1.consist of 【课文原句】
consist of 表示“（整体）由（不同成分或部件）组成或构成；包括。”不用于进行时态和被动语态。
联合国包括大不列颠和北爱尔兰。The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain.
知识链接：1）make up 也可以表示“组成=（form）”，强调分散的个体组成整体，既可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态；不用于进行时态。
该学习小组由十名学生组成。
The study group is made up of ten students.=The study group consists of ten students.=Ten students make up the study group.=Ten students form the study group.
2)consist in 存在于，在于 consist with 和……一致
活学活用：It is reported that the Group of Eight the eight richest counties in the world.
A. is consisted of B. consists of C. is made up D. consists in
2. divide …into 【课文原句】
divide …into把……分成 被动式为 be divided into
这些白线把赛区分成各个部分。The white lines divide the playing area into sections.
/The playing area is divided into sections by the white lines.
知识链接：divide sth. between (among )sb.在……中分配某物 divide A from B将A和B分开
1）他们分了那笔钱。They divided the money between(among) themselves.
2）英吉利海峡把英法两国分割开来。The English Channel divides England from France.
易混变析：divide…into / separate…from
二者都有“分隔”的意思，但用法有别：
divide …into把整体分成若干部分，即破坏原有的整体性。
separate…from 把原来连在一起或靠近的人或事物分割开，个体没有遭到破坏。
1）你如何把这段线分成二十段？How do you divide the line into 20 pieces?
2）一道篱笆把我家和他家分搁开了。A fence separates my house from his.
3．clarify 【课文原句】
clarify vt. 澄清；阐明
1）我希望我说的话能阐明这一情况。I hope that what I say will clarify the situation.
2）他澄清了他在该问题上的立场。He clarified his stand on the issue.
知识链接：clarification n. 澄清，净化 clarify one’s stand/ position阐明某人的立场
活学活用：You should the facts related to this problem, which can make others know you are innocent. A. clarify B judge C. explain D. express
4．accomplish【课文原句】
accomplish vt.完成；实现；达到
1）你们必须在规定的时间完成这项任务。You should accomplish the task within the time allowed.
2）他是一个不会有任何成就的人。He is a man who will accomplish anything.
知识链接：accomplishment n.完成；成就；成绩 accomplished adj. 熟练的
accomplish one’s purpose/aim 达到目的 accomplish a task完成任务
5．break away 【课文原句】
break away (from) 摆脱（束缚），脱离；革除（习惯、思想方式、信仰等）
1）有一个省脱离了旧政府而另组新政府。A province has broken away to form a new state.
2）囚犯挣脱看守者逃跑了。The prisoner broke away from his guards.
3）你必须革除这样的坏习惯。You must break away from such bad habits.
知识链接：break out of 逃离；摆脱 break off中断谈话；停顿 break in闯入；插话；打断 break through突破；打破 break up 粉碎；破碎；结束 break up with sb. 与某人断交
break out （战争、火灾等）突然爆发 break into破门而入；突然开始（笑、唱等）
活学活用：At last the mad woman seemed to be controlled. Suddenly she her husband and ran to the well.
A. broke away from B. broke into C. broke up D. broke through
6.to sb.’s credit 【课文原句】
to sb.’s credit 为某人争光；值得赞扬
1）杰克对所发生的事守口如瓶，值得赞扬。To his credit, Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.
2）你们克服了这样大的困难值得大大赞扬。It is greatly to your credit that you have overcome such difficulties.
credit n.信任;学分；赞扬；信贷
1）你相信政府的说法吗？Do you place any credit in the government’s story?
2）银行拒绝再给那家公司提供贷款。The bank refused credit to the company.
知识链接：credible adj. 可信的 creditor n. 债权人
7．convenience 【课文原句】
convenience n.方便；便利
常见结构：for convenience 为了方便起见 at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
1.)为了方便起见我们买了这座房子，它靠近火车站。We bought this house for convenience; it’s near the shops and the railway station.
2.)欢迎您在方便的时候给予面谈的机会。I should welcome a personal interview at your convenience,
知识链接：convenient adj. 方便的（主语不能是人）
be convenient for sb. 对某人来说很方便
It is convenient for sb. to do sth.某人方便做某事
活学活用：1）I’m trying to break the of getting up too late.
A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure
2) Would it be for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?
A.free B. vacant C. handy D. convenient
8. attract 【课文原句】
attract vt. 吸引，引起……的注意；具有吸引力
常见结构：attract sb’s attention/attract the attention of sb.吸引某人的注意
attract sb. to sth吸引某人关注某事
1）那只熊猫吸引了不少孩子。The panda attracted many children.
2）她试图引起服务员的注意。She tried to attract the attention of the waiter.
知识链接：attraction n.吸引；吸引力；吸引人的事物 a tourist attraction 旅游景点；旅游胜地
活学活用：The company is starting a new advertising campaign to new customers to its stores.
A.join B. attract C.stick D.transfer
9.leave out 【课文原句】
leave out 省略；遗漏；不考虑，忽视
1）他们决定把这一章节从那本书中删掉。They decided to leave the chapter out of the book altogether.
2）她感到受到了冷落，因为其他孩子都不和她玩。She felt left out because the other children didn’t play with her.
知识链接：leave behind 遗留；超过 leave for 动身（去某处） leave off停止（做某事）
leave aside 搁置一边；忽视 leave alone不管；撇下……一人
活学活用：The teacher stressed again that the students should not any important details while retelling the story.A. bring out B. let out C. leave out D. make out
Unit 2 Grammar
过去分词作宾语补足语
英语中，过去分词可以用作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都来自及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：
She found the door broken in when she came back.她回来时发现有人破门而入。
此句中过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语door之间具有被动关系，表示一种状态。再如：
My grandfather had his old house rebuilt.我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。
为了使同学们对过去分词作宾语补足语的用法有一个系统而又具体的认识，本文从几个模式上加以概括，以利于大家掌握。
一、过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。如：
They kept the door locked for a long time.他们把门锁了好长一段时间。
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.不要让窗户一直像这样破着。
二、过去分词用在使役动词have,make的后面。
1.注意"have＋宾语＋过去分词"的两种用法：
A)表示"让某人做某事"。如：
I have had my bike repaired.我让人修了修我的自行车。
The villagers had many trees planted just then.就在那时，村民们叫人种了许多树。
B)表示"遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击"等。如：
My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月，我姐姐的钱包在汽车上被偷了。
The old man had his wrist broken in theacccident.这位老人在事故中腕部摔坏了。
2."make＋宾语＋过去分词"，在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：
I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高了嗓门以便于被人家听到。
They managed to make themselves under- stood using very simple English.他们用了很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to,feel,find等的后面。如：
When we got to school,we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。
四、过去分词用在want,wish,like,expect,order等表示"希望，愿望，命令"这一类动词后面作宾语补足语。如：
The teacher wouldn't like the problem dis- cussed at the moment.老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。
I want the suit made to his own measure.我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。
My parents expected me to be well-prepared for the entrance examination.我父母希望我好好准备入学考试。
五、过去分词用在"with＋宾语＋宾补"这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了，双手被绑在后面。
With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building，his house looks like a beautiful garden.周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园。
［实践演练］
1.The manager discusssed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out
2.Mr.Brown was very disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ______ went wrong again. A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired
3.In the past few years,we have had thousands of trees ______ around our school.
A.plant B.planted C.planting D.being planted
4.Is this the recorder you want ______?
A.to have repaired B.to repair it C.to have it repaired D.it repaired
5.She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.
A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking
6.The result of the entrance exams was not made ______ to the public until last Thursday.
A.knowing B.known C.to know D.to be known
7.He found them ______ at a table ______ .
A.sat;to play chess B.sitting;to play chess C.seated;playing chess D.seat;play the chess
8.I can make you ______ what I say,but you can't make yourself ______ in English.
A.understand;understand B.understand;understood C.to understand;understand D.understand;to be understood
9.The girl asked him not to leave the door ______ .
A.to close B.closed C.to be closed D.closing
10.I have often heard the"ABC Song" ______，but I have never heard Alice ______ it.
A.to be sung;to sing B.being sung;sang C.sung;sing D.sang;singing
11.John rushed out in a hurry，______ the door ______ .
A.leaving;unlocked B.leaving;unlocking C.left;unlocked D.to leave;unlocking
12.Before she came to England,she had never heard a single English word ______ .
A.speaking B.spoken C.to speak D.speak
13. ______ poor at English,I'm afraid I can't make myself ______ .
A.To be;understand B.I'm;to understand C.Being;understandingD.Being;understood
14.I have had my bike ______,and I'm going to have somebody ______ my radio tomorrow.
A.repair;to repair B.repairing;to be repaired C.repaired;repair D.to repair;repairing
15.You must get the work ______ before Friday.
A.do B.to do C.doing D.done
16. ______ the room,the nurse found the tape-recorder ______ .
A.Entering;stealing B.Entering;gone C.To have entered;being stolen
D.Having entered;to be stolen
17.When his wife returned,the husband noticed her hair ______ short.
A.cutting B.to be cut C.being cut D.cut
18.The student are told to have their homework ______ in before tomorrow afternoon.
A.hand B.to hand C.handed D.handing
19.We are pleased to see the problem ______ so quickly.
A.settled B.having been settled C.be settled D.settling
20.The ______ professor found the matter ______ .
consist of 表示“（整体）由（不同成分或部件）组成或构成；包括。”不用于进行时态和被动语态。
联合国包括大不列颠和北爱尔兰。The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain.
知识链接：1）make up 也可以表示“组成=（form）”，强调分散的个体组成整体，既可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态；不用于进行时态。
该学习小组由十名学生组成。
The study group is made up of ten students.=The study group consists of ten students.=Ten students make up the study group.=Ten students form the study group.
2)consist in 存在于，在于 consist with 和……一致
活学活用：It is reported that the Group of Eight the eight richest counties in the world.
A. is consisted of B. consists of C. is made up D. consists in
2. divide …into 【课文原句】
divide …into把……分成 被动式为 be divided into
这些白线把赛区分成各个部分。The white lines divide the playing area into sections.
/The playing area is divided into sections by the white lines.
知识链接：divide sth. between (among )sb.在……中分配某物 divide A from B将A和B分开
1）他们分了那笔钱。They divided the money between(among) themselves.
2）英吉利海峡把英法两国分割开来。The English Channel divides England from France.
易混变析：divide…into / separate…from
二者都有“分隔”的意思，但用法有别：
divide …into把整体分成若干部分，即破坏原有的整体性。
separate…from 把原来连在一起或靠近的人或事物分割开，个体没有遭到破坏。
1）你如何把这段线分成二十段？How do you divide the line into 20 pieces?
2）一道篱笆把我家和他家分搁开了。A fence separates my house from his.
3．clarify 【课文原句】
clarify vt. 澄清；阐明
1）我希望我说的话能阐明这一情况。I hope that what I say will clarify the situation.
2）他澄清了他在该问题上的立场。He clarified his stand on the issue.
知识链接：clarification n. 澄清，净化 clarify one’s stand/ position阐明某人的立场
活学活用：You should the facts related to this problem, which can make others know you are innocent. A. clarify B judge C. explain D. express
4．accomplish【课文原句】
accomplish vt.完成；实现；达到
1）你们必须在规定的时间完成这项任务。You should accomplish the task within the time allowed.
2）他是一个不会有任何成就的人。He is a man who will accomplish anything.
知识链接：accomplishment n.完成；成就；成绩 accomplished adj. 熟练的
accomplish one’s purpose/aim 达到目的 accomplish a task完成任务
5．break away 【课文原句】
break away (from) 摆脱（束缚），脱离；革除（习惯、思想方式、信仰等）
1）有一个省脱离了旧政府而另组新政府。A province has broken away to form a new state.
2）囚犯挣脱看守者逃跑了。The prisoner broke away from his guards.
3）你必须革除这样的坏习惯。You must break away from such bad habits.
知识链接：break out of 逃离；摆脱 break off中断谈话；停顿 break in闯入；插话；打断 break through突破；打破 break up 粉碎；破碎；结束 break up with sb. 与某人断交
break out （战争、火灾等）突然爆发 break into破门而入；突然开始（笑、唱等）
活学活用：At last the mad woman seemed to be controlled. Suddenly she her husband and ran to the well.
A. broke away from B. broke into C. broke up D. broke through
6.to sb.’s credit 【课文原句】
to sb.’s credit 为某人争光；值得赞扬
1）杰克对所发生的事守口如瓶，值得赞扬。To his credit, Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.
2）你们克服了这样大的困难值得大大赞扬。It is greatly to your credit that you have overcome such difficulties.
credit n.信任;学分；赞扬；信贷
1）你相信政府的说法吗？Do you place any credit in the government’s story?
2）银行拒绝再给那家公司提供贷款。The bank refused credit to the company.
知识链接：credible adj. 可信的 creditor n. 债权人
7．convenience 【课文原句】
convenience n.方便；便利
常见结构：for convenience 为了方便起见 at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
1.)为了方便起见我们买了这座房子，它靠近火车站。We bought this house for convenience; it’s near the shops and the railway station.
2.)欢迎您在方便的时候给予面谈的机会。I should welcome a personal interview at your convenience,
知识链接：convenient adj. 方便的（主语不能是人）
be convenient for sb. 对某人来说很方便
It is convenient for sb. to do sth.某人方便做某事
活学活用：1）I’m trying to break the of getting up too late.
A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure
2) Would it be for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?
A.free B. vacant C. handy D. convenient
8. attract 【课文原句】
attract vt. 吸引，引起……的注意；具有吸引力
常见结构：attract sb’s attention/attract the attention of sb.吸引某人的注意
attract sb. to sth吸引某人关注某事
1）那只熊猫吸引了不少孩子。The panda attracted many children.
2）她试图引起服务员的注意。She tried to attract the attention of the waiter.
知识链接：attraction n.吸引；吸引力；吸引人的事物 a tourist attraction 旅游景点；旅游胜地
活学活用：The company is starting a new advertising campaign to new customers to its stores.
A.join B. attract C.stick D.transfer
9.leave out 【课文原句】
leave out 省略；遗漏；不考虑，忽视
1）他们决定把这一章节从那本书中删掉。They decided to leave the chapter out of the book altogether.
2）她感到受到了冷落，因为其他孩子都不和她玩。She felt left out because the other children didn’t play with her.
知识链接：leave behind 遗留；超过 leave for 动身（去某处） leave off停止（做某事）
leave aside 搁置一边；忽视 leave alone不管；撇下……一人
活学活用：The teacher stressed again that the students should not any important details while retelling the story.A. bring out B. let out C. leave out D. make out
Unit 2 Grammar
过去分词作宾语补足语
英语中，过去分词可以用作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都来自及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：
She found the door broken in when she came back.她回来时发现有人破门而入。
此句中过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语door之间具有被动关系，表示一种状态。再如：
My grandfather had his old house rebuilt.我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。
为了使同学们对过去分词作宾语补足语的用法有一个系统而又具体的认识，本文从几个模式上加以概括，以利于大家掌握。
一、过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。如：
They kept the door locked for a long time.他们把门锁了好长一段时间。
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.不要让窗户一直像这样破着。
二、过去分词用在使役动词have,make的后面。
1.注意"have＋宾语＋过去分词"的两种用法：
A)表示"让某人做某事"。如：
I have had my bike repaired.我让人修了修我的自行车。
The villagers had many trees planted just then.就在那时，村民们叫人种了许多树。
B)表示"遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击"等。如：
My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月，我姐姐的钱包在汽车上被偷了。
The old man had his wrist broken in theacccident.这位老人在事故中腕部摔坏了。
2."make＋宾语＋过去分词"，在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：
I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高了嗓门以便于被人家听到。
They managed to make themselves under- stood using very simple English.他们用了很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to,feel,find等的后面。如：
When we got to school,we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。
四、过去分词用在want,wish,like,expect,order等表示"希望，愿望，命令"这一类动词后面作宾语补足语。如：
The teacher wouldn't like the problem dis- cussed at the moment.老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。
I want the suit made to his own measure.我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。
My parents expected me to be well-prepared for the entrance examination.我父母希望我好好准备入学考试。
五、过去分词用在"with＋宾语＋宾补"这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了，双手被绑在后面。
With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building，his house looks like a beautiful garden.周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园。
［实践演练］
1.The manager discusssed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out
2.Mr.Brown was very disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ______ went wrong again. A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired
3.In the past few years,we have had thousands of trees ______ around our school.
A.plant B.planted C.planting D.being planted
4.Is this the recorder you want ______?
A.to have repaired B.to repair it C.to have it repaired D.it repaired
5.She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.
A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking
6.The result of the entrance exams was not made ______ to the public until last Thursday.
A.knowing B.known C.to know D.to be known
7.He found them ______ at a table ______ .
A.sat;to play chess B.sitting;to play chess C.seated;playing chess D.seat;play the chess
8.I can make you ______ what I say,but you can't make yourself ______ in English.
A.understand;understand B.understand;understood C.to understand;understand D.understand;to be understood
9.The girl asked him not to leave the door ______ .
A.to close B.closed C.to be closed D.closing
10.I have often heard the"ABC Song" ______，but I have never heard Alice ______ it.
A.to be sung;to sing B.being sung;sang C.sung;sing D.sang;singing
11.John rushed out in a hurry，______ the door ______ .
A.leaving;unlocked B.leaving;unlocking C.left;unlocked D.to leave;unlocking
12.Before she came to England,she had never heard a single English word ______ .
A.speaking B.spoken C.to speak D.speak
13. ______ poor at English,I'm afraid I can't make myself ______ .
A.To be;understand B.I'm;to understand C.Being;understandingD.Being;understood
14.I have had my bike ______,and I'm going to have somebody ______ my radio tomorrow.
A.repair;to repair B.repairing;to be repaired C.repaired;repair D.to repair;repairing
15.You must get the work ______ before Friday.
A.do B.to do C.doing D.done
16. ______ the room,the nurse found the tape-recorder ______ .
A.Entering;stealing B.Entering;gone C.To have entered;being stolen
D.Having entered;to be stolen
17.When his wife returned,the husband noticed her hair ______ short.
A.cutting B.to be cut C.being cut D.cut
18.The student are told to have their homework ______ in before tomorrow afternoon.
A.hand B.to hand C.handed D.handing
19.We are pleased to see the problem ______ so quickly.
A.settled B.having been settled C.be settled D.settling
20.The ______ professor found the matter ______ .
