现在分词
现在分词是非谓语动词中的一种，它运用广泛、灵活，在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
一、现在分词的各种形式
及物动词(write)
不及物动词(go)
形式
主动语态
被动语态
主动语态
一般式
writing
being written
going
完成式
having written
Having been written
having gone
1、现在分词的一般式：表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或者几乎同时发生。
①She sat there_________________________.她坐在那儿看书。 ②________________________, he shut the door. 进了房间，他关上门。 2、现在分词的完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
①_________________________for many years, he told us a lot of things about the city. 在那儿住了多年，他告诉了我们关于这个城市的很多事情。 ②________________for ten miles, they felt very tired. 走了十英里路，他们感觉非常疲劳。 3、现在分词的主动式：表示主动意义，即现在分词的逻辑主语和现在分词之间是主谓关系。
①______________________, he stays at home to rest. 因为身体不好，他呆在家里休息。 ②___________________________, he practiced the piano. 做完了作业，他练习钢琴。 4、现在分词的被动式：表示被动意义，即现在分词的逻辑主语和现在分词之间是被动关系。
①____________________, the building looks very beautiful. 重建之后，这座建筑看上去很漂亮。 ②________________near a fire, the wet clothes will dry quickly. 挂在火炉旁，衣服很快就干了。 5、现在分词的否定式：由not后接分词构成。
①___________________what to do, we asked him for help. 由于不知道怎么办才好，我们找他帮忙。 ②____________________the word, he asked the teacher to explain to him. 由于不明白这个词是什么意思，他让老师给他解释。 6、现在分词短语：现在分词及其所跟的状语或宾语一起叫做现在分词短语.
如: working hard, helping others 二、现在分词的句法作用
1、作补足语
现在分词充当宾语补足语时，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词之前。 ⑴ 常见的可以跟复合宾语的感官动词有 see, hear, watch, listen to , notice, observe, smell, look at 等以及make, have, get, keep, leave, catch 等使役动词。如： The teacher caught a boy student cheating in the exam. 老师发现一个小男孩在考试中作弊。(a boy student 与 cheat 之间是主动关系) Children like to watch magicians________________________________________. 孩子们喜欢看魔术师表演魔术. _________________________________________.我们经常看见他被他爸爸打。 ⑵位于with 复合结构中。注意根据宾语的关系确定选用过去分词或现在分词。如： With a good coach instructing us , we are sure to win the match. 如果一个好教练指导我们，我 们一定会赢得比赛的。(a good coach 与 instructing 之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系) With the noise____________ (go on),he couldn’t do his homework..外面有吵杂声他无法做作业。 With the homework____________(finish), he was allowed to play football. 2、作状语
现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系。选用分词时，一定要看分词与其逻辑主语(即句子的主语)的关系，如果表示与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生，即选用现在分词的一般式；如果分词的动作先于谓语动作而发生，就用分词的完成式。现在分词作状语时，一般在句子中充当时间、原因、方式或伴随、结果等状语。 ⑴表示时间
___________________,she saw an ambulance driving up.她转过身，看见一辆救护车开了过来。 ____________________,he made up his mind to enter.到了那，他决定进去。
⑵表示原因
______________________________________________________,I couldn’t get in touch with him. 由于不知道她的电话号码，我无法与她取得联系。 _____________________________________________________, he hasn’t got much money left. 由于失业时间长了，他没剩下多少钱. _____________________________,we’d better go to listen to him.既然已经请了他给我们做报告，我们最好还是去听听。 ⑶表示伴随或方式
Helen was sitting by the window,__________________________.海伦正坐在窗子旁，看一本小说。
A crowd of children ran out of the classroom,_______________________________.一群小孩有说有笑的从教室跑了出去。
⑷表示结果
His parents died,_________________________.他父母死了，给他留下很多钱。
At night, roads are brightly lit,__________________________________.夜晚灯光把马路照得很亮，使行人和车辆畅通无阻。
注：现在分词做状语时，有时前面有一个名词或代词作它逻辑上的主语，使现在分词表示的动作不是由句子的主语来执行，而是由该逻辑主语来执行，这种带逻辑主语的现在分词称为独立主格结构。如：
Time permitting, we’ll visit the history museum._________________________
_______________no bus, we had to walk home.没有公共汽车了，我们只好步行回家。
We explored the caves,________________________ .由 Peter作向导，我们探察了这些洞穴。
_____________________,the library was out.由于今天是假日，图书馆关门了。
_____________________,the trees turned green.春天来了，树都绿了。 3、作定语
分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后，其逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词或代词，表示逻辑主语发出的动作。单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词或代词之前。现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。 a sleeping child _____________ _______________________ 等候着的观众 a walking dictionary_________________ _______________________ 自来水 _________________________ 困惑不解的表情 The man __________________ is Tom’s father.跟我们校长谈话的那个人是Tom的父亲。 There were some children _______________ in the river.有些小孩子在河里游泳。 _________________________________________________.正在建的那座大楼是我们公的。 4、作表语
现在分词作表语，表示主主发出的动作。需注意amuse, bore, disappoint, discourage,excite, fascinate, freeze, frighten, horrify, inspire, interest, move, surprise, touch 等动词常用其现在分词和过去分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人……的”；过去分词表示主语的状态，意思是“感到……的”。 It is very_____________(encourage) to have so many people attending the meeting. What you have told me is very_____________(surprise). The music sounds______________(excite). He said that in a ___________(tremble) and ______________(frighten) voice.语法随堂练习(6)
一、选择题
( )1. in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited ( ) 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the girl and took her away, ___into the woods. A. seizing ; disappeared B. seized ; disappeared C. seizing ; disappearing D. seized ; disappearing ( ) 3. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated ( ) 4. _______ the programme ， they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed ( ) 5. He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting ( ) 6. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoke ( ) 7. He glanced over at her, that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted ( ) 8. ,the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally ( ) 9. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having ( ) 10. The bell the end of the period rang, our heated discussion. A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted ( ) 11. It is believed that if a book is it will surely the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest ( )12. There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed ( )13. This news sounds . A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage ( )14. The nest morning she found the man in bed , dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying ( )15. If you wave you book in front of your face, you can feel the air against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move ( )16. European football is played in 80 countries, it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make ( )17. a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
( )18. “Can’t you read?” Mary said to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
( )19. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks , that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added ( )20. The railway in our country will change our life a lot. A. having been built B. being built C. building D. to build ( )21. There no buses, we had to walk home. A. being B. was C. having D. had ( )22. a letter, someone knocked at the door. A. While writing B. While I was writing C. Having written D. During writing ( )23. The picture on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung ( )24. Standing on top of the building , . A. the whole city could be seen B. nothing could be seen C. we could see the whole city D. all could be seen ( )25. The salesman scolded the girl caught and let her off. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing ( )26. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door “Sorry to miss you, will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
