Friendship案
2011-2012学年高一英语必修1（冀教版）素材（含教案和练习）
Unit 2 Friendship （1）
一. 内容：
Unit 2 Friendship（I）
词汇解析：
1. express
（1）vt.
①表达；表示
例句：She expressed her thanks (to us). 她（对我们）表示感谢。
His face expressed his disappointment.他脸上浮现出失望的表情。
I cannot express (to you) how encouraging your letter was.
你的来信多么令人鼓舞，我无法用言语表达。
常见短语：
express oneself 表达自己的意思
例句：He expressed himself clearly in English. 他用英文清楚地表达自己的意思。
②快运、快递、快汇（信件、货物等）
express an urgent letter 以快递寄出紧急信件
（2）adj. 快速的；快递的
an express train快车
an express highway 高速公路
（3）n. 快车 (= express train) ；快递服务，快件服务
the 9:00 p.m. express to Ottawa 下午九点开往渥太华的快车
例句：I sent the parcel by express. 我以快递的形式寄那个包裹。
（4）adv. 快速地；用快递方式地
to sent the parcel express包裹寄快件
例句：He traveled express. 他搭快车去。
词汇拓展：
（1）expression n. 表达，说明；表情；措词或短语
例句：They greeted him with many expressions of pleasure.
他们说了许多表示欢迎他的话。
Her expression showed that she was angry. 从她的表情可知道她正在生气。
This expression is against idiom. 这一表达方式不合乎语言习惯。
常见短语：
①beyond (past) expression adj./adv. 无法形容（表达）的（地）
例句：The bride was lovely beyond expression. 那新娘美得无法形容。
②find expression in vt. 表现在……
例句：Her passion found expression in her painting. 她的热情表现在她的画中。
（2）expressionless adj. 无表情的；缺乏表情的；呆板的
例句：Their faces remained expressionless as they listened to the bad news.
听到那坏消息时，他们的脸上仍然毫无表情
（3）expressive adj. 表现的，表达……的，有表现力的，富于表情的
an expressive glance 含情脉脉的一瞥
an expressive gesture 意图明确的手势
例句：The actor has an expressive face. 那个演员的脸表情丰富。
（4）expressively adv. 善于表现地；表情丰富地；意味深长地
2. college n.
（1）学院；大学
常见词组：
a medical college 医学院 college courses学院课程 college faculty学院教师
college education大学教育 go to college上大学 enter college 进大学
例句：The college is located next to the airport. 学院在机场旁边。
Their son will start college in January. 他们的儿子将于一月份开始上大学。
（2）协会；社团；学会
the Royal College of Nurses 皇家护士协会
the College of Physicians 医师公会
3. entrance n.
（1）[C] 入口，进口
例句：He stood in the entrance of the hospital.他站在医院入口处。
Visitors are asked to go into the museum by the front entrance / entry.
要求观众从前门进入博物馆。
“Excuse me, where is the entrance to the exhibition hall?”
“对不起，请问展览大厅的入口处在哪里?”
the entrance to…通向……的入口处。
常用to…表示“……的”的名词有：
a key to the door 开门的钥匙 the answer to the exercise 这道题的答案
the way to the castle 到城堡的路 the road to the tower 通向塔的马路
a reply to the manager 对经理的答复
（2）[C,U] 进入；入场
例句：The actor made only two entrances.那位演员只上过两次台。
Entrance is permitted only on production of a ticket.出示票方可入场。
（3）[U]进入的权利；入学许可
gain entrance to university 获得大学入学许可
entrance fee 入场费；入会费
entrance examination 入学考试；进入公司的考试
词汇拓展：
enter v.
（1）vt. 进入
例句：The train entered the tunnel.火车进入了隧道。
（2）加入; 参加; 入学
例句：I entered this company five years ago.我五年前进入这家公司。
He entered university at the age of 21.他21岁时进入大学。
Her dream to enter the famous university came true.
她要进入名牌大学学习的梦想实现了。
（3）登记；记入
例句：We entered our names in the guest book.我们在来客名薄上写下姓名。
I entered my name for the exam.我报名参加那项考试。
常用短语：
（1）enter for 报名参加
例句：Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!
我每年也报名参加花园大赛，但我总是得全镇最差花园的小奖!
Lot of cars entered for this race last year.
去年，很多小汽车参加了这种比赛。
（2）enter into 开始；着手；成为…的一部分
例句：Our shop has entered into a contract with a clothing firm to buy 100 T-shirts a week.
我们商店与一家服装公司达成了每星期批发一百件T恤衫的合同。
We'll enter into details at the next meeting. 关于细节问题我们下次会议上再讨论。
Rice has largely entered into their diet. 大米已成为他们的主食之一。
4. examination n.
（1）考试；测验 (= exam)
例句：Have you passed the examination you took last month?
你上个月参加的考试通过了吗？
We’ll have an oral examination in English tomorrow.
我们明天要考英语口试。
She usually gets over 80 points in any examination.
她通常任何考试都在80分以上。
常见词组：
an entrance examination 入学考试take an examination 参加考试
pass (fail) an examination 考试及格（不及格）cheat in an examination 考试作弊
（2）检查
a medical examination体格检查
词汇拓展：
examine vt.
（1）检查；细查
例句：The doctor examined her carefully.医生给她作了仔细的检查。
Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass.
昨天，消防队员们仔细地检查了地面，但未能找到任何碎玻璃。
例句：My suitcases were examined at the Customs when I entered the country.
入境时，我的提包在海关受到了检查。
（2）测验
例句：I examined students in English (on the previous lessons).
我测验学生（前面几课的）英文。
5. extremely adv. 极端地；非常地
例句：I'm extremely sorry.我非常抱歉。
It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task.
这是一项极度困难危险的任务。
词汇拓展：
extreme
（1）adj. 尽头的, 极端的, 极度的, 偏激的
例句：He lives at the extreme edge of the forest.他住在森林的最边上。
His political ideas are rather extreme.他的政治思想相当极端。
（2）n. 极端, 极端的事物
例句：Sometimes he eats too much and sometimes nothing. He goes from one extreme to the other.
他有时吃得太多，有时不吃，从一个极端走到另一极端。
Extremes meet. （谚）两极相通。
常见短语：
go（be driven）to extremes 走极端
in the extreme 极，非常
6. similar adj. 相像的，相似的；近似的
例句：My new dress is similar to the one you have.我的新衣服和你的那件相似。
Your views of education are similar to mine.你的教育观点和我的类似。
All big cities are quite similar.所有的大城市差不多大同小异。
词汇拓展：
similarity n.类似，类似处
a similarity of writing styles 写作风格的相似之处
a similarity between the sisters 两姐妹之间的相似之处
7. introduce vt.
（1）（与to连用）介绍
例句：He introduced his friend to me.他把朋友介绍给我。
Let me introduce myself; my name is Simpson.让我作自我介绍吧,我名叫辛普森。
（2）（与to，into连用）引进，引入
例句：New Paris fashions are introduced into Shanghai every year.
巴黎的新流行式样每年都被引进上海。
（3）（与to连用）引导，使入门；启蒙
例句：He introduced me to weightlifting.他带领我认识举重。
词汇拓展：
（1）introduction n.
①介绍
例句：He made the introduction at the party. 他在聚会上介绍大家认识。
②导入；采用
例句：The introduction of new advanced techniques in the factory is under discussion today.
在工厂采用新的先进技术的问题是今天的议题。
③导言，绪论，入门
An Introduction to Sociology 社会科学入门
an introduction to an advanced course 高级课程指南
（2）introductory adj. 介绍性的; 引言的，导论的
例句：The dean made a few introductory remarks before the lecture.
系主任在讲课前讲了几句开场白。
8. creative adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的
creative work创造性的工作 creative writing有创意的写作
例句：Human beings are creative animals.人类是有创造力的动物。
词汇拓展：
（1）create vt.创造，创作，引起，造成
例句：All men are created equal. 人人生而平等。
Shakespeare created many famous characters.莎士比亚创造了许多有名的角色。
His words created an awkward situation.他的话引起了尴尬的场面。
（2）creation n.创造，创作物
例句：Man is the lord of creation. 人类是万物之灵。
（3）creatively adv. 创造地，有创意地
（4）creativity n.创造力，独创性
9. continue v.
（1）vi., vt 继续
例句：The discussion continued after a break.那项讨论在短暂的休息后继续进行。
I’ll continue my study for another year.我将再继续学习一年。
He continued reading (to read) when I spoke to him.当我给他说话时他仍然继续阅读。
（2）vi. 持续，仍旧
例句：According to the weather report, the weather will continue fine till this weekend.
据天气预报,到本周末天气仍然很好。
（3）vi. vt. 留任
例句：She continued as mayor for a second term.她连任了一期市长。
10. secret
（1） adj. 保密的；只有少数人知道的
例句：Don't tell anyone about our plan, keep it a secret ? it's a secret plan.
不要对任何人讲我们的计划，要保密，这是一个秘密计划。
Someone has stolen the secret formula for the new drug.有人盗走了我们新药的秘密配方。
He escaped through a secret door. 他是从一个暗门逃走的。
（2）n. 秘密，机密; 奥秘，神秘; 秘诀，诀窍；秘方
the secret of nature 自然的奥秘an open secret 公开的秘密
a top secret 绝密keep a secret 守秘密kept his secret 替他保密
in secret 秘密地 （=secretly, adv.）their secret thoughts 他们内心的想法
例句：What is the secret of his success? 他成功的秘诀是什么？
We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret, which has been concealed from strangers for years.
表面上道貌岸然的人或有声望的家庭，却有着骇人听闻，多年不让人知道的秘密，这样的事情我们经常在小说里读到。
The secret of this dish is in the sauce.使这道菜好吃的秘诀在于调味汁。
11. spread vt., vi. (spread, spread; spreading)
（1）（常与out连用）张开；伸展；延长；加宽
例句：The bird spread its wings.这只鸟展开翅膀。
Father spread the world map out flat on the floor and tried to find out the town where his son was fighting.
父亲把世界地图平摊在地板上,努力寻找他儿子正在战斗的小镇。
In these two years the city has quickly spread for ten miles to the north.
这两年里城市很快地向北延伸了 10 英里。
（2）蔓延；扩散
例句：The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby. 火从工厂蔓延到附近的房舍。
The illness spread through the village. 这种病在村里蔓延开了。
How terrible! The forest fire spread quickly. 真可怕！火势在迅速地蔓延。
（3）薄薄地涂……；覆盖；涂敷
a field spread with wild flowers 野花遍地的田野
例句：She spread the bread with butter. (=She spread butter on the bread.)
她把黄油涂在面包上。
（4）传播，传布
例句：He spread the information around.他到处散布那个消息。
The news spread through the school very quickly.那消息很快就传遍了整个学校。
The story of these advanced workers spread quickly. 这些先进工人的事迹很快就传开了。
词汇拓展：
the spread of … “……的普及；……的传播；……的蔓延”。
这里 spread 是名词。
the spread of a disease 一种疾病的蔓延 the spread of education 教育的普及
12. wealthy adj.（wealthier，wealthiest）
（1）有钱的；富的
a wealthy family 富裕的家庭
例句：If we want everyone to be healthy, wealthy and happy, strict birth control is quite essential.
如果我们想使每个人都能过健康、富裕和幸福的生活，就必须实行严格的计划生育。
（2）富于……的
a wealthy land富饶的土地 a country wealthy in natural resources 自然资源丰富的国家
wealthy in compassion 感情丰富
词汇拓展：
（1）wealthily adv. 富有地, 丰富地
（2）wealth n.
①[U]（大笔）财富，财产
例句：The father passed on the family's wealth to his son.这位父亲把大笔家产传给儿子。
②（与of连用）大量，许多
a wealth of examples 许多例子
a magazine with a wealth of photos 一本有许多图片的杂志
例句：She has a wealth of knowledge about plants. 她具有丰富的植物知识。
13. painful adj. （不可修饰人，反义词painless）
（1）使痛苦的；使痛的
例句：His head was very painful.他的头很疼。
（2）费心费力的; 困难的
a painful task 困难的任务a painful duty 费力的工作
词汇拓展：
（1）painfully adv. 痛苦地（反义词painlessly，无痛苦的；无需努力的，不费力的）
（2）pain n.
①痛苦；悲痛
例句：His bad behavior caused his parents a great deal of pain.
他的不良行为使他的父母感到非常痛苦。
②痛；疼痛
例句：He had a pain in his head.他头疼。
He has pains / a pain / pain in the shoulders.他两肩痛疼。
Has the pain passed off yet?不痛了吧?
③苦恼；烦闷； 讨厌的人；讨厌的物；厌恶
例句：She's a real pain.她真是一个令人讨厌的人。(= pain in the neck)
④(pl)辛苦；努力
例句：No pains, no gains.／No gains without pains. （谚）不劳则无获。
We must give him something. for his pains.我们必须给他点什么以便酬报他的辛劳。
常见短语：
be at pains to do sth. 苦心经营；辛苦地做
take pains (to do/in doing) 费苦心，努力做
14. attract vt.
（1）吸引
例句：She was attracted by the novel advertisement.她被这新颖的广告吸引住了。
I tried to attract his attention, but failed.我想要引起他的注意，却枉费心机。
（2）招引(多和to连用)
例句：What do you think attracts people to big cities?
你认为把人吸引到大城市的原因是什么？
He’s always attracted to women older than him.
他总是被年纪比她大的女性所迷住。
词汇拓展：
（1）attractive adj. 有吸力的；有魅力的
例句：Her dark eyes are very attractive. 她的黑眼睛很迷人。
（2）attraction [C,U] 吸引，吸引力，吸引人的事物
例句：The idea of working for state-owned enterprises has little attraction to young people nowadays.
现时去国营企业就职的想法对年青人没有多大吸引力。
The main attraction of the circus was a dancing bear.
那马戏团最精彩的节目是熊表演舞蹈。
（3）attractively adv. 动人地，迷人地
15. handsome adj. （字母d不发音）
（1）漂亮的，英俊的（男人）；健美的，温雅的（女人）
例句：He looks handsome and healthy. 他显得俊美，健康。
Would you describe that lady as handsome or beautiful?
你觉得那女子是体态俊俏（五官端正）还是美丽啊？
（2）慷慨的；大方的
a handsome present 大方的礼物
例句：Handsome is that (as) handsome does. （谚）慷慨仁慈才是真美。
It is handsome of you to give us so much. 你真好，给了我们这么多。
（3）相当大的，可观的：
a handsome prize 一笔巨额奖金 a handsome reward 一笔可观的报酬
16.announcement n.通告，宣告
例句：He waited for the announcement of the result of the competition with bated breath.
他屏息静气地等待宣布竞赛结果。
I’d like to make an important announcement.我要发表一项重要声明。
词汇拓展；
announce vt. 宣布, 通告，发表
例句：The captain announced that the plane was going to land.机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。
The government announced its new economic policies.政府发布了新的经济政策。
17. competitive adj. 竞争的
a competitive spirit 竞争精神
词语拓展：
（1）competition n.
①[U] 竞争
例句：He was in competition with 10 others for the job.
为得到这份工作他与10个人展开竞争。
Because there is so much unemployment, the competition for jobs is very fierce.
由于失业如此众多,求职的竞争十分激烈。
There is more competition than before.
现在竞争比以前增加了。
② [C] 竞赛
enter a competition 参加比赛
hold a golf competition 举办高尔夫比赛
例句：He takes part in a swimming competition.他参加游泳比赛。
It was a friendly competition. 这是一次友好的比赛。
注意：competition与game, race, match的区别在于：
game作“游戏，比赛”解,通常有一定规则，凡参加者均需遵守；说球赛, 美国人通
常用game，英国人则常用match。另外games(复数) 一般指大型的国际体育运动会, 如 the Olympic Games (奥运会), the Asian Games(亚运会)。
match 一般指竞技比赛, 如: 拳击、网球、高尔夫球等。
race 通常指赛跑、赛马、赛车、赛船等运动。
competition 意为:比赛, 竞争, 可指各种形式的竞赛。
（2）compete vi. 比赛, 竞争
例句：The children compete against (with) each other to reach the other end of the pool.
孩子们互相竞争着抵达池子的另一端。
The two teams competed for the championship.那两支队伍要争夺冠军。
Although there were only 4 horses competing, it was an exciting race.
虽然只有4匹马比赛, 这比赛仍很精彩。
All these countries competed in the trade. 所有这些国家都在贸易中进行竞争。
（3）competitor n. 对手；敌手；竞争者；比赛者
例句：There were 12 competitors in the two-hundred-meter dash.
有十二名选手参加二百米赛跑。
The number of the competitors is 40. 参加比赛的人数是40。
短语讲解：
1. feel like vt.
（1）（口语）意欲，想要，感觉想做……
例句：I feel like (having) a drink. 我想喝一杯。
Do you feel like taking a walk? 你要不要去散散步？
（2）摸（感觉）上去如同
例句：It feels like silk. 它摸起来像绸缎。
She felt like a princess in that dress.她穿上那件衣服后，觉得自己像个公主。
I feel like (like = as if) I am flying like a bird.我感觉自己就像鸟儿在飞翔。
短语拓展：
① look like 看上去似乎，好像
例句：She looks so much like her mother.她看起来很像她母亲。
Look at that dark cloud. It looks like rain.看看那乌云，好像要下雨了。
Everything on the ground looks like tiny toys when you look down from a plane.
从飞机上往下看，地上的东西都像是小小的玩具。
② sound like 听起来像
例句：It sounded like a train that was going under my house when the earthquake happened.
地震发生时，听起来像有列火车在我的房子底下穿行似的。
It sounds like American country music.这听起来像是美国乡村音乐。
What he said sounds like a lie. 他所说的话听来像是谎言。
2. live a … life 过着……的生活
live a busy but comfortable life 过着繁忙但舒适的生活
live a happy(simple) life 过着快乐（朴实）的生活
3. under pressure adv./adj 被迫；在强制下
例句：He doesn't work well under pressure. 他在压力之下不能很好地工作。
短语拓展：
（1）under the pressure of 在……逼迫下，在……压力下
例句：He’s under the pressure of business. 他经受着生意上的压力。
（2）put/bring pressure on/upon sb. to do sth.对某人施加压力
例句：They put/brought pressure on me to sell my precious land.
他们给我施加压力，要我买到宝贵的土地。
4. go on
（1）发生；恰巧发生：
例句：I didn't know what was going on.我不知道发生了什么事。
（2）（时间）经过，过去
例句：As the days went on, it grew colder. 随着日子一天天过去，天气越来越冷了。
（3）继续：
例句：Life must go on. 生命在延续。
I couldn’t finish my work, so I have to go on with it tomorrow.
我无法完成家庭作业，所以明天得继续做。
Don't go on talking. 不要继续讲了。
Time is short, so let’s go on to the next subject. 时间不多，我们进入下一个主题吧。
注意：go on to do sth.与go on doing sth./ go on with sth.的区别
①go on to do sth. 表示“干完某件事后，接着再干另一件事”。
例句：He finished reading the text and then went on to write a composition.
他读完课文后，接着又写了一篇作文。
The old man had a drink of tea before he went on to tell the story.
老人喝了一口茶，然后接着讲故事。
②go on doing sth./ go on with sth.继续不断地干某事,表示“某事未做完，继续做下去”。
例句：She went on reading Lesson 9 for half an hour第九课她连续不断地读了半小时。
（比较：She read Lesson 8 and then she went on to read Lesson 9. 她读完了第八课，接着就读第九课。）
Although he was tired, he went on working.虽然疲乏了，他仍然继续干工作。
（比较：After a short rest he went on to work.短暂休息之后，他接着干工作了。）
After having a rest, we went on doing our homework. 休息一会儿之后，我们接着做作业。（做同一件事情）
（比较：After having English lesson, we went on to have P.E. 上完英语课之后，我们接着上体育课。）
5. be happy with 对……满足的，满意的
例句：She is not happy with her present position as a typist.
她对于现在的打字员职位并不满意。
I’m not happy with your explanation.我对你的解释不满意。
短语拓展：
（1）be happy to do 高兴做……，做……而感到高兴
例句：I'll be happy to meet him.我将高兴地与他见面。
I'll be happy to meet them when I have time.我有空的时候,很乐意同他们见面。
（2）be happy that 高兴
例句：I'm very happy that your health is showing signs of improvement.
看到你的健康状况显出好转的迹象,我非常高兴。
I’m happy that you could stay with us.我很高兴你能暂住我们家。
（3）be happy at/about 高兴于……，知道……而高兴
例句：I was happy at the news of his return.我听到他归来的消息感到高兴。
She was happy about helping him with his studies.她很高兴能帮他搞研究。
6. agree with （反义词：disagree with）
（1）agree with sb. 同意某人的话
例句：I agree with you. = I agree with what you said. 我很赞同你。（我和你意见相同）
（2）适宜健康；与……相宜(通常用于否定句)
例句：The liquor did not agree with me.这酒不适合我喝。
（3）一致；相符合
例句：His story agrees with the facts. 他的陈述和事实相符。
短语拓展：
（1）agree on 对……达成协议，对……取得一致意见
例句：We agreed on a plan.我们商量后决定某一计划。
（2）agree to 同意（某提议等）
例句：I agreed to his proposal (plan).我同意他的提议（计划）。
（3）agree to do同意……
例句：We all agree to start at once. 我们全都同意立刻出发。
（4）agree that… 见解一致，承认
例句：I agree with you that he needs a rest.我同意你的说法，他需要休息。
He agreed that he should have been more careful.他承认他当初应该更谨慎些。
7. for pleasure=for fun adv. 为了取乐；当作玩笑；不是认真的
例句：Mr. Alexander doesn't just write for fun; in fact, writing is his bread and butter.
亚历山大从事写作不是为了好玩，事实上写作是他的谋生之道。
类似短语：
for laughs[美俚]为了取乐，作为消遣，借以开心
for love为了爱[兴趣]，由于爱好而做某事
for luck为了表示吉利，祝福
for money 现款交易
for nothing免费，徒然
for rent供出租
for safety为安全起见，以保证安全
for sale待售
for the future今后
8. find out 找出，发现，查明（真相等），揭发
例句：I found out the phone number by looking it up.通过查找我查到了电话号码。
Please find out when the ship sails for New York.请打听一下那艘船什么时候开往纽约。
Liars risk being found out.骗子冒着被揭穿的危险。
Most embezzlers are found out in the end.大多数贪污犯最后都被查出。
9. focus on vt. & vi.
（1）使集中在焦点上, 定焦点, 调焦
例句：A nearsighted person cannot focus on distant object.
近视的人无法把焦点对准远处的物体。
I focused the camera on her.我把照相机的焦点对准她。
（2）聚焦, 注视
例句：We must focus (our attention) on urgent problems.
我们必须把注意力集中在紧急的问题上。
10. get along (well) with
（1）相处(融洽)：
例句：How are you getting along with your new girlfriend? 你和新女友相处得如何？
－“How are you getting on with your classmates?”
“你同班上的同学相处得怎样?”
－“Quite well, thank you.” “挺好，谢谢。”
Yang Mei is getting on well with her foreign friends.
杨梅同她的外国朋友们相处得很好。
（2）进展
例句：How are you getting along with your work? 你的工作进展如何？
－“How are you getting on with your business?”“你的生意做得怎么样?”
－“Not bad, thank you.” “还不错，谢谢。”
At first she didn't get on well with her job.一开始她的工作做得并不好。
11. decide on 对……作出决定（指经过考虑或讨论研究作出决定）
例句：She decided on the red shoes.她决定要买那双红鞋。
They decided on spending the vacation by the sea.他们决定在海边度假。
He decided on taking the position at the bank. (=He decided to take the position at the bank.)
他决定担任银行的职务。
12. be different from 与……不同
例句：My opinion is different from yours.我的意见和你的不相同。
City life is very different from country life.都市生活和乡村生活是非常不同的。
短语拓展：
（1）tell the difference between（between A and B）
tell常与情态动词 can或 be able to连用，意为“断定，清楚地知道”。
例如：Who can tell what will happen？谁能预知将会发生什么事呢？
People can't tell the difference between the twin brothers. 人们分辨不出这对孪生兄弟。
Can you tell the difference between these two words?你能讲得出这两个词的区别吗？
（2）be different in… 在……方面不同于
例句：They are quite different in their tastes.他们的品位差异很大。
13. get across （使）越过，通过，被理解
例句：I have tried to get my point across.我已尽力让我的观点清晰明了。
How can I get across to the students?我怎样才能让学生心服口服?
14. calm down 平静下来，镇定下来
例句：It was difficult to calm down the football fans.要使足球迷们平静下来是很困难的。
15. build up 增进；加强
build up one's strength增强体力
例句：But at sea the wind can build up giant, powerful waves.
但是在海上,风能形成巨大强劲的波浪。
Hard working conditions build up character. (喻)艰苦的工作条件能磨练人的性格。
Promote physical culture and build up the people's health.发展体育运动,增强人民体质。
I'm very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up.
看到你的词汇量在逐渐增长,我很高兴。
16. due to adv. 由于，因为；由……引起；
accidents due to driving at high speed由于高速开车而引起的交通事故。
例句：Her illness was due to bad food.她的病是坏了的食物造成的。
17. give away vt.
（1）送掉，分发，免费赠予
例句：He gave all his lands to the city.他把他所有的土地捐赠给那个城市。
（2）放弃，泄露
例句：She is sure to give away your secret.她一定会泄露你的秘密。
（3）出卖，背叛
例句：However, it was her face that gave her away. 然而，她的表情背叛了她。
疑难辨析：
1. feeling，emotion，passion，sentiment
（1）这些名词指的是情绪反应，并通常指强烈的主观的个人反应，例如爱或恨。尽管feeling和emotion 有时可以互换使用，但feeling 更概括更中性：
feelings of hope and joy 充满希望和快乐的感觉
a feeling of inferiority 自卑感
religious feelings 宗教情感
a feeling of discomfort 不舒服的感觉
I have a feeling he'll come.
我觉得他要来了。
He had lost all feeling in the left leg.
他的左腿完全失去了知觉。
（2）emotion常被认为是这两个词条中较强烈的一个，暗含兴奋或焦虑的意思：
He has difficulty controlling his emotions.
他很难控制自己的感情。
Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion.
诗不是情感的转向松弛，而是情感的出口。
（3）passion指强烈的、咄咄逼人的情感：
They seemed like ungoverned children inflamed with the fiercest passions of men.
他们看起来像狂野不羁的孩子，却燃烧着男子汉最炽烈的情感。
（4）sentiment常指由情感或受情感影响而产生的想法或意见：
What are your sentiments about the government's policies?
你对政府的政策有什么想法？
Reason should not be guided by sentiment.理智不应受感情左右。
There is no sentiment in business affairs.商场上是不讲情面的。
2. separate，divide，part，divorce
当这些动词意为变得或使变得分开的，断开的或分离的时，可对它们进行比较。
（1）separate 意指放置为相隔的和保持相隔的：
The Pyrenees separates France and Spain. 比利牛斯将法国和西班牙分开。
The child's parents have separated. 这孩子的父母已经分居了。
He separated the big eggs from the small ones.他把大蛋和小蛋分了开来。
（2）divide暗示通过或好像通过切开、劈开或分割形成几部分、几份额或几份来分离：
We divided the orange into segments. 我们将橘子分成几部分。
（3）part最经常指亲密关系的人或事的分离：
None shall part us from each other. 没有什么能将我们分开。
I remember the way we parted. 我记得我们分开的情形。
（4）divorce暗指一个关系或联盟的组成成分的分离：
He got divorced from his wife last month.他上个月和妻子离婚了。
3. distant，far，faraway，remote
这些形容词都表示在时间、空间或关系上的远离、远隔或分开。
（1）distant可指具体的间隔
a house a mile distant from town 距市镇一英里的房屋
heard the sound of distant traffic 听到远处汽车发出的声音
（2）far用来指长距离的远离：
We are/come from a far country. 我们来自一个遥远的国度。
He seems so near, and yet so far. 他看上去是这么近，却又是那么远。
（3）faraway表示比 far更大的距离：
troops landing on far-off shores上了远处海岸的部队；
faraway mountains and lakes远处的群山和湖泊。
（4）remote不仅指远而且表示同时远离说话者所在的地点：
remote stars遥远的星星；
a remote outpost of civilization遥远的文明界线；
the remote past. 久远的过去。
4. used to do, be/grow/become/get used to (doing), be used to do
（1）used to表示过去发生的习惯性动作，现在已无此习惯。
例如：He used to smoke.他过去常常吸烟。（现在戒了）
He used to be strong when he was in junior middle school. (= He was strong, but not now.)
他读初中时身体曾经是健壮的。（内含的意思是“现在不健壮了。）
There used to be lots of apple trees around the house 10 years ago. （=There were lots of apple trees…, but there aren't any now.）
十年前，这座房子四周曾经有着许多苹果树。（内含的意思是“现在没有了”。）
（2）be/grow/become/get used to (doing) sth. （开始／逐渐／变得）习惯做某事
例句：The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness.
太空人很快就习惯了失重状态。
I am used to traveling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened.
我习惯了乘飞机旅行，只有一次我可给吓怕了。
You must get used to getting up early. 你必须习惯于早起。
（3）be used to do被用来做……
例句：Wood can be used to make tables. 木头被用来做成桌子。
5. take place, take the place of
（1）take place意为“发生、举行”，是一个不及物动词词组。
例句：Great changes have taken place in China. 中国发生了巨大的变化。
（2）take the place of 代替，取代
例句：Plastics have taken the place of many materials. 塑料已取代了许多材料。
No one can take the place of your manager. 没有人能够接替你们经理的工作。
6. It + be + 时间 + since-clause
It + be + 时间 + before-clause
It + be + 时间 + when-clause
It + be + 时间状语 + that-clause
It + be + time + that-clause
It / This / That + the first(second , third …) time + that-clause
在学习中，同学们对“It + be + 时间 + 从句”这个结构经常混淆不清，下面逐一进行分析。
（1）It + be + 时间 + since-clause
这个句型表示从since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为“自从……以来已多久了”，主句多用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时，如果表示过去的情况，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时，或主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
例如：It is (has been) three years since his father passed away. （从现在算起）
自从她的父亲去世已经三年了。
It was (had been) 10 years since they married. （从过去算起）他们结婚十年了。
注意：It’s + time +since I did sth. 其中从句的动词是可延续性的动词时，则表示从句的动作已经结束，译成汉语是否定的。
例如：?Have some Maotai, please. ?No, thanks. It’s three years ______ I drank.
A. before B. since C. after D. when
答案B。该句意为：不，我已经戒烟三年了。与上下文语境符合。
（2）It + be + 时间 + before-clause
这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语（如：long years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes），主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才……”。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就……”。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be；用was 时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be 时，before从句常用一般现在时。
例如：It was not long before she learned those poems by heart.
她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。
It was long before the police arrived.过了很久警察才来。
It will be hours before he makes a decision.要过好几个小时他才会做出决定。
It will not be hours before meet again.要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。
（3）It + be + 时间 + when-clause
这是个定语从句。在这个句型中, it 指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词（时间一般为具体时间）。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的。
例如：It was already 8 o'clock when we got home. 我们到家时已经八点了。
It was the next morning when we finished our work. 第二天早上我们才干完活。
It will be midnight when they get there. 我们到达时将会是午夜了。
（4）It + be + 时间 + that-clause
这个句型是个强调句型。
例如：It was two years ago that he made an important invention.
（原句是：He made an important invention two years ago.）
是在两年前他做出一项重大发明。
It was at 5 o'clock that he practiced playing the violin in the morning.
（原句是：He practiced playing the violin at 5 o'clock in the morning.）
早上他练习拉小提琴的时间是在五点钟。
比较：It was 5 o'clock when he started in the morning.
（5 o'clock前没有介词，这是个定语从句）
（5）It + be + time + that-clause
这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中用的是 is 或 was ，that从句都须用动词的过去式或should + 动词原型（但不及用过去式普通），在time之前有时可加上high或about 以加强语气。
例如：It is time (that) we handed in our exercises.
（= It is time that we should hand in our exercises.）
我们该交练习作业了。
It is high time (that) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.
该是她给男朋友写信的时候了。
（6）It / This / That + the first(second , third…) time + that-clause
这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历，关键是注意time前有序数词，主句是is时，从句要用现在完成时；如果主句用一般过去时was，则从句须相应地用过去完成时。
例如：This is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
这些欧洲人是第一次参观长城。
It was the fifth time (that) I had paid a friendly visit to Africa.
这是我第五次友好访问非洲了。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：20分钟）
一、听力
听力文件（略）
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置上，每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Husband and wife.
B. Doctor and patient.
C. Salesman and customer.
2. What does the man want to do?
A. He wants to know where the computers are.
B. He wants to sell computer disks.
C. He wants to buy computer disks.
3. What are they going to do?
A. To see an exhibition.
B. To have a meeting.
C. To listen to a lecture.
4. Where are the two speakers?
A. In a restaurant. B. In a hotel. C. In the street.
5. What did the boy do before he came home?
A. He played basketball.
B. He watched a game.
C. He went to school.
第二节 听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷上。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段对话，回答第6～7题。
6. For whom does the woman probably want to buy a ski jacket?
A. For her husband. B. For her son. C. For her daughter.
7. Why doesn't the woman buy the jacket?
A. It's too expensive.
B. It's too big.
C. She doesn't like the colors.
听第7段对话，回答第8～10题
8. Why does the man make the phone call?
A. He wants to book some seats for the show.
B. He wants to get some information about the show.
C. He wants to know on what day the show will be given.
9. How much does the tickets cost if the man wants to buy one.
A. 30 dollars. B. 13 dollars. C. 33 dollars.
10. When will the show probably end?
A. At 10：00 p. m.
B. At 8：00 p. m.
C. At about midnight.
听第8段对话，回答第11～13题。
11. Who is Ken?
A. Beth's brother.
B. Beth's boy friend.
C. Beth's father.
12. Where did Beth go last night?
A. She went to a bar with her friend.
B. She went to a cinema with Ken.
C. She went to a party with her parents.
13. What does Beth's brother think she should do?
A. She'd better look for a new boy friend.
B. She'd better buy something for herself.
C. She'd better ask herself if she wants anything.
听第9段对话，回答14～16题。
14. What do both of the two speakers want to do in the coming new year?
A. To save some money.
B. To work harder.
C. To lose weight.
15. What did Henry do last year?
A. He joined a health club.
B. He stopped smoking.
C. He got a good job.
16. Who wants to have a nice vacation?
A. Jeff. B. Alice. C. Henry.
听第10段独白，回答17～20题。
17. Who is the speaker?
A. An official. B. A tourist. C. A guide.
18. When can you come if you want to see how bread was baked 200 years ago?
A. On Sunday afternoon.
B. On Tuesday morning.
C. On Saturday afternoon.
19. Where did Sir Henry come from?
A. England. B. The USA. C. France.
20. How many interesting places are mentioned here?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.
二、英语知识运用
第一节：单项填空
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合空白处的最佳选项。
21. ______ it is to go for a picnic on such a fine day!
A. What a fun B. What fun
C. How fun D. How a fun
22. We'll hold the meeting in the open air ______ in the meeting room.
A. instead B. in place
C. instead of D. in place of
23. This kind of paper was as soft and light as silk but ______ expensive.
A. not much B. much less
C. so little D. no such
24. ?Let me introduce myself, I'm Albert.
?______.
A. What a pleasure B. It's my pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you D. I'm very pleased
25. His lovely explanation made the students ______ in his teaching.
A. interest B. interesting
C. interested D. to interest
26. Is there any difference ______ American English and British English?
A. from B. between C. among D. for
27. ______ giving us a hand, he stood there laughing.
A. Without B. Instead of
C. While D. Instead
28. These shoes cost ______. What's more, they are ______ small for me.
A. much too; too much B. too much; much too
C. very much; very D. very much; much
29. He works seven days a week, and six of ______ until one o'clock at night.
A. that B. the time C. which D. them
30. ______ is impossible ______ the work on time.
A. It; for us to finish B. It; of us to finish
C. That; for us finish D. It; for us finishing
31. It was ______ late to catch a bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi and went home directly.
A. too very B. much too C. too much D. far
32. Let Harry play with your toy as well, Clare. You must learn to ________.
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
33. Could you go and __________, please?
A. find what the matter is with Tom B. find out what the matter is with Tom
C. find out what’s the matter with Tom D. be sure what is the matter of Tom
34. ?Mrs Brown is always beautifully dressed.
?Yes, she wears _______ nice clothes!
A. so B. such C. such a D. so much
35. ?Let me introduce myself. I'm Li Ping.?
? .?
A. What a pleasure B. It's a pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you D. I'm very glad.
第二节：完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
A high school history teacher once told us, “If you make one close friend in school, you will be most fortunate. A true friend is someone who stays with you for life.” 36 teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily37.
It is possible that we simply do not stay in one place long enough for a 38 friendship to develop. However, there can be no disagreement on the 39 for each of us to think carefully about the 40 of friendship we want.
To most of us, friendships are 41 very important, but we need to have clear in our 42 the kinds of friendship we want. Are they to be close or 43 at arm's length? Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the 44? For some people, many friendships on the surface are 45 enough and that's all right. But at some point, 46 to make sure that our expectations are the same as our friends' expectations. The 47 of personal experience including our tears as well as our dark dreams is the 48 way to deepen friendships. But it must be undertaken（进行）slowly and 49 only if there are signs of interest and action in return.
What are some of the 50 of friendship? The greatest is the attraction to expect too much time. Another “ 51 difficulty” is the selfishness to take actions too soon. Deep relationships 52 one “possesses” the other, including his time and attention.53, friendships in return. In other words, you must give as much as you take. 54 there is a question of taking care of them. 55 you spend reasonable time together, talking on the phone, writing letters, doing things together, friendships will die away.
36. A. Knowledge B. Practice C. Experience D. Success
37. A. understood B. formed C. realized D. produced
38. A. true B. common C. short D. whole
39. A. hope B. difference C. need D. courage
40. A. kind B. length C. warmth D. value
41. A. made B. considered C. explained D. reminded
42. A. hearts B. thoughts C. actions D. minds
43. A. remained B. left C. kept D. stayed
44. A. mud B. surface C. ice D. feet
45. A. long B. easy C. quite D. not
46. A. it needs B. we need C. one needs D. they need
47. A. spreading B. sharing C. seeking D. showing
48. A. easiest B. latest C. worst D. surest
49. A. watched over B. turned away
C. broken down D. carried on
50. A. difficulties B. differences
C. advantages D. types
51. A. actual B. rough C. upset D. major
52. A. require B. request C. depend D. suggest
53. A. Surprisingly B. Fortunately
C. Similarly D. Frequently
54. A. Finally B. GraduallyC. Obviously D. Curiously
55. A. Though B. Unless C. Since D. When
【试题答案】
一、听力：
1. M: Oh, I can't find my book. Do you know where it is, darling?
W: I saw it on the coffee table this morning.
M: You're right. Here it is. It was under the newspaper.
答案：A
2. M: Excuse me. Do you sell computer disks?
W: Oh, yes. We sell all types of disks.
M: Great. And where do you keep them?
答案：C
3. M: We're going to listen to a lecture about environment protection.
W: Really? I thought we'd go to see an exhibition.
答案：A
4. W: Front desk. Can I help you?
M: Yeah, hi, this is Room 327. Is your dining-room still open?
答案：B
5. W: Hi, Mum. We won the basketball game at last. I scored a lot.
M: Great! Your dad will be very proud of you.
答案：A
听第6段对话，回答第6～7题。
W: Excuse me. Could you help me?
M: Certainly. What can I do for you?
W: We're looking for a girl's ski jacket. I like this style. Do you have it in size 10?
M: Let me see…Size 4,6,8…Here we are. Size 10.
W: Oh, I don't really like yellow. What other colors does it come in?
M: It comes in red, pink, light blue, and black.
W: The pink is nice. How much is it?
M: It's $ 160.
W: Oh, well, it's a bit too dear. We'll have to think about it.
答案：6. C 7. A
听第7段对话，回答第8～10题
W: Madison Square Carden. Can I help you?
M: Yes. Do you have any more tickets for the concert on Friday night?
W: Do you mean the Rock ＆ Roll Rivival Show? Yes, we still have some $ 30 tickets left.
M: Great. OK, and is the box office open now?
W: Yes, the box office is open from 10:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
M: Oh, by the way, what time does the show start?
W: It starts at 8:00 in the evening.
M: And what time does it end?
W: Well, there are four bands, so it'll probably end about midnight.
M: Thanks a lot.
W: No problem.
答案：8. B 9. A 10. C
听第8段对话，回答第11～13题。
M: OK, what's the problem? Do you want to talk about it?
W: No…Yes…I don't know.
M: Come on, Beth, I'm your brother－what's the matter?
W: It's Ken. He's really fun to be with, but he's the cheapest guy I've ever gone out with.
M: Why? What did he do?
W: Last night we went to a movie. I bought the tickets while he parked the car.
M: So?
W: Well, he never gave me any money for his ticket. And you won't believe what happened next!
M: Yeah ?
W: He went to the snack bar and came back with popcorn and coca…for himself! He never even asked me if I wanted anything!
M: Wow! That sounds pretty bad.
W: I know. I really like him, but he makes me mad, too. What should I do?
M: You should start looking for a new boyfriend!
答案：11. B 12. B 13. A
听第9段对话,回答14～16题。
M: Hi, Alice, have you made any New Year's decision?
W: Just the usual. I'd like to lose some weight, and I want to save some money.
M: Come on. Everybody makes those decisions.
W:I know, Henry. Well, I hope I'll get a good job after I graduate this summer. But that's not a decision. I'm going to work harder. How about you?
M: Hmm. I stopped smoking last June. That was last year's promise myself.
W: So what do you want to do this year?
M:I want to start getting more exercise. I have to lose weight, so I'd like to join a healthy club.
W: I'd like, too. Jeff told me he'd like to treat himself a really nice vacation.
M: Oh? Where did he think he would go?
W: He might go to a quiet beach in Mexico, or go fishing in Canada. He hasn't made up his mind yet.
答案：14. C 15. B 16. A
听第10段独白，回答17～20题。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to our tour. This morning, we're going to take you to some points of historical interest in the city. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask.
If you look out of the window on your right, you'll see the Grange. One of the oldest buildings in the city, it was built for our first may or 200 years ago, and still has most of the original furniture. Perhaps the most interesting thing is that every Saturday afternoon, you can come and watch them bake bread the way it was done 200 years ago.
On your left is University College. This university building is just 125 years old. We'll be stopping in a moment at Bridgeton Castle. This castle was built by Sir Henry Pellat for his young wife. He bought almost all of the building materials from England. Notice the beautiful glass windows. Unfortunately, Sir Henry's young wife became ill and died before the castle was completed. Sir Henry became so unhappy that he left the castle and returned to England. No family members ever lived there.
答案：17. C 18. C 19. A 20.B
二、英语知识运用
第一节 单项选择
21. 解析：本题考查名词fun的用法。因为fun是名词，排除C、D两项。fun意为“有趣的人或事”，是不可数名词，不能用a修饰，排除A。故答案为B。
答案：B
22. 解析：instead of后可跟名词、动名词和介词短语。本句句意为：我们举行露天会议而不在会议室召开。in place of意为“尽管有”，后跟名词、代词、动名词。
答案：C
23. 解析：从整句来看，此处应是和丝绸的对比关系，much可修饰比较级。
答案：B
24. 解析：introduce myself“作自我介绍”。Pleased to meet you是初次见面用语。
答案：C
25. 解析：考查动词make后接复合宾语的用法。用“make＋sb. / sth. ＋宾补”这一句型用来说明宾语sb. / sth. 的状况时，宾补多用形容词。注意B、C项都是形容词，B项多说明物，C项多说明人。
答案：C
26. 解析：句型：There is…difference between A and B / between the two.
答案：B
27. 解析：本句句意为：他不帮助我们，却站在那儿发笑。while要跟从句，instead是副词，不跟宾语；without意思不通。
答案：B
28. 解析：too much的用法类似much，可作名词用。much too的用法类似too，只用来修饰形容词、副词，本句句意为：这鞋子太贵，而且我穿也太小了，故不买。Too…for…意为“太……而不……”。
答案：B
29. 解析：句中连用and表明C项不合要求，and后面部分没有主语及谓语，因此不是并列分句，而是并列时间状语，表示six of the seven days，用them指代“七天”，B项the time太模糊。
答案：D
30. 解析：第一个空白处为形式主语，只可用it。第二个空白处为不定式复合结构作真正主语。译为：我们按时完成这项工作是不可能的。句型：
It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.
答案：A
31. B32. D33. C34. B35.C
第二节 完型填空
36. 解析：经验可以证明该历史老师说的话是正确的。
答案：C
37. 解析：从上下文可知，真诚的友谊是不容易建立起来的。
答案：B
38. 解析：在一处地方呆得时间较短时，是不大可能与别人发展起来真挚的友谊的。
答案：A
39. 解析：no disagreement为双重否定，此句意是人们都认为我们每一个人都有必要认真考虑我们需要什么样的友谊。
答案：C
40. A41. B
42. 解析：have…in one's mind“想到，想清楚”。
答案：D
43. 解析：keep…at arm's length“保持一定的距离”，此处用了被动语态。
答案：C
44. 解析：根据下一句可知答案。
答案：B
45. 解析：“对于某些人来说，与人保持表面的友谊就足够了。”
答案：C
46. 解析：根据句子结构和句意可知答案。
答案：B
47. 解析：句意是“与人分享自己的经历，包括眼泪和噩梦才最有可能加深友谊”。
答案：B
48. D
49. 解析：carry on“继续，进行下去”。
答案：D
50. A51. D
52. 解析：require“需要”。
答案：A
53. 解析：similarly“同样地”。
答案：C
54. 解析：最后一段列举了发展友谊的几个困难，由文中的“the greatest”“another”两个信息词可推断此处用finally最佳。
答案：A
55. B
2011-2012学年高一英语必修1（冀教版）素材（含教案和练习）
Unit 2 Friendship （1）
一. 内容：
Unit 2 Friendship（I）
词汇解析：
1. express
（1）vt.
①表达；表示
例句：She expressed her thanks (to us). 她（对我们）表示感谢。
His face expressed his disappointment.他脸上浮现出失望的表情。
I cannot express (to you) how encouraging your letter was.
你的来信多么令人鼓舞，我无法用言语表达。
常见短语：
express oneself 表达自己的意思
例句：He expressed himself clearly in English. 他用英文清楚地表达自己的意思。
②快运、快递、快汇（信件、货物等）
express an urgent letter 以快递寄出紧急信件
（2）adj. 快速的；快递的
an express train快车
an express highway 高速公路
（3）n. 快车 (= express train) ；快递服务，快件服务
the 9:00 p.m. express to Ottawa 下午九点开往渥太华的快车
例句：I sent the parcel by express. 我以快递的形式寄那个包裹。
（4）adv. 快速地；用快递方式地
to sent the parcel express包裹寄快件
例句：He traveled express. 他搭快车去。
词汇拓展：
（1）expression n. 表达，说明；表情；措词或短语
例句：They greeted him with many expressions of pleasure.
他们说了许多表示欢迎他的话。
Her expression showed that she was angry. 从她的表情可知道她正在生气。
This expression is against idiom. 这一表达方式不合乎语言习惯。
常见短语：
①beyond (past) expression adj./adv. 无法形容（表达）的（地）
例句：The bride was lovely beyond expression. 那新娘美得无法形容。
②find expression in vt. 表现在……
例句：Her passion found expression in her painting. 她的热情表现在她的画中。
（2）expressionless adj. 无表情的；缺乏表情的；呆板的
例句：Their faces remained expressionless as they listened to the bad news.
听到那坏消息时，他们的脸上仍然毫无表情
（3）expressive adj. 表现的，表达……的，有表现力的，富于表情的
an expressive glance 含情脉脉的一瞥
an expressive gesture 意图明确的手势
例句：The actor has an expressive face. 那个演员的脸表情丰富。
（4）expressively adv. 善于表现地；表情丰富地；意味深长地
2. college n.
（1）学院；大学
常见词组：
a medical college 医学院 college courses学院课程 college faculty学院教师
college education大学教育 go to college上大学 enter college 进大学
例句：The college is located next to the airport. 学院在机场旁边。
Their son will start college in January. 他们的儿子将于一月份开始上大学。
（2）协会；社团；学会
the Royal College of Nurses 皇家护士协会
the College of Physicians 医师公会
3. entrance n.
（1）[C] 入口，进口
例句：He stood in the entrance of the hospital.他站在医院入口处。
Visitors are asked to go into the museum by the front entrance / entry.
要求观众从前门进入博物馆。
“Excuse me, where is the entrance to the exhibition hall?”
“对不起，请问展览大厅的入口处在哪里?”
the entrance to…通向……的入口处。
常用to…表示“……的”的名词有：
a key to the door 开门的钥匙 the answer to the exercise 这道题的答案
the way to the castle 到城堡的路 the road to the tower 通向塔的马路
a reply to the manager 对经理的答复
（2）[C,U] 进入；入场
例句：The actor made only two entrances.那位演员只上过两次台。
Entrance is permitted only on production of a ticket.出示票方可入场。
（3）[U]进入的权利；入学许可
gain entrance to university 获得大学入学许可
entrance fee 入场费；入会费
entrance examination 入学考试；进入公司的考试
词汇拓展：
enter v.
（1）vt. 进入
例句：The train entered the tunnel.火车进入了隧道。
（2）加入; 参加; 入学
例句：I entered this company five years ago.我五年前进入这家公司。
He entered university at the age of 21.他21岁时进入大学。
Her dream to enter the famous university came true.
她要进入名牌大学学习的梦想实现了。
（3）登记；记入
例句：We entered our names in the guest book.我们在来客名薄上写下姓名。
I entered my name for the exam.我报名参加那项考试。
常用短语：
（1）enter for 报名参加
例句：Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!
我每年也报名参加花园大赛，但我总是得全镇最差花园的小奖!
Lot of cars entered for this race last year.
去年，很多小汽车参加了这种比赛。
（2）enter into 开始；着手；成为…的一部分
例句：Our shop has entered into a contract with a clothing firm to buy 100 T-shirts a week.
我们商店与一家服装公司达成了每星期批发一百件T恤衫的合同。
We'll enter into details at the next meeting. 关于细节问题我们下次会议上再讨论。
Rice has largely entered into their diet. 大米已成为他们的主食之一。
4. examination n.
（1）考试；测验 (= exam)
例句：Have you passed the examination you took last month?
你上个月参加的考试通过了吗？
We’ll have an oral examination in English tomorrow.
我们明天要考英语口试。
She usually gets over 80 points in any examination.
她通常任何考试都在80分以上。
常见词组：
an entrance examination 入学考试take an examination 参加考试
pass (fail) an examination 考试及格（不及格）cheat in an examination 考试作弊
（2）检查
a medical examination体格检查
词汇拓展：
examine vt.
（1）检查；细查
例句：The doctor examined her carefully.医生给她作了仔细的检查。
Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass.
昨天，消防队员们仔细地检查了地面，但未能找到任何碎玻璃。
例句：My suitcases were examined at the Customs when I entered the country.
入境时，我的提包在海关受到了检查。
（2）测验
例句：I examined students in English (on the previous lessons).
我测验学生（前面几课的）英文。
5. extremely adv. 极端地；非常地
例句：I'm extremely sorry.我非常抱歉。
It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task.
这是一项极度困难危险的任务。
词汇拓展：
extreme
（1）adj. 尽头的, 极端的, 极度的, 偏激的
例句：He lives at the extreme edge of the forest.他住在森林的最边上。
His political ideas are rather extreme.他的政治思想相当极端。
（2）n. 极端, 极端的事物
例句：Sometimes he eats too much and sometimes nothing. He goes from one extreme to the other.
他有时吃得太多，有时不吃，从一个极端走到另一极端。
Extremes meet. （谚）两极相通。
常见短语：
go（be driven）to extremes 走极端
in the extreme 极，非常
6. similar adj. 相像的，相似的；近似的
例句：My new dress is similar to the one you have.我的新衣服和你的那件相似。
Your views of education are similar to mine.你的教育观点和我的类似。
All big cities are quite similar.所有的大城市差不多大同小异。
词汇拓展：
similarity n.类似，类似处
a similarity of writing styles 写作风格的相似之处
a similarity between the sisters 两姐妹之间的相似之处
7. introduce vt.
（1）（与to连用）介绍
例句：He introduced his friend to me.他把朋友介绍给我。
Let me introduce myself; my name is Simpson.让我作自我介绍吧,我名叫辛普森。
（2）（与to，into连用）引进，引入
例句：New Paris fashions are introduced into Shanghai every year.
巴黎的新流行式样每年都被引进上海。
（3）（与to连用）引导，使入门；启蒙
例句：He introduced me to weightlifting.他带领我认识举重。
词汇拓展：
（1）introduction n.
①介绍
例句：He made the introduction at the party. 他在聚会上介绍大家认识。
②导入；采用
例句：The introduction of new advanced techniques in the factory is under discussion today.
在工厂采用新的先进技术的问题是今天的议题。
③导言，绪论，入门
An Introduction to Sociology 社会科学入门
an introduction to an advanced course 高级课程指南
（2）introductory adj. 介绍性的; 引言的，导论的
例句：The dean made a few introductory remarks before the lecture.
系主任在讲课前讲了几句开场白。
8. creative adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的
creative work创造性的工作 creative writing有创意的写作
例句：Human beings are creative animals.人类是有创造力的动物。
词汇拓展：
（1）create vt.创造，创作，引起，造成
例句：All men are created equal. 人人生而平等。
Shakespeare created many famous characters.莎士比亚创造了许多有名的角色。
His words created an awkward situation.他的话引起了尴尬的场面。
（2）creation n.创造，创作物
例句：Man is the lord of creation. 人类是万物之灵。
（3）creatively adv. 创造地，有创意地
（4）creativity n.创造力，独创性
9. continue v.
（1）vi., vt 继续
例句：The discussion continued after a break.那项讨论在短暂的休息后继续进行。
I’ll continue my study for another year.我将再继续学习一年。
He continued reading (to read) when I spoke to him.当我给他说话时他仍然继续阅读。
（2）vi. 持续，仍旧
例句：According to the weather report, the weather will continue fine till this weekend.
据天气预报,到本周末天气仍然很好。
（3）vi. vt. 留任
例句：She continued as mayor for a second term.她连任了一期市长。
10. secret
（1） adj. 保密的；只有少数人知道的
例句：Don't tell anyone about our plan, keep it a secret ? it's a secret plan.
不要对任何人讲我们的计划，要保密，这是一个秘密计划。
Someone has stolen the secret formula for the new drug.有人盗走了我们新药的秘密配方。
He escaped through a secret door. 他是从一个暗门逃走的。
（2）n. 秘密，机密; 奥秘，神秘; 秘诀，诀窍；秘方
the secret of nature 自然的奥秘an open secret 公开的秘密
a top secret 绝密keep a secret 守秘密kept his secret 替他保密
in secret 秘密地 （=secretly, adv.）their secret thoughts 他们内心的想法
例句：What is the secret of his success? 他成功的秘诀是什么？
We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret, which has been concealed from strangers for years.
表面上道貌岸然的人或有声望的家庭，却有着骇人听闻，多年不让人知道的秘密，这样的事情我们经常在小说里读到。
The secret of this dish is in the sauce.使这道菜好吃的秘诀在于调味汁。
11. spread vt., vi. (spread, spread; spreading)
（1）（常与out连用）张开；伸展；延长；加宽
例句：The bird spread its wings.这只鸟展开翅膀。
Father spread the world map out flat on the floor and tried to find out the town where his son was fighting.
父亲把世界地图平摊在地板上,努力寻找他儿子正在战斗的小镇。
In these two years the city has quickly spread for ten miles to the north.
这两年里城市很快地向北延伸了 10 英里。
（2）蔓延；扩散
例句：The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby. 火从工厂蔓延到附近的房舍。
The illness spread through the village. 这种病在村里蔓延开了。
How terrible! The forest fire spread quickly. 真可怕！火势在迅速地蔓延。
（3）薄薄地涂……；覆盖；涂敷
a field spread with wild flowers 野花遍地的田野
例句：She spread the bread with butter. (=She spread butter on the bread.)
她把黄油涂在面包上。
（4）传播，传布
例句：He spread the information around.他到处散布那个消息。
The news spread through the school very quickly.那消息很快就传遍了整个学校。
The story of these advanced workers spread quickly. 这些先进工人的事迹很快就传开了。
词汇拓展：
the spread of … “……的普及；……的传播；……的蔓延”。
这里 spread 是名词。
the spread of a disease 一种疾病的蔓延 the spread of education 教育的普及
12. wealthy adj.（wealthier，wealthiest）
（1）有钱的；富的
a wealthy family 富裕的家庭
例句：If we want everyone to be healthy, wealthy and happy, strict birth control is quite essential.
如果我们想使每个人都能过健康、富裕和幸福的生活，就必须实行严格的计划生育。
（2）富于……的
a wealthy land富饶的土地 a country wealthy in natural resources 自然资源丰富的国家
wealthy in compassion 感情丰富
词汇拓展：
（1）wealthily adv. 富有地, 丰富地
（2）wealth n.
①[U]（大笔）财富，财产
例句：The father passed on the family's wealth to his son.这位父亲把大笔家产传给儿子。
②（与of连用）大量，许多
a wealth of examples 许多例子
a magazine with a wealth of photos 一本有许多图片的杂志
例句：She has a wealth of knowledge about plants. 她具有丰富的植物知识。
13. painful adj. （不可修饰人，反义词painless）
（1）使痛苦的；使痛的
例句：His head was very painful.他的头很疼。
（2）费心费力的; 困难的
a painful task 困难的任务a painful duty 费力的工作
词汇拓展：
（1）painfully adv. 痛苦地（反义词painlessly，无痛苦的；无需努力的，不费力的）
（2）pain n.
①痛苦；悲痛
例句：His bad behavior caused his parents a great deal of pain.
他的不良行为使他的父母感到非常痛苦。
②痛；疼痛
例句：He had a pain in his head.他头疼。
He has pains / a pain / pain in the shoulders.他两肩痛疼。
Has the pain passed off yet?不痛了吧?
③苦恼；烦闷； 讨厌的人；讨厌的物；厌恶
例句：She's a real pain.她真是一个令人讨厌的人。(= pain in the neck)
④(pl)辛苦；努力
例句：No pains, no gains.／No gains without pains. （谚）不劳则无获。
We must give him something. for his pains.我们必须给他点什么以便酬报他的辛劳。
常见短语：
be at pains to do sth. 苦心经营；辛苦地做
take pains (to do/in doing) 费苦心，努力做
14. attract vt.
（1）吸引
例句：She was attracted by the novel advertisement.她被这新颖的广告吸引住了。
I tried to attract his attention, but failed.我想要引起他的注意，却枉费心机。
（2）招引(多和to连用)
例句：What do you think attracts people to big cities?
你认为把人吸引到大城市的原因是什么？
He’s always attracted to women older than him.
他总是被年纪比她大的女性所迷住。
词汇拓展：
（1）attractive adj. 有吸力的；有魅力的
例句：Her dark eyes are very attractive. 她的黑眼睛很迷人。
（2）attraction [C,U] 吸引，吸引力，吸引人的事物
例句：The idea of working for state-owned enterprises has little attraction to young people nowadays.
现时去国营企业就职的想法对年青人没有多大吸引力。
The main attraction of the circus was a dancing bear.
那马戏团最精彩的节目是熊表演舞蹈。
（3）attractively adv. 动人地，迷人地
15. handsome adj. （字母d不发音）
（1）漂亮的，英俊的（男人）；健美的，温雅的（女人）
例句：He looks handsome and healthy. 他显得俊美，健康。
Would you describe that lady as handsome or beautiful?
你觉得那女子是体态俊俏（五官端正）还是美丽啊？
（2）慷慨的；大方的
a handsome present 大方的礼物
例句：Handsome is that (as) handsome does. （谚）慷慨仁慈才是真美。
It is handsome of you to give us so much. 你真好，给了我们这么多。
（3）相当大的，可观的：
a handsome prize 一笔巨额奖金 a handsome reward 一笔可观的报酬
16.announcement n.通告，宣告
例句：He waited for the announcement of the result of the competition with bated breath.
他屏息静气地等待宣布竞赛结果。
I’d like to make an important announcement.我要发表一项重要声明。
词汇拓展；
announce vt. 宣布, 通告，发表
例句：The captain announced that the plane was going to land.机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。
The government announced its new economic policies.政府发布了新的经济政策。
17. competitive adj. 竞争的
a competitive spirit 竞争精神
词语拓展：
（1）competition n.
①[U] 竞争
例句：He was in competition with 10 others for the job.
为得到这份工作他与10个人展开竞争。
Because there is so much unemployment, the competition for jobs is very fierce.
由于失业如此众多,求职的竞争十分激烈。
There is more competition than before.
现在竞争比以前增加了。
② [C] 竞赛
enter a competition 参加比赛
hold a golf competition 举办高尔夫比赛
例句：He takes part in a swimming competition.他参加游泳比赛。
It was a friendly competition. 这是一次友好的比赛。
注意：competition与game, race, match的区别在于：
game作“游戏，比赛”解,通常有一定规则，凡参加者均需遵守；说球赛, 美国人通
常用game，英国人则常用match。另外games(复数) 一般指大型的国际体育运动会, 如 the Olympic Games (奥运会), the Asian Games(亚运会)。
match 一般指竞技比赛, 如: 拳击、网球、高尔夫球等。
race 通常指赛跑、赛马、赛车、赛船等运动。
competition 意为:比赛, 竞争, 可指各种形式的竞赛。
（2）compete vi. 比赛, 竞争
例句：The children compete against (with) each other to reach the other end of the pool.
孩子们互相竞争着抵达池子的另一端。
The two teams competed for the championship.那两支队伍要争夺冠军。
Although there were only 4 horses competing, it was an exciting race.
虽然只有4匹马比赛, 这比赛仍很精彩。
All these countries competed in the trade. 所有这些国家都在贸易中进行竞争。
（3）competitor n. 对手；敌手；竞争者；比赛者
例句：There were 12 competitors in the two-hundred-meter dash.
有十二名选手参加二百米赛跑。
The number of the competitors is 40. 参加比赛的人数是40。
短语讲解：
1. feel like vt.
（1）（口语）意欲，想要，感觉想做……
例句：I feel like (having) a drink. 我想喝一杯。
Do you feel like taking a walk? 你要不要去散散步？
（2）摸（感觉）上去如同
例句：It feels like silk. 它摸起来像绸缎。
She felt like a princess in that dress.她穿上那件衣服后，觉得自己像个公主。
I feel like (like = as if) I am flying like a bird.我感觉自己就像鸟儿在飞翔。
短语拓展：
① look like 看上去似乎，好像
例句：She looks so much like her mother.她看起来很像她母亲。
Look at that dark cloud. It looks like rain.看看那乌云，好像要下雨了。
Everything on the ground looks like tiny toys when you look down from a plane.
从飞机上往下看，地上的东西都像是小小的玩具。
② sound like 听起来像
例句：It sounded like a train that was going under my house when the earthquake happened.
地震发生时，听起来像有列火车在我的房子底下穿行似的。
It sounds like American country music.这听起来像是美国乡村音乐。
What he said sounds like a lie. 他所说的话听来像是谎言。
2. live a … life 过着……的生活
live a busy but comfortable life 过着繁忙但舒适的生活
live a happy(simple) life 过着快乐（朴实）的生活
3. under pressure adv./adj 被迫；在强制下
例句：He doesn't work well under pressure. 他在压力之下不能很好地工作。
短语拓展：
（1）under the pressure of 在……逼迫下，在……压力下
例句：He’s under the pressure of business. 他经受着生意上的压力。
（2）put/bring pressure on/upon sb. to do sth.对某人施加压力
例句：They put/brought pressure on me to sell my precious land.
他们给我施加压力，要我买到宝贵的土地。
4. go on
（1）发生；恰巧发生：
例句：I didn't know what was going on.我不知道发生了什么事。
（2）（时间）经过，过去
例句：As the days went on, it grew colder. 随着日子一天天过去，天气越来越冷了。
（3）继续：
例句：Life must go on. 生命在延续。
I couldn’t finish my work, so I have to go on with it tomorrow.
我无法完成家庭作业，所以明天得继续做。
Don't go on talking. 不要继续讲了。
Time is short, so let’s go on to the next subject. 时间不多，我们进入下一个主题吧。
注意：go on to do sth.与go on doing sth./ go on with sth.的区别
①go on to do sth. 表示“干完某件事后，接着再干另一件事”。
例句：He finished reading the text and then went on to write a composition.
他读完课文后，接着又写了一篇作文。
The old man had a drink of tea before he went on to tell the story.
老人喝了一口茶，然后接着讲故事。
②go on doing sth./ go on with sth.继续不断地干某事,表示“某事未做完，继续做下去”。
例句：She went on reading Lesson 9 for half an hour第九课她连续不断地读了半小时。
（比较：She read Lesson 8 and then she went on to read Lesson 9. 她读完了第八课，接着就读第九课。）
Although he was tired, he went on working.虽然疲乏了，他仍然继续干工作。
（比较：After a short rest he went on to work.短暂休息之后，他接着干工作了。）
After having a rest, we went on doing our homework. 休息一会儿之后，我们接着做作业。（做同一件事情）
（比较：After having English lesson, we went on to have P.E. 上完英语课之后，我们接着上体育课。）
5. be happy with 对……满足的，满意的
例句：She is not happy with her present position as a typist.
她对于现在的打字员职位并不满意。
I’m not happy with your explanation.我对你的解释不满意。
短语拓展：
（1）be happy to do 高兴做……，做……而感到高兴
例句：I'll be happy to meet him.我将高兴地与他见面。
I'll be happy to meet them when I have time.我有空的时候,很乐意同他们见面。
（2）be happy that 高兴
例句：I'm very happy that your health is showing signs of improvement.
看到你的健康状况显出好转的迹象,我非常高兴。
I’m happy that you could stay with us.我很高兴你能暂住我们家。
（3）be happy at/about 高兴于……，知道……而高兴
例句：I was happy at the news of his return.我听到他归来的消息感到高兴。
She was happy about helping him with his studies.她很高兴能帮他搞研究。
6. agree with （反义词：disagree with）
（1）agree with sb. 同意某人的话
例句：I agree with you. = I agree with what you said. 我很赞同你。（我和你意见相同）
（2）适宜健康；与……相宜(通常用于否定句)
例句：The liquor did not agree with me.这酒不适合我喝。
（3）一致；相符合
例句：His story agrees with the facts. 他的陈述和事实相符。
短语拓展：
（1）agree on 对……达成协议，对……取得一致意见
例句：We agreed on a plan.我们商量后决定某一计划。
（2）agree to 同意（某提议等）
例句：I agreed to his proposal (plan).我同意他的提议（计划）。
（3）agree to do同意……
例句：We all agree to start at once. 我们全都同意立刻出发。
（4）agree that… 见解一致，承认
例句：I agree with you that he needs a rest.我同意你的说法，他需要休息。
He agreed that he should have been more careful.他承认他当初应该更谨慎些。
7. for pleasure=for fun adv. 为了取乐；当作玩笑；不是认真的
例句：Mr. Alexander doesn't just write for fun; in fact, writing is his bread and butter.
亚历山大从事写作不是为了好玩，事实上写作是他的谋生之道。
类似短语：
for laughs[美俚]为了取乐，作为消遣，借以开心
for love为了爱[兴趣]，由于爱好而做某事
for luck为了表示吉利，祝福
for money 现款交易
for nothing免费，徒然
for rent供出租
for safety为安全起见，以保证安全
for sale待售
for the future今后
8. find out 找出，发现，查明（真相等），揭发
例句：I found out the phone number by looking it up.通过查找我查到了电话号码。
Please find out when the ship sails for New York.请打听一下那艘船什么时候开往纽约。
Liars risk being found out.骗子冒着被揭穿的危险。
Most embezzlers are found out in the end.大多数贪污犯最后都被查出。
9. focus on vt. & vi.
（1）使集中在焦点上, 定焦点, 调焦
例句：A nearsighted person cannot focus on distant object.
近视的人无法把焦点对准远处的物体。
I focused the camera on her.我把照相机的焦点对准她。
（2）聚焦, 注视
例句：We must focus (our attention) on urgent problems.
我们必须把注意力集中在紧急的问题上。
10. get along (well) with
（1）相处(融洽)：
例句：How are you getting along with your new girlfriend? 你和新女友相处得如何？
－“How are you getting on with your classmates?”
“你同班上的同学相处得怎样?”
－“Quite well, thank you.” “挺好，谢谢。”
Yang Mei is getting on well with her foreign friends.
杨梅同她的外国朋友们相处得很好。
（2）进展
例句：How are you getting along with your work? 你的工作进展如何？
－“How are you getting on with your business?”“你的生意做得怎么样?”
－“Not bad, thank you.” “还不错，谢谢。”
At first she didn't get on well with her job.一开始她的工作做得并不好。
11. decide on 对……作出决定（指经过考虑或讨论研究作出决定）
例句：She decided on the red shoes.她决定要买那双红鞋。
They decided on spending the vacation by the sea.他们决定在海边度假。
He decided on taking the position at the bank. (=He decided to take the position at the bank.)
他决定担任银行的职务。
12. be different from 与……不同
例句：My opinion is different from yours.我的意见和你的不相同。
City life is very different from country life.都市生活和乡村生活是非常不同的。
短语拓展：
（1）tell the difference between（between A and B）
tell常与情态动词 can或 be able to连用，意为“断定，清楚地知道”。
例如：Who can tell what will happen？谁能预知将会发生什么事呢？
People can't tell the difference between the twin brothers. 人们分辨不出这对孪生兄弟。
Can you tell the difference between these two words?你能讲得出这两个词的区别吗？
（2）be different in… 在……方面不同于
例句：They are quite different in their tastes.他们的品位差异很大。
13. get across （使）越过，通过，被理解
例句：I have tried to get my point across.我已尽力让我的观点清晰明了。
How can I get across to the students?我怎样才能让学生心服口服?
14. calm down 平静下来，镇定下来
例句：It was difficult to calm down the football fans.要使足球迷们平静下来是很困难的。
15. build up 增进；加强
build up one's strength增强体力
例句：But at sea the wind can build up giant, powerful waves.
但是在海上,风能形成巨大强劲的波浪。
Hard working conditions build up character. (喻)艰苦的工作条件能磨练人的性格。
Promote physical culture and build up the people's health.发展体育运动,增强人民体质。
I'm very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up.
看到你的词汇量在逐渐增长,我很高兴。
16. due to adv. 由于，因为；由……引起；
accidents due to driving at high speed由于高速开车而引起的交通事故。
例句：Her illness was due to bad food.她的病是坏了的食物造成的。
17. give away vt.
（1）送掉，分发，免费赠予
例句：He gave all his lands to the city.他把他所有的土地捐赠给那个城市。
（2）放弃，泄露
例句：She is sure to give away your secret.她一定会泄露你的秘密。
（3）出卖，背叛
例句：However, it was her face that gave her away. 然而，她的表情背叛了她。
疑难辨析：
1. feeling，emotion，passion，sentiment
（1）这些名词指的是情绪反应，并通常指强烈的主观的个人反应，例如爱或恨。尽管feeling和emotion 有时可以互换使用，但feeling 更概括更中性：
feelings of hope and joy 充满希望和快乐的感觉
a feeling of inferiority 自卑感
religious feelings 宗教情感
a feeling of discomfort 不舒服的感觉
I have a feeling he'll come.
我觉得他要来了。
He had lost all feeling in the left leg.
他的左腿完全失去了知觉。
（2）emotion常被认为是这两个词条中较强烈的一个，暗含兴奋或焦虑的意思：
He has difficulty controlling his emotions.
他很难控制自己的感情。
Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion.
诗不是情感的转向松弛，而是情感的出口。
（3）passion指强烈的、咄咄逼人的情感：
They seemed like ungoverned children inflamed with the fiercest passions of men.
他们看起来像狂野不羁的孩子，却燃烧着男子汉最炽烈的情感。
（4）sentiment常指由情感或受情感影响而产生的想法或意见：
What are your sentiments about the government's policies?
你对政府的政策有什么想法？
Reason should not be guided by sentiment.理智不应受感情左右。
There is no sentiment in business affairs.商场上是不讲情面的。
2. separate，divide，part，divorce
当这些动词意为变得或使变得分开的，断开的或分离的时，可对它们进行比较。
（1）separate 意指放置为相隔的和保持相隔的：
The Pyrenees separates France and Spain. 比利牛斯将法国和西班牙分开。
The child's parents have separated. 这孩子的父母已经分居了。
He separated the big eggs from the small ones.他把大蛋和小蛋分了开来。
（2）divide暗示通过或好像通过切开、劈开或分割形成几部分、几份额或几份来分离：
We divided the orange into segments. 我们将橘子分成几部分。
（3）part最经常指亲密关系的人或事的分离：
None shall part us from each other. 没有什么能将我们分开。
I remember the way we parted. 我记得我们分开的情形。
（4）divorce暗指一个关系或联盟的组成成分的分离：
He got divorced from his wife last month.他上个月和妻子离婚了。
3. distant，far，faraway，remote
这些形容词都表示在时间、空间或关系上的远离、远隔或分开。
（1）distant可指具体的间隔
a house a mile distant from town 距市镇一英里的房屋
heard the sound of distant traffic 听到远处汽车发出的声音
（2）far用来指长距离的远离：
We are/come from a far country. 我们来自一个遥远的国度。
He seems so near, and yet so far. 他看上去是这么近，却又是那么远。
（3）faraway表示比 far更大的距离：
troops landing on far-off shores上了远处海岸的部队；
faraway mountains and lakes远处的群山和湖泊。
（4）remote不仅指远而且表示同时远离说话者所在的地点：
remote stars遥远的星星；
a remote outpost of civilization遥远的文明界线；
the remote past. 久远的过去。
4. used to do, be/grow/become/get used to (doing), be used to do
（1）used to表示过去发生的习惯性动作，现在已无此习惯。
例如：He used to smoke.他过去常常吸烟。（现在戒了）
He used to be strong when he was in junior middle school. (= He was strong, but not now.)
他读初中时身体曾经是健壮的。（内含的意思是“现在不健壮了。）
There used to be lots of apple trees around the house 10 years ago. （=There were lots of apple trees…, but there aren't any now.）
十年前，这座房子四周曾经有着许多苹果树。（内含的意思是“现在没有了”。）
（2）be/grow/become/get used to (doing) sth. （开始／逐渐／变得）习惯做某事
例句：The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness.
太空人很快就习惯了失重状态。
I am used to traveling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened.
我习惯了乘飞机旅行，只有一次我可给吓怕了。
You must get used to getting up early. 你必须习惯于早起。
（3）be used to do被用来做……
例句：Wood can be used to make tables. 木头被用来做成桌子。
5. take place, take the place of
（1）take place意为“发生、举行”，是一个不及物动词词组。
例句：Great changes have taken place in China. 中国发生了巨大的变化。
（2）take the place of 代替，取代
例句：Plastics have taken the place of many materials. 塑料已取代了许多材料。
No one can take the place of your manager. 没有人能够接替你们经理的工作。
6. It + be + 时间 + since-clause
It + be + 时间 + before-clause
It + be + 时间 + when-clause
It + be + 时间状语 + that-clause
It + be + time + that-clause
It / This / That + the first(second , third …) time + that-clause
在学习中，同学们对“It + be + 时间 + 从句”这个结构经常混淆不清，下面逐一进行分析。
（1）It + be + 时间 + since-clause
这个句型表示从since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为“自从……以来已多久了”，主句多用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时，如果表示过去的情况，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时，或主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
例如：It is (has been) three years since his father passed away. （从现在算起）
自从她的父亲去世已经三年了。
It was (had been) 10 years since they married. （从过去算起）他们结婚十年了。
注意：It’s + time +since I did sth. 其中从句的动词是可延续性的动词时，则表示从句的动作已经结束，译成汉语是否定的。
例如：?Have some Maotai, please. ?No, thanks. It’s three years ______ I drank.
A. before B. since C. after D. when
答案B。该句意为：不，我已经戒烟三年了。与上下文语境符合。
（2）It + be + 时间 + before-clause
这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语（如：long years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes），主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才……”。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就……”。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be；用was 时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be 时，before从句常用一般现在时。
例如：It was not long before she learned those poems by heart.
她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。
It was long before the police arrived.过了很久警察才来。
It will be hours before he makes a decision.要过好几个小时他才会做出决定。
It will not be hours before meet again.要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。
（3）It + be + 时间 + when-clause
这是个定语从句。在这个句型中, it 指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词（时间一般为具体时间）。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的。
例如：It was already 8 o'clock when we got home. 我们到家时已经八点了。
It was the next morning when we finished our work. 第二天早上我们才干完活。
It will be midnight when they get there. 我们到达时将会是午夜了。
（4）It + be + 时间 + that-clause
这个句型是个强调句型。
例如：It was two years ago that he made an important invention.
（原句是：He made an important invention two years ago.）
是在两年前他做出一项重大发明。
It was at 5 o'clock that he practiced playing the violin in the morning.
（原句是：He practiced playing the violin at 5 o'clock in the morning.）
早上他练习拉小提琴的时间是在五点钟。
比较：It was 5 o'clock when he started in the morning.
（5 o'clock前没有介词，这是个定语从句）
（5）It + be + time + that-clause
这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中用的是 is 或 was ，that从句都须用动词的过去式或should + 动词原型（但不及用过去式普通），在time之前有时可加上high或about 以加强语气。
例如：It is time (that) we handed in our exercises.
（= It is time that we should hand in our exercises.）
我们该交练习作业了。
It is high time (that) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.
该是她给男朋友写信的时候了。
（6）It / This / That + the first(second , third…) time + that-clause
这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历，关键是注意time前有序数词，主句是is时，从句要用现在完成时；如果主句用一般过去时was，则从句须相应地用过去完成时。
例如：This is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
这些欧洲人是第一次参观长城。
It was the fifth time (that) I had paid a friendly visit to Africa.
这是我第五次友好访问非洲了。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：20分钟）
一、听力
听力文件（略）
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置上，每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Husband and wife.
B. Doctor and patient.
C. Salesman and customer.
2. What does the man want to do?
A. He wants to know where the computers are.
B. He wants to sell computer disks.
C. He wants to buy computer disks.
3. What are they going to do?
A. To see an exhibition.
B. To have a meeting.
C. To listen to a lecture.
4. Where are the two speakers?
A. In a restaurant. B. In a hotel. C. In the street.
5. What did the boy do before he came home?
A. He played basketball.
B. He watched a game.
C. He went to school.
第二节 听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷上。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段对话，回答第6～7题。
6. For whom does the woman probably want to buy a ski jacket?
A. For her husband. B. For her son. C. For her daughter.
7. Why doesn't the woman buy the jacket?
A. It's too expensive.
B. It's too big.
C. She doesn't like the colors.
听第7段对话，回答第8～10题
8. Why does the man make the phone call?
A. He wants to book some seats for the show.
B. He wants to get some information about the show.
C. He wants to know on what day the show will be given.
9. How much does the tickets cost if the man wants to buy one.
A. 30 dollars. B. 13 dollars. C. 33 dollars.
10. When will the show probably end?
A. At 10：00 p. m.
B. At 8：00 p. m.
C. At about midnight.
听第8段对话，回答第11～13题。
11. Who is Ken?
A. Beth's brother.
B. Beth's boy friend.
C. Beth's father.
12. Where did Beth go last night?
A. She went to a bar with her friend.
B. She went to a cinema with Ken.
C. She went to a party with her parents.
13. What does Beth's brother think she should do?
A. She'd better look for a new boy friend.
B. She'd better buy something for herself.
C. She'd better ask herself if she wants anything.
听第9段对话，回答14～16题。
14. What do both of the two speakers want to do in the coming new year?
A. To save some money.
B. To work harder.
C. To lose weight.
15. What did Henry do last year?
A. He joined a health club.
B. He stopped smoking.
C. He got a good job.
16. Who wants to have a nice vacation?
A. Jeff. B. Alice. C. Henry.
听第10段独白，回答17～20题。
17. Who is the speaker?
A. An official. B. A tourist. C. A guide.
18. When can you come if you want to see how bread was baked 200 years ago?
A. On Sunday afternoon.
B. On Tuesday morning.
C. On Saturday afternoon.
19. Where did Sir Henry come from?
A. England. B. The USA. C. France.
20. How many interesting places are mentioned here?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.
二、英语知识运用
第一节：单项填空
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合空白处的最佳选项。
21. ______ it is to go for a picnic on such a fine day!
A. What a fun B. What fun
C. How fun D. How a fun
22. We'll hold the meeting in the open air ______ in the meeting room.
A. instead B. in place
C. instead of D. in place of
23. This kind of paper was as soft and light as silk but ______ expensive.
A. not much B. much less
C. so little D. no such
24. ?Let me introduce myself, I'm Albert.
?______.
A. What a pleasure B. It's my pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you D. I'm very pleased
25. His lovely explanation made the students ______ in his teaching.
A. interest B. interesting
C. interested D. to interest
26. Is there any difference ______ American English and British English?
A. from B. between C. among D. for
27. ______ giving us a hand, he stood there laughing.
A. Without B. Instead of
C. While D. Instead
28. These shoes cost ______. What's more, they are ______ small for me.
A. much too; too much B. too much; much too
C. very much; very D. very much; much
29. He works seven days a week, and six of ______ until one o'clock at night.
A. that B. the time C. which D. them
30. ______ is impossible ______ the work on time.
A. It; for us to finish B. It; of us to finish
C. That; for us finish D. It; for us finishing
31. It was ______ late to catch a bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi and went home directly.
A. too very B. much too C. too much D. far
32. Let Harry play with your toy as well, Clare. You must learn to ________.
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
33. Could you go and __________, please?
A. find what the matter is with Tom B. find out what the matter is with Tom
C. find out what’s the matter with Tom D. be sure what is the matter of Tom
34. ?Mrs Brown is always beautifully dressed.
?Yes, she wears _______ nice clothes!
A. so B. such C. such a D. so much
35. ?Let me introduce myself. I'm Li Ping.?
? .?
A. What a pleasure B. It's a pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you D. I'm very glad.
第二节：完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
A high school history teacher once told us, “If you make one close friend in school, you will be most fortunate. A true friend is someone who stays with you for life.” 36 teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily37.
It is possible that we simply do not stay in one place long enough for a 38 friendship to develop. However, there can be no disagreement on the 39 for each of us to think carefully about the 40 of friendship we want.
To most of us, friendships are 41 very important, but we need to have clear in our 42 the kinds of friendship we want. Are they to be close or 43 at arm's length? Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the 44? For some people, many friendships on the surface are 45 enough and that's all right. But at some point, 46 to make sure that our expectations are the same as our friends' expectations. The 47 of personal experience including our tears as well as our dark dreams is the 48 way to deepen friendships. But it must be undertaken（进行）slowly and 49 only if there are signs of interest and action in return.
What are some of the 50 of friendship? The greatest is the attraction to expect too much time. Another “ 51 difficulty” is the selfishness to take actions too soon. Deep relationships 52 one “possesses” the other, including his time and attention.53, friendships in return. In other words, you must give as much as you take. 54 there is a question of taking care of them. 55 you spend reasonable time together, talking on the phone, writing letters, doing things together, friendships will die away.
36. A. Knowledge B. Practice C. Experience D. Success
37. A. understood B. formed C. realized D. produced
38. A. true B. common C. short D. whole
39. A. hope B. difference C. need D. courage
40. A. kind B. length C. warmth D. value
41. A. made B. considered C. explained D. reminded
42. A. hearts B. thoughts C. actions D. minds
43. A. remained B. left C. kept D. stayed
44. A. mud B. surface C. ice D. feet
45. A. long B. easy C. quite D. not
46. A. it needs B. we need C. one needs D. they need
47. A. spreading B. sharing C. seeking D. showing
48. A. easiest B. latest C. worst D. surest
49. A. watched over B. turned away
C. broken down D. carried on
50. A. difficulties B. differences
C. advantages D. types
51. A. actual B. rough C. upset D. major
52. A. require B. request C. depend D. suggest
53. A. Surprisingly B. Fortunately
C. Similarly D. Frequently
54. A. Finally B. GraduallyC. Obviously D. Curiously
55. A. Though B. Unless C. Since D. When
【试题答案】
一、听力：
1. M: Oh, I can't find my book. Do you know where it is, darling?
W: I saw it on the coffee table this morning.
M: You're right. Here it is. It was under the newspaper.
答案：A
2. M: Excuse me. Do you sell computer disks?
W: Oh, yes. We sell all types of disks.
M: Great. And where do you keep them?
答案：C
3. M: We're going to listen to a lecture about environment protection.
W: Really? I thought we'd go to see an exhibition.
答案：A
4. W: Front desk. Can I help you?
M: Yeah, hi, this is Room 327. Is your dining-room still open?
答案：B
5. W: Hi, Mum. We won the basketball game at last. I scored a lot.
M: Great! Your dad will be very proud of you.
答案：A
听第6段对话，回答第6～7题。
W: Excuse me. Could you help me?
M: Certainly. What can I do for you?
W: We're looking for a girl's ski jacket. I like this style. Do you have it in size 10?
M: Let me see…Size 4,6,8…Here we are. Size 10.
W: Oh, I don't really like yellow. What other colors does it come in?
M: It comes in red, pink, light blue, and black.
W: The pink is nice. How much is it?
M: It's $ 160.
W: Oh, well, it's a bit too dear. We'll have to think about it.
答案：6. C 7. A
听第7段对话，回答第8～10题
W: Madison Square Carden. Can I help you?
M: Yes. Do you have any more tickets for the concert on Friday night?
W: Do you mean the Rock ＆ Roll Rivival Show? Yes, we still have some $ 30 tickets left.
M: Great. OK, and is the box office open now?
W: Yes, the box office is open from 10:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
M: Oh, by the way, what time does the show start?
W: It starts at 8:00 in the evening.
M: And what time does it end?
W: Well, there are four bands, so it'll probably end about midnight.
M: Thanks a lot.
W: No problem.
答案：8. B 9. A 10. C
听第8段对话，回答第11～13题。
M: OK, what's the problem? Do you want to talk about it?
W: No…Yes…I don't know.
M: Come on, Beth, I'm your brother－what's the matter?
W: It's Ken. He's really fun to be with, but he's the cheapest guy I've ever gone out with.
M: Why? What did he do?
W: Last night we went to a movie. I bought the tickets while he parked the car.
M: So?
W: Well, he never gave me any money for his ticket. And you won't believe what happened next!
M: Yeah ?
W: He went to the snack bar and came back with popcorn and coca…for himself! He never even asked me if I wanted anything!
M: Wow! That sounds pretty bad.
W: I know. I really like him, but he makes me mad, too. What should I do?
M: You should start looking for a new boyfriend!
答案：11. B 12. B 13. A
听第9段对话,回答14～16题。
M: Hi, Alice, have you made any New Year's decision?
W: Just the usual. I'd like to lose some weight, and I want to save some money.
M: Come on. Everybody makes those decisions.
W:I know, Henry. Well, I hope I'll get a good job after I graduate this summer. But that's not a decision. I'm going to work harder. How about you?
M: Hmm. I stopped smoking last June. That was last year's promise myself.
W: So what do you want to do this year?
M:I want to start getting more exercise. I have to lose weight, so I'd like to join a healthy club.
W: I'd like, too. Jeff told me he'd like to treat himself a really nice vacation.
M: Oh? Where did he think he would go?
W: He might go to a quiet beach in Mexico, or go fishing in Canada. He hasn't made up his mind yet.
答案：14. C 15. B 16. A
听第10段独白，回答17～20题。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to our tour. This morning, we're going to take you to some points of historical interest in the city. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask.
If you look out of the window on your right, you'll see the Grange. One of the oldest buildings in the city, it was built for our first may or 200 years ago, and still has most of the original furniture. Perhaps the most interesting thing is that every Saturday afternoon, you can come and watch them bake bread the way it was done 200 years ago.
On your left is University College. This university building is just 125 years old. We'll be stopping in a moment at Bridgeton Castle. This castle was built by Sir Henry Pellat for his young wife. He bought almost all of the building materials from England. Notice the beautiful glass windows. Unfortunately, Sir Henry's young wife became ill and died before the castle was completed. Sir Henry became so unhappy that he left the castle and returned to England. No family members ever lived there.
答案：17. C 18. C 19. A 20.B
二、英语知识运用
第一节 单项选择
21. 解析：本题考查名词fun的用法。因为fun是名词，排除C、D两项。fun意为“有趣的人或事”，是不可数名词，不能用a修饰，排除A。故答案为B。
答案：B
22. 解析：instead of后可跟名词、动名词和介词短语。本句句意为：我们举行露天会议而不在会议室召开。in place of意为“尽管有”，后跟名词、代词、动名词。
答案：C
23. 解析：从整句来看，此处应是和丝绸的对比关系，much可修饰比较级。
答案：B
24. 解析：introduce myself“作自我介绍”。Pleased to meet you是初次见面用语。
答案：C
25. 解析：考查动词make后接复合宾语的用法。用“make＋sb. / sth. ＋宾补”这一句型用来说明宾语sb. / sth. 的状况时，宾补多用形容词。注意B、C项都是形容词，B项多说明物，C项多说明人。
答案：C
26. 解析：句型：There is…difference between A and B / between the two.
答案：B
27. 解析：本句句意为：他不帮助我们，却站在那儿发笑。while要跟从句，instead是副词，不跟宾语；without意思不通。
答案：B
28. 解析：too much的用法类似much，可作名词用。much too的用法类似too，只用来修饰形容词、副词，本句句意为：这鞋子太贵，而且我穿也太小了，故不买。Too…for…意为“太……而不……”。
答案：B
29. 解析：句中连用and表明C项不合要求，and后面部分没有主语及谓语，因此不是并列分句，而是并列时间状语，表示six of the seven days，用them指代“七天”，B项the time太模糊。
答案：D
30. 解析：第一个空白处为形式主语，只可用it。第二个空白处为不定式复合结构作真正主语。译为：我们按时完成这项工作是不可能的。句型：
It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.
答案：A
31. B32. D33. C34. B35.C
第二节 完型填空
36. 解析：经验可以证明该历史老师说的话是正确的。
答案：C
37. 解析：从上下文可知，真诚的友谊是不容易建立起来的。
答案：B
38. 解析：在一处地方呆得时间较短时，是不大可能与别人发展起来真挚的友谊的。
答案：A
39. 解析：no disagreement为双重否定，此句意是人们都认为我们每一个人都有必要认真考虑我们需要什么样的友谊。
答案：C
40. A41. B
42. 解析：have…in one's mind“想到，想清楚”。
答案：D
43. 解析：keep…at arm's length“保持一定的距离”，此处用了被动语态。
答案：C
44. 解析：根据下一句可知答案。
答案：B
45. 解析：“对于某些人来说，与人保持表面的友谊就足够了。”
答案：C
46. 解析：根据句子结构和句意可知答案。
答案：B
47. 解析：句意是“与人分享自己的经历，包括眼泪和噩梦才最有可能加深友谊”。
答案：B
48. D
49. 解析：carry on“继续，进行下去”。
答案：D
50. A51. D
52. 解析：require“需要”。
答案：A
53. 解析：similarly“同样地”。
答案：C
54. 解析：最后一段列举了发展友谊的几个困难，由文中的“the greatest”“another”两个信息词可推断此处用finally最佳。
答案：A
55. B
