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Unit 2 The United Kingdom教案
IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1.consist vi.由...组成, 在于, 一致
consist of=be made up of 由…组成;由…构成
[典例]
1)Substances consist of small particles called molecules. 物质是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。
2)True charity doesn't consist in almsgiving. 真正的慈善不在于施舍。
[练习]翻译:
1) 这支球队由12人组成。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2) 这位艺术家的风格上的美在于它的简朴。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) the team consists of 12 players. 2)The beauty of the artist's style consists in its simplicity.
2.clarify v.澄清, 阐明
[典例]
1)---Could you clarify the first point please? 请你澄清第一个要点，好吗?
---I don’t understand it completely，either．我也并不完全理解。
2) His mind suddenly clarified. 他的脑子突然清醒过来。
[练习] 翻译句子
1)她写信详细说明她的意图.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2)澄清某人的立场
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1)She wrote a letter to clarify her intentions. 2) clarify one's position
3.convenience n.便利, 方便, 有益, 有用的, 方便的用具
[典例]
1) We bought this house for its convenience．我们买下这所房子是为了方便。
2) Please come at your convenience．请在你方便的时候来。
3) Gas is one of the modern conveniences the newly-built apartment building provides．
这幢新造的公寓大楼装有煤气等现代化设备。
[重点用法]
inconvenience n． 不方便
convenient adj． 便利的，适宜的
at one's convenience在某人方便的时候
for one's convenience(of)为了某人的方便
for convenience's sake为了方便起见
make a convenience of …利用
[练习]翻译句子
1) 如果方便就来看看我。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2) 你方便明天开始工作吗?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1)Come and see me if it is convenient to you．2) Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
4.influence n.& vt.影响, 感化, 势力, 有影响的人(或事)
[典例]
1) What influenced you to do it?是什么感染了你要这么做？
2) Don’t be influenced by him; you should hold your own decision.别被他影响了你，你该有你自己的决定。
[重点用法]
have influence on/with…对……产生影响
under the influence of 在......的影响下
[练习]翻译句子
1）父母亲的行为总会给孩子带来影响。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2）在议会的影响下，总统改变了主意。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) What parents do always has influence on their children. 2) The president changed his idea under the influence of the senate.
5.available adj.可用到的, 可利用的,有空的,
[典例]
1) Attention，please．These tickets are available on the day of issue only．
请注意，这种车票仅在发售当天有效
2) Dresses are not available in your size, I’m afraid.
这些衣服恐怕没有你的尺寸。
[重点用法]
反义词：unavailable
[考例]单项填空
We regret to inform you that there are no tickets ______ for Friday’s performance.
A. available B. spare C. convenient D. affordable
【解析】 根据句意“我们很遗憾地通知你星期五的演出票没有了”。可知available “可提供的，可得到的”，常作后置定语。答案：A。
[练习]翻译句子
1) 这里没有这本书。
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2)在拥挤的地方,没有车位可用。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) This book is not available here. 2) In the busy place, no car parking is available for use.
6.arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商
[典例]
1) The child was required to arrange his shoes in a neat row by his parents.
家长要这个小孩把鞋放成整齐的一排
2) He was arranged by his family to marry a girl of his own class 他家里安排他娶一个门当户对的女孩。
[重点用法]
arrange for安排, 准备
arrange with sb. about sth.与某人商定某事
[练习]翻译句子
1)你得在会议开始前把书架上的书整理好。
2）他们在秘密地为一场盛大婚礼做准备
Keys: 1) You should finish arranging the books on the shelves before the meeting. 2) They are arranging for a big wedding secretly.
7. delight n.快乐, 高兴, 喜悦v. (使)高兴, (使)欣喜
[典例]
1)Sometimes an old movie can still delight the people who have a sweet memory for the old days.有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的人们带来喜悦。
2)The movie Xi Yangyang & Hui Tailang gave delight to millions of children. 电影《喜羊羊与灰太郎》使千万小朋友获得乐趣。
[重点用法]
take/find/have delight in喜爱, 以...为乐
to sb.'s delight令人高兴的是...
delight in 嗜好
[练习]翻译句子
1)他的表演使观众感到满意。
2)唱歌是她的主要爱好。
3)年轻人喜欢旅行。
Keys: 1) He delighted the audience with his performance. 2) Singing is her chief delight. 3) The young delight in /take delight/ in travels
V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1.take the place of代替,取代
[典例]
1) In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel.将来天然气会代替汽油成为主要的能源。
2) I’ll take the place of Mr．Lin next week．=I’ll take Mr．Lin's place next week．
下周我将代替林老师。
[重点用法]
take place发生；举行
take one's place就位；代替某人
in place of (= instead of)代替
in place在适当的位置
out of place不得其所，不适当地
in the first place首先
from place to place到处；各处
[练习] 选择以上短语填空
1) A sudden accident _______ in the street last evening.
2)She likes everything _______ before she starts to work．She hates a mess．
Keys: 1)took place 2)in place
2. break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解
[经典例句]
1) The bridge broke down．桥塌了。
2) The engine broke down．发动机坏了。
3) He has broken down from overwork．他因工作过度而累垮了。
4) Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen．水可以分解为氢和氧。
5) The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious pollution．再建一个化工厂的计划失败了，因为这将引起严重的污染。
[词汇激活]
break away from摆脱，脱离
break in闯入；插话
break into闯入；破门而人；打断(谈话)
break off中止；折断；打折
break out爆发；突然发生
break through突破；冲垮
break up分解；(使)结束;分开,分离
[练习]请填人适当的介词或副词：
1)To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ___________ into pieces.
2) The elevator broke _______.
3) Fighting broke_______ in the prison cells.
4)Fire broke _______during the night.
5) On the way to the prison house, the prisoners suddenly broke _______ from the policeman.
Keys: 1) down 2) down 3) out 4) out 5) away
3. leave out省去,遗漏
[典例]
1) You have left out the most important word in this sentence．
你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。
2) Don't leave me out when you invite people to your party．
当你邀请人们去参加晚会时，别把我漏掉了。
[重点用法]
leave for 动身到(某处)
leave alone不管;撇下…一个人
leave aside搁置
leave behind遗忘;遗留
[练习]请填人适当的介词或副词：
1) They were left ______ in the wilderness.
2) He was asked to make up the information left ______ by the leader.
Keys: 1) alone 2) out
VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.
没有必要去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。
[解释]There is no need to do没有必要做某事
There is no doubt that ……是毫无疑问的
[练习]汉译英
1) 我们有必要再去那一趟吗?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2) 没必要给他写封信告知这个消息.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1) Is there any need for us to go there again?
2) There is no need to write to him and inform him the news.
1.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，而且在伦敦去世.
[解释] It is/seems/…that …从句用虚拟语气，由“should+v.原形”构成
[典例]
1) It is strange that my mother should agree with me.真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。
2) It was strange that my mother should have agreed with me. 真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。
[练习]翻译
1）真奇怪,他竟然考试不及格.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2）似乎很奇怪，他能够通过触摸判断花的种类。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Key: 1)It’s strange that he should fail the exam. 2) It seemed strange that he could tell the different kinds of flower by touching.
二、课文要点
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
The United Kingdom 1 （由…组成） four countries: England, 2 , Scotland and Northern Ireland, 3 is known to the world in a flag 4 (call) the Union Jack. The four countries do work together in some areas, but they have developed different 5 (教育的) and legal systems. England, the largest of the four countries, is 6 (大致) divided into three zones. Its capital, 7 , has been influenced by the invaders of England, and you will find 8 greatest historical treasure in it.
答案：1. consists of 2. Wales 3. which 4. called 5. educational 6. roughly 7. London 8. the
2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语。
从短文中我们得知联合王国由四个国家：英格兰，威尔士，苏格兰和北爱尔兰组成。它还介绍了英国和伦敦，并说明英格兰文化如何受到入侵者的影响。
From the passage we know _______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：From the passage we know the United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It also gives us a brief introduction of England and London, and explains how the culture of England was influenced by its invaders
3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）
1【原句】The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings.
[模仿要点] 将两个简单句合并成一句，并很好地运用with + N. 作定语。
【模仿】1.作为奥运项目，射击稳步发展，1896年奥运会只有三个项目，现今有17项。(NMET2008)
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答案：As an Olympic sport, shooting has been developing steadily with only three events in 1896 but 17 events at the moment.
【模仿】2. 如收门票，需建大门?围墙，会影响城市形象。
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答案：With entrance fees charged, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of the city．
2【原句】There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.
[模仿要点] 句子结构：there is no need to do sth
【模仿】1 你没有必要花很多时间做英语练习而不加思考。
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答案：There is no need to spend much of your spare time doing English exercises without think of their rules.
【模仿】2 我们没有必要再争论学生该不该上网，我们所要做的应该是充分使用网络来扩大我们的知识而尽量避免它的负面影响。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：There is no need to debate /quarrel/ discuss any more whether students should surf the Internet or not. What we should do now is to make good use of the net to increase our knowledge and try to avoid its bad effect.
3【原句】Now when people refer to England you find Wakes included as well.
[模仿要点] 句子结构：when … you will find sb included as well
【模仿1】 当人们谈到我们班的高材生时，你会发现汤姆也包括其中。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Now when people refer to the top students in our class, you will find Tom included as well.
Li Ping’s name , I think, must be mentioned as well.
【模仿2】 当老师表语哪些工作出色的人时，我敢说，你会发现姆也包括其中。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：When the teacher praises the whose who do well in their jobs, I dare say, you will find Tom included as well.
三、单元自测
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21?30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
字数：181完成时间：14分钟难度：***
The legal age for smoking in Japan is 20 and as the country' s 570,000 tobacco vending machines ( 自动售货机) prepare for a July regulation requiring them to ensure buyers are not minors, a company has developed a 21 to identify age by studying facial features.
By having the customer look into a digital camera 22 to the machine, Fujitaka Co's system will 23 facial characteristics, such as wrinkles surrounding the eyes, bone structure and skin sags (松弛), to the facial data of over 100,000 people, Hajime Yamamoto, a company spokesman said.
"With face 24 , so long as you've got some change and you are an adult, you can buy cigarettes like before. The problem of 25 borrowing (identification) cards to purchase cigarettes could be 26 as well," Yamamoto said.
But due to concerns about its accuracy, the facial identification method has yet to be 27 .
Yamamoto said the system could 28 identify about 90 percent of the 29 , with the remaining 10 percent sent to a "grey zone" for minors that look 30 , and baby-faced adults, where they would be asked to insert their driving license.
21. A. system B. machineC. program D. monitor
22. A. added B. attached C. covered D. devoted
23. A. prefer B. adjust C. lead D. compare
24. A. features B. structure C. recognition D. expression
25. A. students B. youths C. adults D. minors
26. A. avoided B. clarified C. raised D. improved
27. A. corrected B. approved C. updated D. spread
28. A. completely B. correctly C. specifically D. partly
29. A. smokers B. sellers C. lookers-on D. users
30. A. older B. younger C. wiser D. nicer
答案：
21. A。从第二段及最后一段第一句可以判断：一家日本公司研制出一套年龄识别体系。
22. B。attach to 所附的，“附在机器上的数码相机”。其他三个选项不符合语境。
23. D。compare ... to ... “系统将面部特征与十万多人的面部数据进行对比”。其他三个选项动词尽管可以和to连用，但不符合语境。
24. C。features 特征，structure 构造，recognition 识别，expression表情，选项C符合语境。
25. D。从文章第一句及最后一句可以判断。minor未成年人，本文首句提到吸烟的合法年龄是20岁，自动售货 机要确保购买者不是未成年人。
26. A。年龄识别系统可以避免未成年人借用身份证购买香烟的问题。clarify澄清。
27. B。因涉及到准确性问题，这套面部识别方法还有待批准。
28. B。该系统能正确识别出约90%的使用者。
29. D。从第一段to ensure buyers are not minors判断，该系统识别的是使用自动售货机购买香烟者。故选users。
30. A。从baby-faced adults可得提示。有10%的长相显老的未成年人和娃娃脸的成年人进入“灰色地带”。
2. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
字数：182完成时间：9分钟难度：****
For many times in the past years I went to the hospital for some minor 31 (treat) during my travel in other cities. It was the 32 (sad) moment of my life, I think, because nobody would come to the hospital to visit me. 33 patients had family or friends to visit them during the visiting hours I felt really alone. 34 is it possible that out of a whole world full of people, 35 would come to visit me for just an hour? The answer in my case was simple. With a bit of medication (药物治疗), I was back in the stream of life again. But I 36 (leave) with a deep thought for all the people and the elderly. 37 knows how many others that lie in the hospital with nobody 38 (visit) them or give a kind word of comfort? I had this wonderful idea of forming 39 organization in cities around the world, getting to hospitals to visit the patients who never get a visit and someone local could drop 40 with a smile and a kind word. Wouldn't it be nice and relatively easy to do?
答案：
31.treatments。本空前面的minor是一个形容词，它暗示了本空应填入一个名词。Treat(治疗)的名词形式是treatment。此外，本空前面的形容词some暗示了所填的名词应用复数形式。
32. saddest。本空考查形容词的最高级形式的用法。而且前面有定冠词the提示，根据句子意思应该选择saddest。
33. Other。考查other做形容词的用法，此时，other意为“其他的，另外的”。
34. How。考查疑问词的用法。
35. nobody。根据上下文，我们可以知道，没有任何人来探望作者本人。
36. was left。be left with a thought是一个固定的搭配，意为“产生……的一个想法”。
37. Who。考查疑问词的用法。这句话是个特殊疑问句，根据句子意思可知需要选who。
38. to visit。考查with的复合结构。
39. an。本空填入一个不定冠词表示泛指。
40. in / by / round。本空考查短语drop in / by / round的用法，其意思为：顺便访问，顺便进入。
3.阅读理解（每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：424完成时间：8分钟难度：***
Healthy relationships are fun and make you feel good about yourself. The relationships that you make in your teenage years will be a special pan of your life. They will teach you some of the most important lessons about who you are. This may help you understand different kinds of relationships, what makes each relationship special, and how to communicate in a positive way.
What makes a relationship healthy?
Communication and Sharing: The most important part of any healthy relationship between two people is being able to talk and listen to each other. You and the other person can find out what your common interests are. You can share your feelings with the other person and trust that he or she will be there to listen to you and support you. In healthy relationships, people don't lie. Communication is based on honesty and trust. By listening carefully and sharing your thoughts and feelings with other people, you show them that they play an important part in your life.
Respect and Trust: In healthy relationships, you learn to respect and trust important people in your life. Disagreements may still happen, but you learn to stay calm and talk about how you feel. Talking calmly helps you to understand the real reason for not getting along. It makes it much easier to figure out how to fix it. In healthy relationships, working through disagreements often makes the relationship stronger. In healthy relationships, people respect each other for who they are. This includes respecting and listening to yourself and your feelings so you can set boundaries and feel comfortable. You will fred that you learn to understand experiences and feelings of others as well as having them understand your experiences and feelings.
How do I know that I have a healthy relationship with someone？
You know that you are in a healthy relationship with someone because you feel good about yourself when you are around that person. Unhealthy relationships can make you feel sad, angry, scared, or worried.
Healthy peer relationships involve an equal amount of giving and taking in the relationship. In unhealthy relationships, there is an unfair balance. You may often feel that you are giving the other person more attention than that he or she gives to you.
You should feel safe around the other person and feel that you can trust him or her with your secrets. In a healthy relationship, you like to spend time with the other person, instead of feeling that you have to spend time with him or her.
41. The lessons you learn about the relationships in your teenage years may help you understand the following EXCEPT _________.
A. different kinds of relationships
B. different kinds of people and occasions
C. how to communicate in a positive way
D. what makes each relationship special
42. To have a healthy relationship, you shouldn't _________.
A. talk and listen to each other
B. have common interests
C. disagree and quarrel with each other
D. take as much as you give
43. When disagreements happen, you learn to stay calm because __________.
A. talking calmly helps you to understand the real reason for not getting along
B. talking calmly makes it much easier to figure out how to fix them
C. working through disagreements often makes the relationship stronger
D. all of the above
44. Which of the following relationships is healthy?
A. You feel upset when you are around someone.
B. You like to talk to someone and listen to him or her.
C. Giving without taking.
D. You feel that you have to spend time with him or her.
45. The passage implies that __________.
A. it's easy to establish a good relationship with someone
B. you don't need to give anything to make relationships healthy
C. healthy relationships need money, time, energy and care
D. mutual respect and trust lead to strong relationships
答案：
41．B．细节判断题。由第一段最后一句可知。
42．C细节理解题。从第三段第五句可知。
43．D．细节推断题。从第三段第二、三句可知：
44．B．细节理解题。从最后一段可知。
45．D．综合推理题。由全文可知。
4.读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Hi, I am Jane. I like the book named The Story of My Life by Helen Keller, which is the most influential book in my life. It is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout. Helen Keller was once in deep despair in her childhood, but finally she decided to overcome her physical defects and live happily. Furthermore, she showed great patience in her long and hard learning period. I have learned, above all, three lessons from her story. First, she taught me that often the road to success is to face hardships bravely. Maybe you are born under a star yet you can stand a better chance than others. It is therefore important that you screw up your courage when courage is needed. Second, the destruction of part of her senses did not prevent her from learning: on the contrary, she had made continual efforts to go deeper into the realm of knowledge, and her perseverance had thus helped her overcome many handicaps. Third, she advised that we should make the most of our sense-organs as if we would lose them soon because in this way we would observe the world more carefully than ever before.
The book is inspiring in that it is one brimming over with the unbending will of a gallant woman set with seemingly insurmountable (adj.不可克服的) difficulties. I hope I can be as courageous as she.
[写作内容]
你的英语老师在上英语口语课时，要求同学们每人就“影响我一生的一本书”的话题进行讨论，你参加讨论。听完Jane的发言之后，请你以“The Most Influential Book in My Life”为题，准备一份发言稿。内容包括以下内容：
1．以约30个词概括Jane的发言要点；
2．然后以约120个词谈谈影响你的一生的某一本书，内容包括：
1)这本书令你印象最深的是什么? 2)这本书如何影响你的人生? 3)你的感想。
[写作要求]
1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
[写作辅导]
1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：印象impression，影响affect／have influence on sth．／have an effect on sth．
2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：I like the book named The Story of My Life by Helen Keller,
which is the most influential book in my life./The book is inspiring.../It is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout./I hope I can be as courageous as she.
3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章是谈谈影响你的一生的某一本书，属于评论性文字和结论性的观点，故用一般现在时或一般将来时态较为合理。
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[答案]
The Most Influential Book in My Life
Jane gives us the outline of the book, The Story of My Life by Helen Keller. The book is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout, which affects Jane's life most influentially, and she expects herself to be courageous as Helen Keller.
Books really have good or bad influence on one's growth. To me, the book named Monkey King by Wu Chengen is the most influential book in my life. The Monkey King, Sun Wukong, had a bitter experience of helping his master overcome a great many difficulties in order to get good results. In fact, Failure is a common thing in life. But there are different attitudes towards failure. Years ago, I had a bad attitude towards my failure. However, I have had a good attitude towards failure since I read the book. Now, I don't mind failure because it isn't indeed a bad matter, which tells us how to approach our goal. Whenever I am faced with great difficulties, I never say easily, "I will give up!"
Good books are both important and beneficial to the character development and personal growth of the young people. This is what I have got from my experience.
Unit 2 The United Kingdom教案
IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1.consist vi.由...组成, 在于, 一致
consist of=be made up of 由…组成;由…构成
[典例]
1)Substances consist of small particles called molecules. 物质是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。
2)True charity doesn't consist in almsgiving. 真正的慈善不在于施舍。
[练习]翻译:
1) 这支球队由12人组成。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2) 这位艺术家的风格上的美在于它的简朴。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) the team consists of 12 players. 2)The beauty of the artist's style consists in its simplicity.
2.clarify v.澄清, 阐明
[典例]
1)---Could you clarify the first point please? 请你澄清第一个要点，好吗?
---I don’t understand it completely，either．我也并不完全理解。
2) His mind suddenly clarified. 他的脑子突然清醒过来。
[练习] 翻译句子
1)她写信详细说明她的意图.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2)澄清某人的立场
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1)She wrote a letter to clarify her intentions. 2) clarify one's position
3.convenience n.便利, 方便, 有益, 有用的, 方便的用具
[典例]
1) We bought this house for its convenience．我们买下这所房子是为了方便。
2) Please come at your convenience．请在你方便的时候来。
3) Gas is one of the modern conveniences the newly-built apartment building provides．
这幢新造的公寓大楼装有煤气等现代化设备。
[重点用法]
inconvenience n． 不方便
convenient adj． 便利的，适宜的
at one's convenience在某人方便的时候
for one's convenience(of)为了某人的方便
for convenience's sake为了方便起见
make a convenience of …利用
[练习]翻译句子
1) 如果方便就来看看我。
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2) 你方便明天开始工作吗?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1)Come and see me if it is convenient to you．2) Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
4.influence n.& vt.影响, 感化, 势力, 有影响的人(或事)
[典例]
1) What influenced you to do it?是什么感染了你要这么做？
2) Don’t be influenced by him; you should hold your own decision.别被他影响了你，你该有你自己的决定。
[重点用法]
have influence on/with…对……产生影响
under the influence of 在......的影响下
[练习]翻译句子
1）父母亲的行为总会给孩子带来影响。
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2）在议会的影响下，总统改变了主意。
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Keys: 1) What parents do always has influence on their children. 2) The president changed his idea under the influence of the senate.
5.available adj.可用到的, 可利用的,有空的,
[典例]
1) Attention，please．These tickets are available on the day of issue only．
请注意，这种车票仅在发售当天有效
2) Dresses are not available in your size, I’m afraid.
这些衣服恐怕没有你的尺寸。
[重点用法]
反义词：unavailable
[考例]单项填空
We regret to inform you that there are no tickets ______ for Friday’s performance.
A. available B. spare C. convenient D. affordable
【解析】 根据句意“我们很遗憾地通知你星期五的演出票没有了”。可知available “可提供的，可得到的”，常作后置定语。答案：A。
[练习]翻译句子
1) 这里没有这本书。
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2)在拥挤的地方,没有车位可用。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) This book is not available here. 2) In the busy place, no car parking is available for use.
6.arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商
[典例]
1) The child was required to arrange his shoes in a neat row by his parents.
家长要这个小孩把鞋放成整齐的一排
2) He was arranged by his family to marry a girl of his own class 他家里安排他娶一个门当户对的女孩。
[重点用法]
arrange for安排, 准备
arrange with sb. about sth.与某人商定某事
[练习]翻译句子
1)你得在会议开始前把书架上的书整理好。
2）他们在秘密地为一场盛大婚礼做准备
Keys: 1) You should finish arranging the books on the shelves before the meeting. 2) They are arranging for a big wedding secretly.
7. delight n.快乐, 高兴, 喜悦v. (使)高兴, (使)欣喜
[典例]
1)Sometimes an old movie can still delight the people who have a sweet memory for the old days.有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的人们带来喜悦。
2)The movie Xi Yangyang & Hui Tailang gave delight to millions of children. 电影《喜羊羊与灰太郎》使千万小朋友获得乐趣。
[重点用法]
take/find/have delight in喜爱, 以...为乐
to sb.'s delight令人高兴的是...
delight in 嗜好
[练习]翻译句子
1)他的表演使观众感到满意。
2)唱歌是她的主要爱好。
3)年轻人喜欢旅行。
Keys: 1) He delighted the audience with his performance. 2) Singing is her chief delight. 3) The young delight in /take delight/ in travels
V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1.take the place of代替,取代
[典例]
1) In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel.将来天然气会代替汽油成为主要的能源。
2) I’ll take the place of Mr．Lin next week．=I’ll take Mr．Lin's place next week．
下周我将代替林老师。
[重点用法]
take place发生；举行
take one's place就位；代替某人
in place of (= instead of)代替
in place在适当的位置
out of place不得其所，不适当地
in the first place首先
from place to place到处；各处
[练习] 选择以上短语填空
1) A sudden accident _______ in the street last evening.
2)She likes everything _______ before she starts to work．She hates a mess．
Keys: 1)took place 2)in place
2. break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解
[经典例句]
1) The bridge broke down．桥塌了。
2) The engine broke down．发动机坏了。
3) He has broken down from overwork．他因工作过度而累垮了。
4) Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen．水可以分解为氢和氧。
5) The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious pollution．再建一个化工厂的计划失败了，因为这将引起严重的污染。
[词汇激活]
break away from摆脱，脱离
break in闯入；插话
break into闯入；破门而人；打断(谈话)
break off中止；折断；打折
break out爆发；突然发生
break through突破；冲垮
break up分解；(使)结束;分开,分离
[练习]请填人适当的介词或副词：
1)To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ___________ into pieces.
2) The elevator broke _______.
3) Fighting broke_______ in the prison cells.
4)Fire broke _______during the night.
5) On the way to the prison house, the prisoners suddenly broke _______ from the policeman.
Keys: 1) down 2) down 3) out 4) out 5) away
3. leave out省去,遗漏
[典例]
1) You have left out the most important word in this sentence．
你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。
2) Don't leave me out when you invite people to your party．
当你邀请人们去参加晚会时，别把我漏掉了。
[重点用法]
leave for 动身到(某处)
leave alone不管;撇下…一个人
leave aside搁置
leave behind遗忘;遗留
[练习]请填人适当的介词或副词：
1) They were left ______ in the wilderness.
2) He was asked to make up the information left ______ by the leader.
Keys: 1) alone 2) out
VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.
没有必要去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。
[解释]There is no need to do没有必要做某事
There is no doubt that ……是毫无疑问的
[练习]汉译英
1) 我们有必要再去那一趟吗?
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2) 没必要给他写封信告知这个消息.
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Keys:
1) Is there any need for us to go there again?
2) There is no need to write to him and inform him the news.
1.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，而且在伦敦去世.
[解释] It is/seems/…that …从句用虚拟语气，由“should+v.原形”构成
[典例]
1) It is strange that my mother should agree with me.真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。
2) It was strange that my mother should have agreed with me. 真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。
[练习]翻译
1）真奇怪,他竟然考试不及格.
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2）似乎很奇怪，他能够通过触摸判断花的种类。
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Key: 1)It’s strange that he should fail the exam. 2) It seemed strange that he could tell the different kinds of flower by touching.
二、课文要点
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
The United Kingdom 1 （由…组成） four countries: England, 2 , Scotland and Northern Ireland, 3 is known to the world in a flag 4 (call) the Union Jack. The four countries do work together in some areas, but they have developed different 5 (教育的) and legal systems. England, the largest of the four countries, is 6 (大致) divided into three zones. Its capital, 7 , has been influenced by the invaders of England, and you will find 8 greatest historical treasure in it.
答案：1. consists of 2. Wales 3. which 4. called 5. educational 6. roughly 7. London 8. the
2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语。
从短文中我们得知联合王国由四个国家：英格兰，威尔士，苏格兰和北爱尔兰组成。它还介绍了英国和伦敦，并说明英格兰文化如何受到入侵者的影响。
From the passage we know _______________________________________________________
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答案：From the passage we know the United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It also gives us a brief introduction of England and London, and explains how the culture of England was influenced by its invaders
3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）
1【原句】The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings.
[模仿要点] 将两个简单句合并成一句，并很好地运用with + N. 作定语。
【模仿】1.作为奥运项目，射击稳步发展，1896年奥运会只有三个项目，现今有17项。(NMET2008)
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答案：As an Olympic sport, shooting has been developing steadily with only three events in 1896 but 17 events at the moment.
【模仿】2. 如收门票，需建大门?围墙，会影响城市形象。
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答案：With entrance fees charged, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of the city．
2【原句】There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.
[模仿要点] 句子结构：there is no need to do sth
【模仿】1 你没有必要花很多时间做英语练习而不加思考。
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答案：There is no need to spend much of your spare time doing English exercises without think of their rules.
【模仿】2 我们没有必要再争论学生该不该上网，我们所要做的应该是充分使用网络来扩大我们的知识而尽量避免它的负面影响。
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答案：There is no need to debate /quarrel/ discuss any more whether students should surf the Internet or not. What we should do now is to make good use of the net to increase our knowledge and try to avoid its bad effect.
3【原句】Now when people refer to England you find Wakes included as well.
[模仿要点] 句子结构：when … you will find sb included as well
【模仿1】 当人们谈到我们班的高材生时，你会发现汤姆也包括其中。
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答案：Now when people refer to the top students in our class, you will find Tom included as well.
Li Ping’s name , I think, must be mentioned as well.
【模仿2】 当老师表语哪些工作出色的人时，我敢说，你会发现姆也包括其中。
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答案：When the teacher praises the whose who do well in their jobs, I dare say, you will find Tom included as well.
三、单元自测
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21?30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
字数：181完成时间：14分钟难度：***
The legal age for smoking in Japan is 20 and as the country' s 570,000 tobacco vending machines ( 自动售货机) prepare for a July regulation requiring them to ensure buyers are not minors, a company has developed a 21 to identify age by studying facial features.
By having the customer look into a digital camera 22 to the machine, Fujitaka Co's system will 23 facial characteristics, such as wrinkles surrounding the eyes, bone structure and skin sags (松弛), to the facial data of over 100,000 people, Hajime Yamamoto, a company spokesman said.
"With face 24 , so long as you've got some change and you are an adult, you can buy cigarettes like before. The problem of 25 borrowing (identification) cards to purchase cigarettes could be 26 as well," Yamamoto said.
But due to concerns about its accuracy, the facial identification method has yet to be 27 .
Yamamoto said the system could 28 identify about 90 percent of the 29 , with the remaining 10 percent sent to a "grey zone" for minors that look 30 , and baby-faced adults, where they would be asked to insert their driving license.
21. A. system B. machineC. program D. monitor
22. A. added B. attached C. covered D. devoted
23. A. prefer B. adjust C. lead D. compare
24. A. features B. structure C. recognition D. expression
25. A. students B. youths C. adults D. minors
26. A. avoided B. clarified C. raised D. improved
27. A. corrected B. approved C. updated D. spread
28. A. completely B. correctly C. specifically D. partly
29. A. smokers B. sellers C. lookers-on D. users
30. A. older B. younger C. wiser D. nicer
答案：
21. A。从第二段及最后一段第一句可以判断：一家日本公司研制出一套年龄识别体系。
22. B。attach to 所附的，“附在机器上的数码相机”。其他三个选项不符合语境。
23. D。compare ... to ... “系统将面部特征与十万多人的面部数据进行对比”。其他三个选项动词尽管可以和to连用，但不符合语境。
24. C。features 特征，structure 构造，recognition 识别，expression表情，选项C符合语境。
25. D。从文章第一句及最后一句可以判断。minor未成年人，本文首句提到吸烟的合法年龄是20岁，自动售货 机要确保购买者不是未成年人。
26. A。年龄识别系统可以避免未成年人借用身份证购买香烟的问题。clarify澄清。
27. B。因涉及到准确性问题，这套面部识别方法还有待批准。
28. B。该系统能正确识别出约90%的使用者。
29. D。从第一段to ensure buyers are not minors判断，该系统识别的是使用自动售货机购买香烟者。故选users。
30. A。从baby-faced adults可得提示。有10%的长相显老的未成年人和娃娃脸的成年人进入“灰色地带”。
2. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
字数：182完成时间：9分钟难度：****
For many times in the past years I went to the hospital for some minor 31 (treat) during my travel in other cities. It was the 32 (sad) moment of my life, I think, because nobody would come to the hospital to visit me. 33 patients had family or friends to visit them during the visiting hours I felt really alone. 34 is it possible that out of a whole world full of people, 35 would come to visit me for just an hour? The answer in my case was simple. With a bit of medication (药物治疗), I was back in the stream of life again. But I 36 (leave) with a deep thought for all the people and the elderly. 37 knows how many others that lie in the hospital with nobody 38 (visit) them or give a kind word of comfort? I had this wonderful idea of forming 39 organization in cities around the world, getting to hospitals to visit the patients who never get a visit and someone local could drop 40 with a smile and a kind word. Wouldn't it be nice and relatively easy to do?
答案：
31.treatments。本空前面的minor是一个形容词，它暗示了本空应填入一个名词。Treat(治疗)的名词形式是treatment。此外，本空前面的形容词some暗示了所填的名词应用复数形式。
32. saddest。本空考查形容词的最高级形式的用法。而且前面有定冠词the提示，根据句子意思应该选择saddest。
33. Other。考查other做形容词的用法，此时，other意为“其他的，另外的”。
34. How。考查疑问词的用法。
35. nobody。根据上下文，我们可以知道，没有任何人来探望作者本人。
36. was left。be left with a thought是一个固定的搭配，意为“产生……的一个想法”。
37. Who。考查疑问词的用法。这句话是个特殊疑问句，根据句子意思可知需要选who。
38. to visit。考查with的复合结构。
39. an。本空填入一个不定冠词表示泛指。
40. in / by / round。本空考查短语drop in / by / round的用法，其意思为：顺便访问，顺便进入。
3.阅读理解（每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：424完成时间：8分钟难度：***
Healthy relationships are fun and make you feel good about yourself. The relationships that you make in your teenage years will be a special pan of your life. They will teach you some of the most important lessons about who you are. This may help you understand different kinds of relationships, what makes each relationship special, and how to communicate in a positive way.
What makes a relationship healthy?
Communication and Sharing: The most important part of any healthy relationship between two people is being able to talk and listen to each other. You and the other person can find out what your common interests are. You can share your feelings with the other person and trust that he or she will be there to listen to you and support you. In healthy relationships, people don't lie. Communication is based on honesty and trust. By listening carefully and sharing your thoughts and feelings with other people, you show them that they play an important part in your life.
Respect and Trust: In healthy relationships, you learn to respect and trust important people in your life. Disagreements may still happen, but you learn to stay calm and talk about how you feel. Talking calmly helps you to understand the real reason for not getting along. It makes it much easier to figure out how to fix it. In healthy relationships, working through disagreements often makes the relationship stronger. In healthy relationships, people respect each other for who they are. This includes respecting and listening to yourself and your feelings so you can set boundaries and feel comfortable. You will fred that you learn to understand experiences and feelings of others as well as having them understand your experiences and feelings.
How do I know that I have a healthy relationship with someone？
You know that you are in a healthy relationship with someone because you feel good about yourself when you are around that person. Unhealthy relationships can make you feel sad, angry, scared, or worried.
Healthy peer relationships involve an equal amount of giving and taking in the relationship. In unhealthy relationships, there is an unfair balance. You may often feel that you are giving the other person more attention than that he or she gives to you.
You should feel safe around the other person and feel that you can trust him or her with your secrets. In a healthy relationship, you like to spend time with the other person, instead of feeling that you have to spend time with him or her.
41. The lessons you learn about the relationships in your teenage years may help you understand the following EXCEPT _________.
A. different kinds of relationships
B. different kinds of people and occasions
C. how to communicate in a positive way
D. what makes each relationship special
42. To have a healthy relationship, you shouldn't _________.
A. talk and listen to each other
B. have common interests
C. disagree and quarrel with each other
D. take as much as you give
43. When disagreements happen, you learn to stay calm because __________.
A. talking calmly helps you to understand the real reason for not getting along
B. talking calmly makes it much easier to figure out how to fix them
C. working through disagreements often makes the relationship stronger
D. all of the above
44. Which of the following relationships is healthy?
A. You feel upset when you are around someone.
B. You like to talk to someone and listen to him or her.
C. Giving without taking.
D. You feel that you have to spend time with him or her.
45. The passage implies that __________.
A. it's easy to establish a good relationship with someone
B. you don't need to give anything to make relationships healthy
C. healthy relationships need money, time, energy and care
D. mutual respect and trust lead to strong relationships
答案：
41．B．细节判断题。由第一段最后一句可知。
42．C细节理解题。从第三段第五句可知。
43．D．细节推断题。从第三段第二、三句可知：
44．B．细节理解题。从最后一段可知。
45．D．综合推理题。由全文可知。
4.读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Hi, I am Jane. I like the book named The Story of My Life by Helen Keller, which is the most influential book in my life. It is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout. Helen Keller was once in deep despair in her childhood, but finally she decided to overcome her physical defects and live happily. Furthermore, she showed great patience in her long and hard learning period. I have learned, above all, three lessons from her story. First, she taught me that often the road to success is to face hardships bravely. Maybe you are born under a star yet you can stand a better chance than others. It is therefore important that you screw up your courage when courage is needed. Second, the destruction of part of her senses did not prevent her from learning: on the contrary, she had made continual efforts to go deeper into the realm of knowledge, and her perseverance had thus helped her overcome many handicaps. Third, she advised that we should make the most of our sense-organs as if we would lose them soon because in this way we would observe the world more carefully than ever before.
The book is inspiring in that it is one brimming over with the unbending will of a gallant woman set with seemingly insurmountable (adj.不可克服的) difficulties. I hope I can be as courageous as she.
[写作内容]
你的英语老师在上英语口语课时，要求同学们每人就“影响我一生的一本书”的话题进行讨论，你参加讨论。听完Jane的发言之后，请你以“The Most Influential Book in My Life”为题，准备一份发言稿。内容包括以下内容：
1．以约30个词概括Jane的发言要点；
2．然后以约120个词谈谈影响你的一生的某一本书，内容包括：
1)这本书令你印象最深的是什么? 2)这本书如何影响你的人生? 3)你的感想。
[写作要求]
1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
[写作辅导]
1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：印象impression，影响affect／have influence on sth．／have an effect on sth．
2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：I like the book named The Story of My Life by Helen Keller,
which is the most influential book in my life./The book is inspiring.../It is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout./I hope I can be as courageous as she.
3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章是谈谈影响你的一生的某一本书，属于评论性文字和结论性的观点，故用一般现在时或一般将来时态较为合理。
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[答案]
The Most Influential Book in My Life
Jane gives us the outline of the book, The Story of My Life by Helen Keller. The book is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout, which affects Jane's life most influentially, and she expects herself to be courageous as Helen Keller.
Books really have good or bad influence on one's growth. To me, the book named Monkey King by Wu Chengen is the most influential book in my life. The Monkey King, Sun Wukong, had a bitter experience of helping his master overcome a great many difficulties in order to get good results. In fact, Failure is a common thing in life. But there are different attitudes towards failure. Years ago, I had a bad attitude towards my failure. However, I have had a good attitude towards failure since I read the book. Now, I don't mind failure because it isn't indeed a bad matter, which tells us how to approach our goal. Whenever I am faced with great difficulties, I never say easily, "I will give up!"
Good books are both important and beneficial to the character development and personal growth of the young people. This is what I have got from my experience.
