Unit 4 Unforgettable experiences
第二课时学案
Teaching aims and demands :
Some sentence patterns and difficult points of grammar .
Important and difficult points :
Attributive Clauses , the past perfect continuous tense and the present participles .
Teaching Procedures :
Step 1 疑难透析
1. What had he been doing before the earthquake ?
过去完成进行时表示在过去一个时间点以前一直进行的动作; 而现在完成进行时则表示从过去一个时间点开始一直进行的动作。例如:
I had been doing my homework before you came .
I have been doing my homework since I came back home .
注意 完成进行时都是强调动作的延续, 故其中的动词必须是延续性的。
考查方向 现在与过去进行完成时的辨异。
【典型考题】 2004 北京高考
Three months went by before she knew it . 她还没有意识到三个月就过去了。
Now that she is out of a job , Lucy __________ going back to school , but she hasn’t decided yet .
A. had considered B. has been considering
C. considered D. is going to consider
【解析】由 she hasn’t decided yet 可知, Lucy 还在考虑这件事情, 故用现在完成进行时, 表示动作还在继续。
【答案】B。
2. Before she could move , she heard a loud noise .
Before she could think twice , the water was upon her .
本句中，before 意为“还未来得及…就…”， 例如：
The telephone was hung up before I could answer it .
我还未来得及接电话, 电话就挂断了。
before 还可以表示“… 之后才…”, 例如:
He almost knocked me down before he saw me .他几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
before 还可用于 It was not long before …结构, 表示“不久以后”。在此句式中, it 表示时间, before 引起时间状语从句。若从句时态为将来时, 应用现在时表示。例如:
It was not long before the whole country rose up and drove the enemy out of their homeland . 不久以后, 全国人民奋起反抗, 把敌人赶出了他们的国土。
注意 before 用法很多, 在平时的学习中应特别注意。它既可用作连词又可用作介词, 应注意不同词性需要不同形式。
考查方向 before 与其他连词的意义辨析以及词义。
【典型考题】 2003 北京高考
He made a mistake , but then he corrected the situation ___________ it got worse .
A. until B. when C. before D. as
【解析】根据句意“在形势变得糟糕之前纠正错误”可知, 答案应为 before 。
【答案】C。
3. who， whom ， that ，which 或 whose 引起的定语从句以及关系词与普通连词 and，but 等的用法区别。
who， whom， that， which 或 whose 为引起定语从句的关系代词，该使用哪一个由其在句中做的成分来决定：who， whom ，that ，which 在从句中作主语、宾语，而whose 在从句中作定语。
定语从句应为句子的一部分，故从句的前面不需要 and， but，so，or 等连词。而句中若有了这些连词，则不使用定语从句。这也就是何时使用关系词，何时使用普通代词的问题。例如：
He has three sons，and all of them are doctors .
或: He has three sons , all of whom are doctors .
考查方向 是选择关系词还是选择普通代词, 也就是选择含有定语从句的复合句还是并列句。
【典型考题】 2004 辽宁高考
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% __________ are sold abroad.
A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that
【解析】80% 的前面没有连词, 故应用定语从句形式, 排除 C 项; 而 that 不能直接充当介词的宾语, D 项错误; 用 of which 表示从属关系“其中的”, 引导定语从句。
【答案】A。
4. 分词做状语
分词在句中做状语, 是一个重要的语法项目, 一定要把握。
若分词在句中做状语, 则由句子的主语来决定其形式。若主语与分词之间为主动关系, 则用现在分词; 为被动形式, 则用过去分词; 没有主动或被动关系, 则用状语从句或独立主格作状语。例如:
A storm broke out suddenly , sweeping away everything .
（a storm 与sweep away 之间为主动关系 ）
Given more time , I will do it better . （I 与give 之间为被动关系）
It being a hot day , they went swimming . （独立主格）
辨析 分词做状语与并列谓语动词
若几个动词之间没有主次之分, 只有时间先后, 则用作并列谓语, 表示连续的动作, 最后两个动作之间加连词; 若动词之间有主次之分, 则次要动词用作分词作状语, 主要动词用作谓语, 且分词前不能加连词。
考查方向 在具体的语境中, 过去分词和现在分词的选择。
【典型考题】 2004 广东高考
____________ the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks .
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
【解析】现在分词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词以前, 其否定形式要在分词的前面加not 。
【答案】C。
Step 2 Exercises
基础巩固
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm __________ we visited three months ago ? （2005 北京高考）
A. where B. when C. that D. what
2. __________ in the queue for half an hour , Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home .（2004北京高考）
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
3. Scientists say it may be five or six years _________ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients .（2004 福建高考）
A. since B. after C. before D. when
4. There are two buildings , ___________ stands nearly a hundred feet high .（200 4湖北高考）
A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
5. ----Sorry to have interrupted you .Please go on .
----Where was I ?
----You ________ you didn’t like your father’s job. （2004 北京春招）
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
6. It is believed that if a book is __________ it will surely _________ the reader .
A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested
C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest
7. The sunlight came in _________ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room . （2001上海高考）
A. through B. across C. on D. over
8. The Parkers bought a new house but __________will need a lot of work before they can move in .
A. they B. it C. one D. which
9. Don’t be discouraged . __________ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life .（2003 上海春招）
A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken
10. On the way home , a good idea suddenly __________ me --- why not buy Mom a gift for her birthday ?
A. struck B. beat C. knocked D. attacked
高分挑战
单项填空
1. The forest guards often find campfires that have not been _________ completely .（2004 全国II）
A. turned down B. put out C. put away D. turned over
2. _________ with a difficult situation , Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice . （2005北京高考）
A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
3. The crazy fans _________ patiently for two hours , and they would wait till the movie star arrived .（2004 重庆高考）
A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait
4.“We can’t go out in this weather ,”said Bob , __________out of the window . （NMET 2004II）
A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
5. Having been attacked by terrorists , ___________ .（2004 上海高考）
A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning was given to tourists
Key ; 基础巩固 1-5 CCCDC 6-10 DABCA
第二课时学案
Teaching aims and demands :
Some sentence patterns and difficult points of grammar .
Important and difficult points :
Attributive Clauses , the past perfect continuous tense and the present participles .
Teaching Procedures :
Step 1 疑难透析
1. What had he been doing before the earthquake ?
过去完成进行时表示在过去一个时间点以前一直进行的动作; 而现在完成进行时则表示从过去一个时间点开始一直进行的动作。例如:
I had been doing my homework before you came .
I have been doing my homework since I came back home .
注意 完成进行时都是强调动作的延续, 故其中的动词必须是延续性的。
考查方向 现在与过去进行完成时的辨异。
【典型考题】 2004 北京高考
Three months went by before she knew it . 她还没有意识到三个月就过去了。
Now that she is out of a job , Lucy __________ going back to school , but she hasn’t decided yet .
A. had considered B. has been considering
C. considered D. is going to consider
【解析】由 she hasn’t decided yet 可知, Lucy 还在考虑这件事情, 故用现在完成进行时, 表示动作还在继续。
【答案】B。
2. Before she could move , she heard a loud noise .
Before she could think twice , the water was upon her .
本句中，before 意为“还未来得及…就…”， 例如：
The telephone was hung up before I could answer it .
我还未来得及接电话, 电话就挂断了。
before 还可以表示“… 之后才…”, 例如:
He almost knocked me down before he saw me .他几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
before 还可用于 It was not long before …结构, 表示“不久以后”。在此句式中, it 表示时间, before 引起时间状语从句。若从句时态为将来时, 应用现在时表示。例如:
It was not long before the whole country rose up and drove the enemy out of their homeland . 不久以后, 全国人民奋起反抗, 把敌人赶出了他们的国土。
注意 before 用法很多, 在平时的学习中应特别注意。它既可用作连词又可用作介词, 应注意不同词性需要不同形式。
考查方向 before 与其他连词的意义辨析以及词义。
【典型考题】 2003 北京高考
He made a mistake , but then he corrected the situation ___________ it got worse .
A. until B. when C. before D. as
【解析】根据句意“在形势变得糟糕之前纠正错误”可知, 答案应为 before 。
【答案】C。
3. who， whom ， that ，which 或 whose 引起的定语从句以及关系词与普通连词 and，but 等的用法区别。
who， whom， that， which 或 whose 为引起定语从句的关系代词，该使用哪一个由其在句中做的成分来决定：who， whom ，that ，which 在从句中作主语、宾语，而whose 在从句中作定语。
定语从句应为句子的一部分，故从句的前面不需要 and， but，so，or 等连词。而句中若有了这些连词，则不使用定语从句。这也就是何时使用关系词，何时使用普通代词的问题。例如：
He has three sons，and all of them are doctors .
或: He has three sons , all of whom are doctors .
考查方向 是选择关系词还是选择普通代词, 也就是选择含有定语从句的复合句还是并列句。
【典型考题】 2004 辽宁高考
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% __________ are sold abroad.
A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that
【解析】80% 的前面没有连词, 故应用定语从句形式, 排除 C 项; 而 that 不能直接充当介词的宾语, D 项错误; 用 of which 表示从属关系“其中的”, 引导定语从句。
【答案】A。
4. 分词做状语
分词在句中做状语, 是一个重要的语法项目, 一定要把握。
若分词在句中做状语, 则由句子的主语来决定其形式。若主语与分词之间为主动关系, 则用现在分词; 为被动形式, 则用过去分词; 没有主动或被动关系, 则用状语从句或独立主格作状语。例如:
A storm broke out suddenly , sweeping away everything .
（a storm 与sweep away 之间为主动关系 ）
Given more time , I will do it better . （I 与give 之间为被动关系）
It being a hot day , they went swimming . （独立主格）
辨析 分词做状语与并列谓语动词
若几个动词之间没有主次之分, 只有时间先后, 则用作并列谓语, 表示连续的动作, 最后两个动作之间加连词; 若动词之间有主次之分, 则次要动词用作分词作状语, 主要动词用作谓语, 且分词前不能加连词。
考查方向 在具体的语境中, 过去分词和现在分词的选择。
【典型考题】 2004 广东高考
____________ the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks .
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
【解析】现在分词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词以前, 其否定形式要在分词的前面加not 。
【答案】C。
Step 2 Exercises
基础巩固
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm __________ we visited three months ago ? （2005 北京高考）
A. where B. when C. that D. what
2. __________ in the queue for half an hour , Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home .（2004北京高考）
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
3. Scientists say it may be five or six years _________ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients .（2004 福建高考）
A. since B. after C. before D. when
4. There are two buildings , ___________ stands nearly a hundred feet high .（200 4湖北高考）
A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
5. ----Sorry to have interrupted you .Please go on .
----Where was I ?
----You ________ you didn’t like your father’s job. （2004 北京春招）
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
6. It is believed that if a book is __________ it will surely _________ the reader .
A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested
C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest
7. The sunlight came in _________ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room . （2001上海高考）
A. through B. across C. on D. over
8. The Parkers bought a new house but __________will need a lot of work before they can move in .
A. they B. it C. one D. which
9. Don’t be discouraged . __________ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life .（2003 上海春招）
A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken
10. On the way home , a good idea suddenly __________ me --- why not buy Mom a gift for her birthday ?
A. struck B. beat C. knocked D. attacked
高分挑战
单项填空
1. The forest guards often find campfires that have not been _________ completely .（2004 全国II）
A. turned down B. put out C. put away D. turned over
2. _________ with a difficult situation , Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice . （2005北京高考）
A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
3. The crazy fans _________ patiently for two hours , and they would wait till the movie star arrived .（2004 重庆高考）
A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait
4.“We can’t go out in this weather ,”said Bob , __________out of the window . （NMET 2004II）
A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
5. Having been attacked by terrorists , ___________ .（2004 上海高考）
A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning was given to tourists
Key ; 基础巩固 1-5 CCCDC 6-10 DABCA
