书。(许多书)3. little和few(形容词和代词):little和few意为很少或没有,几乎具有否定意义:there was little time for consultation.几乎没有时间商量。little is known about the side-effects of this drug.这种药物有些什么副作用,现在还不大清楚。few towns have such splendid trees.有这么好看的树木的城市不多。little和few的这种用法主要限于书面英语(可能由于在日常会话中little和few容易被误认为是 a little/a few)。因此,在日常会话中little和few通常由hardly any替代,也可以由动词否定式+much/many替代:we saw little.我们没有看到什么。相当于:we saw hardly anything./we didn’t see much.我们几乎什么都没有看到。tourists come here but few stay overnight.有游客到这里来,但很少有人过夜。相当于:tourists come here but hardly any stay overnight.有游客到这里来,但几乎没有人在这里过夜。但如果little和few由so,very,too,extremely,comparatively,relatively等词修饰,就可以较自由地使用。fewer(比较级)也可以更自由地使用。i’m unwilling to try a drug i know so little about.我不愿意服我知之甚少的药。they have too many technicians,we have too few.他们的技术员太多,而我们的又太少。there are fewer butterflies every year.蝴蝶的数量每年都在减少。4. a little/little(副词)(1)a little可以:(a)与动词连用:it rained a little during the night.夜里下了一点儿雨。they grumbled a little about having to wait.他们为要等候抱怨了几句。(b)与具有“令人不快的”意义的形容词和副词连用:a little anxious有点儿着急a little annoyed有点儿不耐烦a little unwillingly有点儿不情愿地a little impatiently有点儿不耐心地(c)与形容词和副词的比较级连用:the paper should be a little thicker.这纸应该再厚一点儿。can’t you walk a little faster?你不能走得快一点儿吗?在(b)中可以用 rather来代替a little。 rather也可以用于比较级之前(参见第42节),但a little更常用一些。在英语口语中,a bit可以在上述例子中用以替代a little。(2)在比较正式的文体中,little主要与better或more连用:his second suggestion was little(=not much) better than his first.他的第二个建议比第一个好不了多少。he was little(= not much) more than a child when his father died.他父亲去世时,他差不多还是个孩子。在正式的英语中,little可用在某些动词如 expect,know,suspect,think等之前:he little expected to find himself in prison.他几乎没有料到自己会进监狱。he little thought that one day… 他几乎从不曾想过有一天……注意像little-known和little-used这样的形容词的用法:a little-known painter 一个籍籍无名的画家a little-used footpath 一条几乎没有人走的小道 (三)on的用法:prep. 1. 在……上 he laid a hand on my shoulder. 他把一只手放在我肩上。 2. 以……支持,挂在……上;以……为轴 there is a picture on the wall. 墙上有一幅画。 3. 朝,向 4. 靠近,在……旁,沿着 she stood on my left. 她站在我左边。 5. 在……的时候,在……后立即 he jumped with joy on hearing the news. 他一听到这个消息就高兴得跳了起来。 6. 关于,有关 the teacher made comments on our compositions. 老师就我们的作文作了讲评。 7. 以……方式,通过 did you hear it on the radio? 你是从收音机听到这个消息的吗? 8. 凭……,靠……;使用……,吃…… they said they were acting on instructions. 他们说他们是奉命行事。 9. 处于……状态,进行中 10. 属于……,参加……,是……的成员 he is on the school volleyball team. 他是校排球队队员。 11. 加之于,重叠于 12. 由……支付 have another coffee on me. 再来一杯咖啡,我请客。 13. 带在……身上 ad. 1. 继续 they talked on until midnight. 他们一直谈到深夜。 2. 向前 3. 穿上,盖上,连接上 it’s cold today. why don’t you put your overcoat on? 今天很冷。为什么不把大衣穿上? 4. (机器)处于工作状态;开着;通着 he left the engine on while waiting for joe. 他在等候乔时让汽车引擎开着。 5. 上演着;在进行中 a.[z] 1.(机器等)工作着的,开着的 2. 正在上演的,在放映的 what’s on for tonight at the cinema? 今晚电影院上映什么片子? 3. 在发生的,在进行的 the strike is still on. 罢工仍在继续。 4. 菜单上有的,供应的 i’d like to have some salmon if it is on. 如果有大马哈鱼供应,我想来一点。 5. 【俚】知情的 6. 【美】【俚】醉了的 (四)in, to, on和off在方位名词前的区别 1. in表示a地在b地范围之内。如: Chinese Taiwan is in the southeast of china. 2. to表示a地在b地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔。如: japan lies to the east of china. 3. on表示a地与b地接壤、毗邻。如: north korea is on the east of china. 4. off表示“离……一些距离或离……不远的海上”。如: they arrived at a house off the main road. new zealand lies off the eastern coast of australia. (五)at, in, on, by和through在表示时间上的区别 1. at指时间表示: (1)时间的一点、时刻等。如: they came home at sunrise(at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak, at dawn). (2)较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。如: he went home at christmas (at new year, at the spring festival, at night). 2. in指时间表示: (1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)内。如:in , in march, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, etc. (2)在一段时间之后。一般情况下,用于将来时,谓语动词为瞬间动词,意为“在……以后”。如: he will arrive in two hours. 谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在……以内”。如: these products will be produced in a month. 注意:after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后,但其后的时间是“一点”,而不是“一段”。如: he will arrive after two o’clock. 3. on指时间表示: (1)具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、某节日、星期几等。如: on christmas day(on may 4th), there will be a celebration. (2)在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如: he arrived at 10 o’clock on the night of the 5th. (3)准时,按时。如: if the train should be on time, i should reach home before dark. 4. by指时间表示: 不迟于,在(某时)前。如: he will come by six o’clock.