知识详解
① observe vt .& vi. 观察，注意到；遵守(法律、习俗等)；
庆祝(节日等)；评论，评述
(回归课本P33)Qi Baishi observed the world of nature very carefully，and his paintings are special because of this.
齐白石对自然界观察得很仔细，他的画因此而别具特色。
【归纳总结】
①He observed that the key was missing the moment he got home.
他一到家就发现钥匙不见了。
②Ben knew that someone had observed him meeting Ryan.
本知道有人看到他和瑞安见面了。
③Does everyone observe the speed limit in your country?
在你们国家是否人人都遵守限制车速的规定？
④She observed that the journey was long and tiring.
她说这次旅行又长又累。
【例句探源】
1.Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still ________ the traditional customs.
A．perform B．possess
C．observe D．support
解析：选C。observe在此句中意为“遵守”。perform履行，执行，表演；possess占有，拥有，摆布，支配；support支持，支援。
2．完成句子
Every one is expected to______________________.
人人应该遵守交通规则。
答案：observe the traffic rules
【即境活用】
② adopt vt. 采纳，采用；收养
(回归课本P32)a style of painting adopted by a group of artists
一种被一群艺术家所采用的绘画风格
【归纳总结】
①Having no children of their own, they decided to adopt an orphan.因为他们没有亲生儿女，所以决定领养一个孤儿。
②Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted.
许多建议很快就被采纳了。
③The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans...中国政府已正式通过几条噪音控制方案……
【例句探源】
【易混辨析】
adopt，adapt
(1)adopt表示“采纳(意见/计划/方法)；采用；收养”等。
(2)adapt表示“适应”时常用adapt oneself to，表示“修改(为……之用)”时常用adapt＋n.＋for use。
①The children are finding it hard to adapt to their new school.
②We’d like to adopt your idea.
3．(高考浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they________very easily to new environments.
A．adapt B．appeal
C．attach D．apply
解析：选A。考查短语辨析。句意：关于孩子们，好的一点是他们很容易适应新环境。adapt to表示“使适应于”；appeal to表示“对……有吸引力”；attach to表示“(使)相关”；apply to则表示“运用，适用于”。根据语意，故选A项。
【即境活用】
4.完成句子
Our school has ________________________________.
我们学校采用了一个新的方法。
答案：adopted a new method of teaching
③ stand v． 站立；忍受；承担
n． 看台；摊子；立场
(回归课本P33)But I can’t stand that picture of a golden?haired girl.
但我受不了那幅金发女孩儿的画。
【归纳总结】
can’t stand sb./sth.不能忍受某人/物
can’t stand(sb./sth.)doing sth.不能忍受(某人/物)做……
stand by袖手旁观；支持(某人)
stand for代表
stand out显眼；突出
stand on one’s hands/head倒立
stand on one’s feet独立
①I can’t stand listening to songs like that.
我受不了那样的音乐。
②I can’t stand people interrupting me all the time.
我不能容忍老有人打岔。
③I can’t stand my little brother because he is too noisy.
我不能忍受我的小弟因为他太吵了。
④A teacher can’t stand being cheated by his students.
老师不能忍受被学生欺骗。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
5. Modern plastics can________very high and very low temperatures.
A．stand B．hold C．carry D．support
解析：选A。stand在句中表示能够承受很高和很低的温度。
6．I can’t stand________with Jane in the same office.
She just refuses________talking while she works.
A．working；stopping B．to work；stopping
C．working；to stop D．to work；to stop
解析：选C。stand 后跟v.?ing 形式refuse后跟to do 形式。
④ reality n． 真实；现实；逼真
(回归课本P33)Xu Beihong believed that artists should show reality，but not just imitate it.
徐悲鸿认为艺术家应该表现现实，不只是模仿。
【归纳总结】
①In reality ，my grandfather can no longer walk...
事实上，我爷爷已经不能走路了……
②I realised that he needed help at that time.
我了解到他当时需要帮助。
③She finally realised her ambition to see the Great Wall.
她最终实现了游览长城的愿望。
④This book gives a realistic description of the life of ordinary people in Beijing.
这本书真实地描述普通北京人的生活。
【例句探源】
7.The________of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon，the training centre will have to close.
A．reality B．cause C．reason D．result
解析：选A。句意“现实情况是，如果我们不能很快找到新的资金，培训中心就不得不关闭。”
8．完成句子
She says she’s poor but_____________she has a lot of money.
她说她很穷，但事实上她很有钱。
答案：in reality
【即境活用】
⑤ put off 推迟；延期
(回归课本P35)She put off completing the picture，because she didn’t like it.
她把完成这幅画的时间推迟了，因为她不喜欢这幅画。
put aside撇开，置之不理；节省，储蓄，储存
put away放好(某物)，储存
put back推迟，延迟；使(人或物)回到(以前的位置或状态)
put down写下，记下；击败；批评
put forward提出；推荐某人
put on穿上，戴上；演出
put out熄灭，扑灭；生产，制造
put up with忍受，忍耐
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①Don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today.
今日事，今日毕。
②We’ll have to put off going on vacation until you’re better.
我们得把休假日期推迟，直到你好些为止。
③(朗文P1661)I just don’t have the money right now?I’ll have to put him off for another week.
我现在没钱??我不得不让他再等一周。
9.用适当的介词或副词填空
(1)Here’s my address－put it ________ in case you forget it.
(2)A new theory was put ________ at the meeting.
(3)Kids，let’s put your toys ________ and go out for lunch.
(4)There are many inconveniences that you have to put up ________when you are away from home.
(5)He has put ________ a lot of money.
答案：(1)down (2)forward (3)away (4)with
(5)aside
【即境活用】
10．(高考大纲全国卷Ⅱ)My mother opened the drawer to__________the knives and spoons.
A．put away B．put up
C．put on D．put together
解析：选A。句意：妈妈打开抽屉把刀和勺子收好。本题考查动词词组辨析。put away(使用完毕)将某物收起或放进抽屉、箱子里；put up 举起，建造、搭起，张贴等；put on 穿上、戴上(衣帽)，演出(戏剧)；put together合计，合起来，组装。根据句意，A项正确。
⑥ take turns 轮流
(回归课本P37) Take turns to ask your questions.轮流问问题。
It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
by turns轮流
a hand’s turn举手之劳
in turn反过来；依次
in one’s turn轮到……
【归纳总结】
① They took turns at driving/to drive the car.
他们轮流开车。
②The students filled in the form in turn.
学生们依次填表。
③You mustn’t speak out of your turn.
未轮到你时，不要发言。
④It’s your turn to do the cleaning.轮到你扫除了。
【例句探源】
11．In winter people burn a lot of coal to warm themselves，and this__________causes pollution and global warming.
A．in turn B．in all
C．take turns D．by turn
解析：选A。“冬天人们烧煤取暖，这样反过来又造成了环境污染和全球变暖。”
【即境活用】
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 This is a painting by the Spanish artist，Pablo Picasso，considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century.(P33)
这是西班牙画家巴勃罗?毕加索的一幅油画，他被认为是20世纪西方最伟大的艺术家。
【句法分析】 considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Pablo Picasso。过去分词(短语)作定语，与所修饰词语之间通常存在被动关系，少数过去分词也可表示完成，不表示被动。
①The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.
政府决定重新修复那座被毁坏的大桥。
②The electric bicycle produced by our factory is of high quality.
我们厂生产的电动车质量很高。
③The fox(which was)shot in the legs couldn’t run any longer.
这只狐狸被射中了腿部，再也不能奔跑了。
④She is sweeping up the fallen leaves on the ground.
她正在打扫地上的落叶。(fallen表完成，不表被动)
12.(高考四川卷)A great number of students________said they were forced to practise the piano.
A．to question B．to be questioned
C．questioned D．questioning
解析：选C。句意：许多被询问的学生说他们是被迫练习弹钢琴的。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。students 和question之间是被动关系，故排除A、D两项；B项表示要被询问，不符合语境；C项表示被询问过的，符合句意。
【即境活用】
13．(高考北京卷)I’m calling to enquire about the position__________in yesterday’s China Daily.
A．advertised B．to be advertised
C．advertising D．having advertised
解析：选A。句意：我打电话来是想询问一下有关昨天在《中国日报》上刊登的招聘职位的情况。本题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。空格处部分作position的定语，与position在逻辑上是被动关系，根据句意“职位已在昨天的报纸上被刊登”，表示被动及完成，故A项符合题意。
② 【教材原句】 What do you make of (it)？(P38)
你认为它怎么样？
【句法分析】 (1)此句相当于What do you think of...？或What’s your opinion of...?
make of 常用于what 引导的疑问句或否定句中。
①What do you make of this latest idea?
你对这个最新的计划有何看法？
②I didn’t make much of his speech，did you?
我听不懂他的演讲，你呢？
③Make the most of the sunshine，because we don’t get such fine weather in winter.
好好地享受阳光，因为在冬天我们没有多少这样的好天气。
14．?We have to attract younger customers.
?Exactly！__________
A．You’ve got it right.
B．What do you make of it?
C．That’s all right.
D．Thanks a lot.
① observe vt .& vi. 观察，注意到；遵守(法律、习俗等)；
庆祝(节日等)；评论，评述
(回归课本P33)Qi Baishi observed the world of nature very carefully，and his paintings are special because of this.
齐白石对自然界观察得很仔细，他的画因此而别具特色。
【归纳总结】
①He observed that the key was missing the moment he got home.
他一到家就发现钥匙不见了。
②Ben knew that someone had observed him meeting Ryan.
本知道有人看到他和瑞安见面了。
③Does everyone observe the speed limit in your country?
在你们国家是否人人都遵守限制车速的规定？
④She observed that the journey was long and tiring.
她说这次旅行又长又累。
【例句探源】
1.Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still ________ the traditional customs.
A．perform B．possess
C．observe D．support
解析：选C。observe在此句中意为“遵守”。perform履行，执行，表演；possess占有，拥有，摆布，支配；support支持，支援。
2．完成句子
Every one is expected to______________________.
人人应该遵守交通规则。
答案：observe the traffic rules
【即境活用】
② adopt vt. 采纳，采用；收养
(回归课本P32)a style of painting adopted by a group of artists
一种被一群艺术家所采用的绘画风格
【归纳总结】
①Having no children of their own, they decided to adopt an orphan.因为他们没有亲生儿女，所以决定领养一个孤儿。
②Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted.
许多建议很快就被采纳了。
③The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans...中国政府已正式通过几条噪音控制方案……
【例句探源】
【易混辨析】
adopt，adapt
(1)adopt表示“采纳(意见/计划/方法)；采用；收养”等。
(2)adapt表示“适应”时常用adapt oneself to，表示“修改(为……之用)”时常用adapt＋n.＋for use。
①The children are finding it hard to adapt to their new school.
②We’d like to adopt your idea.
3．(高考浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they________very easily to new environments.
A．adapt B．appeal
C．attach D．apply
解析：选A。考查短语辨析。句意：关于孩子们，好的一点是他们很容易适应新环境。adapt to表示“使适应于”；appeal to表示“对……有吸引力”；attach to表示“(使)相关”；apply to则表示“运用，适用于”。根据语意，故选A项。
【即境活用】
4.完成句子
Our school has ________________________________.
我们学校采用了一个新的方法。
答案：adopted a new method of teaching
③ stand v． 站立；忍受；承担
n． 看台；摊子；立场
(回归课本P33)But I can’t stand that picture of a golden?haired girl.
但我受不了那幅金发女孩儿的画。
【归纳总结】
can’t stand sb./sth.不能忍受某人/物
can’t stand(sb./sth.)doing sth.不能忍受(某人/物)做……
stand by袖手旁观；支持(某人)
stand for代表
stand out显眼；突出
stand on one’s hands/head倒立
stand on one’s feet独立
①I can’t stand listening to songs like that.
我受不了那样的音乐。
②I can’t stand people interrupting me all the time.
我不能容忍老有人打岔。
③I can’t stand my little brother because he is too noisy.
我不能忍受我的小弟因为他太吵了。
④A teacher can’t stand being cheated by his students.
老师不能忍受被学生欺骗。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
5. Modern plastics can________very high and very low temperatures.
A．stand B．hold C．carry D．support
解析：选A。stand在句中表示能够承受很高和很低的温度。
6．I can’t stand________with Jane in the same office.
She just refuses________talking while she works.
A．working；stopping B．to work；stopping
C．working；to stop D．to work；to stop
解析：选C。stand 后跟v.?ing 形式refuse后跟to do 形式。
④ reality n． 真实；现实；逼真
(回归课本P33)Xu Beihong believed that artists should show reality，but not just imitate it.
徐悲鸿认为艺术家应该表现现实，不只是模仿。
【归纳总结】
①In reality ，my grandfather can no longer walk...
事实上，我爷爷已经不能走路了……
②I realised that he needed help at that time.
我了解到他当时需要帮助。
③She finally realised her ambition to see the Great Wall.
她最终实现了游览长城的愿望。
④This book gives a realistic description of the life of ordinary people in Beijing.
这本书真实地描述普通北京人的生活。
【例句探源】
7.The________of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon，the training centre will have to close.
A．reality B．cause C．reason D．result
解析：选A。句意“现实情况是，如果我们不能很快找到新的资金，培训中心就不得不关闭。”
8．完成句子
She says she’s poor but_____________she has a lot of money.
她说她很穷，但事实上她很有钱。
答案：in reality
【即境活用】
⑤ put off 推迟；延期
(回归课本P35)She put off completing the picture，because she didn’t like it.
她把完成这幅画的时间推迟了，因为她不喜欢这幅画。
put aside撇开，置之不理；节省，储蓄，储存
put away放好(某物)，储存
put back推迟，延迟；使(人或物)回到(以前的位置或状态)
put down写下，记下；击败；批评
put forward提出；推荐某人
put on穿上，戴上；演出
put out熄灭，扑灭；生产，制造
put up with忍受，忍耐
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①Don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today.
今日事，今日毕。
②We’ll have to put off going on vacation until you’re better.
我们得把休假日期推迟，直到你好些为止。
③(朗文P1661)I just don’t have the money right now?I’ll have to put him off for another week.
我现在没钱??我不得不让他再等一周。
9.用适当的介词或副词填空
(1)Here’s my address－put it ________ in case you forget it.
(2)A new theory was put ________ at the meeting.
(3)Kids，let’s put your toys ________ and go out for lunch.
(4)There are many inconveniences that you have to put up ________when you are away from home.
(5)He has put ________ a lot of money.
答案：(1)down (2)forward (3)away (4)with
(5)aside
【即境活用】
10．(高考大纲全国卷Ⅱ)My mother opened the drawer to__________the knives and spoons.
A．put away B．put up
C．put on D．put together
解析：选A。句意：妈妈打开抽屉把刀和勺子收好。本题考查动词词组辨析。put away(使用完毕)将某物收起或放进抽屉、箱子里；put up 举起，建造、搭起，张贴等；put on 穿上、戴上(衣帽)，演出(戏剧)；put together合计，合起来，组装。根据句意，A项正确。
⑥ take turns 轮流
(回归课本P37) Take turns to ask your questions.轮流问问题。
It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
by turns轮流
a hand’s turn举手之劳
in turn反过来；依次
in one’s turn轮到……
【归纳总结】
① They took turns at driving/to drive the car.
他们轮流开车。
②The students filled in the form in turn.
学生们依次填表。
③You mustn’t speak out of your turn.
未轮到你时，不要发言。
④It’s your turn to do the cleaning.轮到你扫除了。
【例句探源】
11．In winter people burn a lot of coal to warm themselves，and this__________causes pollution and global warming.
A．in turn B．in all
C．take turns D．by turn
解析：选A。“冬天人们烧煤取暖，这样反过来又造成了环境污染和全球变暖。”
【即境活用】
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 This is a painting by the Spanish artist，Pablo Picasso，considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century.(P33)
这是西班牙画家巴勃罗?毕加索的一幅油画，他被认为是20世纪西方最伟大的艺术家。
【句法分析】 considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Pablo Picasso。过去分词(短语)作定语，与所修饰词语之间通常存在被动关系，少数过去分词也可表示完成，不表示被动。
①The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.
政府决定重新修复那座被毁坏的大桥。
②The electric bicycle produced by our factory is of high quality.
我们厂生产的电动车质量很高。
③The fox(which was)shot in the legs couldn’t run any longer.
这只狐狸被射中了腿部，再也不能奔跑了。
④She is sweeping up the fallen leaves on the ground.
她正在打扫地上的落叶。(fallen表完成，不表被动)
12.(高考四川卷)A great number of students________said they were forced to practise the piano.
A．to question B．to be questioned
C．questioned D．questioning
解析：选C。句意：许多被询问的学生说他们是被迫练习弹钢琴的。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。students 和question之间是被动关系，故排除A、D两项；B项表示要被询问，不符合语境；C项表示被询问过的，符合句意。
【即境活用】
13．(高考北京卷)I’m calling to enquire about the position__________in yesterday’s China Daily.
A．advertised B．to be advertised
C．advertising D．having advertised
解析：选A。句意：我打电话来是想询问一下有关昨天在《中国日报》上刊登的招聘职位的情况。本题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。空格处部分作position的定语，与position在逻辑上是被动关系，根据句意“职位已在昨天的报纸上被刊登”，表示被动及完成，故A项符合题意。
② 【教材原句】 What do you make of (it)？(P38)
你认为它怎么样？
【句法分析】 (1)此句相当于What do you think of...？或What’s your opinion of...?
make of 常用于what 引导的疑问句或否定句中。
①What do you make of this latest idea?
你对这个最新的计划有何看法？
②I didn’t make much of his speech，did you?
我听不懂他的演讲，你呢？
③Make the most of the sunshine，because we don’t get such fine weather in winter.
好好地享受阳光，因为在冬天我们没有多少这样的好天气。
14．?We have to attract younger customers.
?Exactly！__________
A．You’ve got it right.
B．What do you make of it?
C．That’s all right.
D．Thanks a lot.
