What is happiness to you（精选2篇）
What is happiness to you 篇1
现在完成时一、 概念现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。二、 结构
现 在 完 成 时
构成
助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词
基
本
用法
1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰
2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for，since，in the past, in the last…., all this week, so far等表示一段时间的状语
3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般汉语译为“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语
比
较
现在完成时和一般过去时
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作
现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等
一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系
注
意
事
项
1）have ( has ) been(to)与have ( has ) gone( to)的区别：have ( has ) been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have ( has ) gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once , never, several times等连用，后者则不能
2) it is/has been+一段时间 since某事发生这个句型里，since后是持续性动词时要理解为“某事结束后以经有多久了”； since后是短暂性动词时要理解为“某事发生后以经有多久了”
3）it/this is +序数词 time或最高级 that 后面的从句用现在完成时
4）含有终结或短暂意义的动词不能和一段时间搭配
肯定句:主语＋助动词have/has ＋过去分词＋其他
讲解：这里的have/has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。
例如：
1）i've just copied all the new words.我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)
2）she has lost her books.她丢失了她的书。 （表示到目前为止还没有找到）
3）we've just cleaned the classroom.我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的）否定句: 主语＋助动词have/has＋not＋过去分词＋其他
讲解：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have/has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分别改成any，yet。例如：
1）i haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。
2）he hasn't travelled on a train.他没有坐火车旅行过。
3）we have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。
注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如：
4）i have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。
一般疑问式：助动词have/has＋主语＋过去分词＋其他 ？
讲解：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some，already改为any，yet就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“yes，主语＋have/has.否定回答用“no，主语＋haven't/hasn't.”有时也可以用“no，not yet./no ，never./no，not even once.”等。
例如：
1）―have you ever made dumplings？你曾经做过饺子吗？
―yes，i have.是的，我做过。
2）―has he ever been abroad？他曾经出过国吗？
―no，never.不，从来没有。
3）―have they found the lost money yet ？他们已经找到了丢失的钱吗？
―yes，they have.是的，他们找到了。
注意：当句中有否定词not，hardly（几乎不），never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。
例如：you have never come to our school，have you？
你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？
三、 现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”1. 现在完成时的“完成用法”
现在完成时的“完成用法”指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：she has turned off the tv. 她已把电视关了。
(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况――电视现在没有打开。)现在完成时“完成用法”的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning/month /year..., today等)连用。
例如： have you found your pencil yet？你已找到你的铅笔了吗？
2.现在完成时的“未完成用法”
现在完成时的“未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
例如：he has lived here since 1971. 自从1971年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1971年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
we have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我们在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far到目前为止)等。
例如：i have heard nothing from her up to now. 到目前为止我没有她的任何消息。 注意：(1) 现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。(2) 现在完成时常见句型：
主语＋have/has been＋for短语
例如：he has been in the league for four years.他入团已经四年了。
3. 延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。例如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。例如：open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。
现在完成进行时一、现在完成进行时的构成方法现在完成进行时由“have/has + been +现在分词”构成。二、现在完成进行时用法1.现在完成进行的基本用法表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。例如：it has been raining since last monday. 自上周一以来就一直在下雨。she’s been watching television all day. 她看了整整一天电视。2.现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。例如：i am very tired. i’ve been typing letters all day. 一整天都在打信件，我太累了。susan eyes are red. she has been crying. 苏姗一直在哭，眼睛都哭红了。现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
1. 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。例如：i have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。（陈述事实）i have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。（等得好辛苦）2. 现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况，若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况，则通常用现在完成时。例如：he has lived in paris. 他(一直)住在巴黎。he has been living in paris. 他(目前)住在巴黎。3. 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。例如：they’ve been married for twenty years. 他们结婚已二十年了。the war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。4. 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。例如：the house has been painted for a month. 这房子已经粉刷了一个月。the problem has been studied for five days. 这个问题已经研究了五天。
What is happiness to you 篇2
m6u2 what is happiness to you?
reading
1.the search for happiness
1) 名词in search of/ in one’s search for搜寻
2) 动词 vt. search sb./sp.（for sth） 搜身，搜查某地 vi. search for 寻找
the policeman _searched___ the thief and found several mobile phones.
to my delight, most of you agree to search _for happiness in study.
they __searched___ all the room ___for__ the missing papers.
these birds fly south __in__ ____search___ __of__winter sun every year.
= these birds fly south __in__ their __ __search___ __for__winter sun every year.
2. happiness means achieving success in something, such as meeting a goal,
1）目的，目标 achieve/reach/realize/meet one’s goal ___________ ；
2）（球戏等的）得分，赢分 score a goal __________
3）mean的用法 _mean to do___; ___mean doing___
eg. i’m sorry to have wronged you, but really i didn’t mean __to hurt___(hurt) you.
our teacher’s smile meant __allowing__(allow) us to go swimming.
4）复习 “成功做某事”
our teacher has achieved success in teaching english.
= our teacher __has__ _succeeded_ _in__ teaching english.
=our teacher ___is__ __successful___ __in___ teaching english.
=our teacher has taught english __successfully__.
= our teacher __has _ _managed _ __to__teach english.
3. to those who have been injured or struggle with a physical disability, …
1) injure 伤害， 损伤（主要指在事故中受伤）; 损害，伤害（自尊，名誉等）
he was badly injured in the car accident. ________________________
i injured his pride. _______________________________
wound 主要是指战场上，由武器造成的伤害。
hurt 可指意外事故中受伤，可指某处疼痛，也可指感情受到伤害
damage, harm 只强调损失，不表示伤痛
he was ___wounded____ in the leg during the war.
she was deeply ___hurt_____ that she had not been invited.
2) v. struggle with/against 与……斗争、抗争
struggle for sth 努力争取 struggle to do sth 努力地做某事
n. carry on a struggle 进行斗争 take up a struggle 从事、参加斗争
he struggled with cancer for four years. _________________________
the shopkeeper struggled against the thief. ________________________
the two leaders are struggling for power. _________________________
4. …to show how people can find happiness even during times of a personal catastrophe.
times时代;时势；境况（常用复）
the times 当代 in modern/ancient times 在现/古代
the times are different. ____________________
what wonderful times we are now living in! ______________________
5. … the world was amazed by the way she remained cheerful.
remain “仍是；保持” 后接形容词、名词、介词短语等作表语。
+现在分词/过去分词
the town remains _____the same____ (保持一样) as before.
he remained in poor health. ___________________
the door remained ___locked___ (lock).
the hard-working boy remained ___working on___ (work on) the difficult question.
much remains __to be discussed____(discuss) at the following meeting.
6. in case some of our viewers don’t know her story, …
in case (that) 后接从句；如果 以防 万一 in case of 后接短语 在…时候, 要是
just in case 以防万一（单独使用） in this / that case 在这种/那种情况下
in any case 无论如何 不管怎样 in no case决不
eg. take your umbrella just in case it rains. ______________________
in case of fire，break the glass. _____________________
in no case shall we allow smoking in the classroom.__________________
____in case of___the rain, take an umbrella.
____in case_______ it rains, take an umbrella.
take an umbrella. __just in case____.
toyota recalled millions of cars because of cases ___c____ cars sped up suddenly.
a. which b. that c. where d. when
i may have to go to hospital, _____c______ i won’t be going on holiday.
i may have to go to hospital, and ___b_____ i won’t be going on holiday.
a. in case b. in that case c. in which case d. in case of
7. by the time she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the new york goodwill games, she had been a junior gymnast for eleven years.
看到 by / by the time 主句一般用完成时（过去/将来)
eg. by the end of , we __will have graduated____ (graduate).
by the end of , we ____had graduated_____ (graduate).
by the time we reach home, they ____will have left____(leave).
by the time we reached home, they ___had left_____(leave).
8. her teammates described her as energetic, happy and hard working
describe …as…把……描述成
he _describes/described his school life __as__ interesting and exciting.
9. even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents, she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.
1). even though=__even__ __if__ 即使
2). devote ( time/ energy/ oneself) to sth/doing sth 献身；专心于；专注于
don’t devote too much time to games. __________________________________
he gave up his job to devote more time to his family. ______________________
she devoted herself to ____fighting__ (fight) for the rights of the blacks.
devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的 be devoted to sth/doing sth
she devoted herself to her children.
= she __was __ ___devoted__ __to__ her children.
to my comfort, i often found my daughter ___devoted___( devote) to reading.
3). apart from =separately from “离开”; 还有 besides/except for的意思
_apart___ __from___ my parents, i have no one to communicate with.
_apart____ __from__ honesty, a good student should also be ready to help others.
apart from a house in nanjing, they also have one in beijing. (=___besides___)
apart from a few words, i don’t know any french at all. (= except_ _for__)
the writer lives apart from his family. ______________________
she keeps herself apart from other people. _______________________
10. in 1998, a small accident could have cost her her future happiness.
1.)情态动词复习
must have done _____________ may/ might/ could/can have done _____________
can’t/ couldn’t have done ______________ should(not) have done ________________
needn’t have done ____________________
---there were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
---it __d__a comfortable journey
a. can’t be b. shouldn’t be c. mustn’t have been d. couldn’t have been
---- what do you suppose happened to him?
----i don’t know. he ___c___ lost.
a. might get b. can have got c. may have got d. will get
he knows so much about the film. he must have seen the film, ____c____?
a. mustn’t he b. didn’t he c. hasn’t he d. has he
2). cost: to lead to the loss of something 使……付出代价；花费
that one mistake almost ____cost him his life_______（使他失去生命）.
the closure of the factory will cost 1,000 jobs. ___________________________
at the cost of 以…为代价 at all costs =at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何
she saved him from the fire but __at__ __the__ __cost__ __of__ her own life.
he is determined to win at any cost. ________________________________
11.she was rushed to a top hospital in new york…
rush 1）vi. 冲 2）vt. 把……急忙送往 in a rush=in a hurry
she rushed into the room. ________________________
rush the letter to the post office ____________________
i can’t stop―i’m in a rush. ______________________
12. leonardo dicaprio went to see her in the hospital to cheer her up.
cheer up（使）高兴起来
cheer up! things are not as bad as they seem. _____________________
give mary a call; she needs ___to__ __be___ __cheered___ ( cheer) up.
he seems to be angry. you’d better take him out __to_ _cheer_ __him_ __up_
13. all said she was in good spirits.
spirits复数表示 “情绪”
be in good / high spirits _______________be in bad / low spirits _____________
your letter raised my spirits. ______________________
dad’s in high spirits today, isn’t he? ________________________
14. she was able to overcome her sorrow by just being proud of the things she had accomplished.
be able to do sth=____succeed in doing_____=______manage to do______
15. how has sang lan adapted to her new life?
1) vi. 适应，适合most students have little difficulty ___adapting_ __to_ college life.
2) vt. 改编，改写 adapt sth. from sth.
eg. the film ____ _______ ______a novel.
16. i know i will think about how she rebuilt her life whenever my life feels unbearable.
whenever= ___no__ __matter____ ___when____, 引导___让步状语__从句。
whoever comes for help, we will do our best to help.
=___no matter who_____ comes for help, we will do our best to help.
no matter where you go, you should be polite and helpful.
=___wherever__ you go, you should be polite and helpful.
task&project
17. i feel caught between what i want, what my parents want and what my
basketball coach wants.
feel caught between 在…中感到左右为难
i __feel/felt___ ___caught___ __between___my desire and the reality.
18. it feels like allocating time for each is just not practical.
1). it feels like that…好像…
2）allocate vt. 分配，配给 allocation n. 分配，配给量
the results will depend on how each department allocates its resources.
______________________________
allocate sth. for sth.
one million dollars has been allocated for disaster place.____________________
allocate sth to sb. 把……分配给……
19. all i had to do was go to school and spend a few hours studying when i came home. 当主语部分有实义动词 do时， 做表语的不定式常省略to
what i want to do is ___go___(go) home and ___have__(have) a good night’s sleep.
20. i wish i could still play sport because that made me very happy.
wish 虚拟用法复习
eg. how i wish i ___were____(be) a bird.
he wishes that he _had studied____(study) hard at that time, but it’s too late now.
i wish i __would go___(go) there tomorrow instead of you.
21. … enjoying each other’s company …
company cn.公司 un.陪伴,交往 n. companion同伴,伴侣 accompany vt.
in company with 和……一起 keep company with和……要好, 伴随
eg. he came in company with a group of boys.
never keep company with dishonest persons.
on the first day of the new term, his father accompanied him to school.
