The Dream Keeper教案
2011-2012学年高一英语必修1（冀教版）素材（含教案和练习）
Unit 5 LeteratureThe Dream Keeper（2）
一. 内容：
Unit 5 （II）
情态动词
1. 情态动词的语法特征
1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。
2. 比较can 和be able to
1）can/could 表示能力；可能 （过去时用could），只用于现在时和过去时（could）。be able to可以用于各种时态。例如：
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to的情况：
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。
注意：could有时不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：
?Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗？
?Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。
2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：
He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。
3. 比较may和might
1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：
May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！
He might be at home. 他可能在家。
注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may 小。
2）成语：may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为“不妨”。例如：
If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况确实如此，我们不妨试一试。
典型例题：
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may。此句意可从后半句推出。
4. 比较have to和must
1）两词都是“必须”的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。例如：
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2）have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如：
He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。
3）否定结构中：don't have to表示“不必”，mustn't表示“禁止”。例如：
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你不得把这件事告诉他。
5. must表示推测
1）must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。
2）must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。例如：
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.
你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：He must be staying there. 他现在肯定在那里。
He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。
3）must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。例如：
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.
我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4）must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。例如：
?Why didn't you answer my phone call? 为何不接我的电话？
?Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
唉，肯定在睡觉，所以没有听见。
5）否定推测用can't。例如：
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.
如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
6. 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形，表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。例如：
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
我不知道她在哪儿，可能在武汉。
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。例如：
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时，想必我们老师正在批改试卷。
3）情态动词+动词完成时，表示对过去情况的推测。例如：
The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时，表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。例如：
Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。例如：
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。
7. 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1）may（might） have + done sth, can （could） have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。例如：
Philip may （might） have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 菲力浦可能在车祸中受了重伤。
Philip can （could） have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2）must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”，“谅必”的意思。例如：
?Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. 琳达已经去上班了，但她的单车还在这儿。
?She must have gone by bus. 她肯定乘巴士去的。
3）ought to have done sth, should have done sth表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。例如：
You ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment. 你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.他不该把旧衣服扔了。（事实上已扔了。）
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4）needn't have done sth表示本没必要做某事，但做了。例如：
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
旅行时，我衣服穿得较多，其实没有必要。那时天很热。
5）would like to have done sth表示本打算做某事，但没做。例如：
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我想读这篇文章，但太忙了，一直没读。
8. should 和ought to
除了上述的用法，两者还可表示“想必一定，按理应该”的意思。例如：
I ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水，想必也能维持了。
It ought to be ready now. 想必现在准备好了吧。
They should be there by now, I think. 现在他们该到那儿了。
The poems should be out in a month at most. 诗集估计最多还有一个月就要出版了。
9. had better表示“最好”，相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。例如：
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。
She'd better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那条狗。
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为“本来最好”。例如：
You had better have come earlier. 你本该来得早一点。
10. would rather表示“宁愿”
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿……而不愿
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。例如：
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
如果有选择的余地，我宁可辍学离开这个学校。
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.
我宁愿呆在这儿，而不愿回家。
典型例题：
?Shall we go skating or stay at home?
?Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为“宁愿”，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。
11. will和would
注意：1）would like；would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。例如：
Would you like to go with me? 想和我一块去吗？
2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。例如：
Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吧。
3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down? 你不坐下吗？
【模拟试题】（答题时间：65分钟）
（A）单项填空
1. Whether he has gone away alone ________ us.
A. surprised B. puzzled C. pleased D. disappointed
2. The car is too expensive for ________ family.
A. a usual B. an average C. a normal D. a rich
3. I sent e-mails to John and Mary, but ________ of them answered me.
A. neither B. either C. none D. any
4. Parents being too busy now, I go to see my grandparents ________.
A. every a few day B. every other days
C. every third days D. every three days
5. You're so ________; I don't know why you are so absent-minded.
A. puzzled B. puzzling C. to puzzle D. being puzzled
6. The _________ age of the boy dancers in the performance is 10.
A. ordinary B. popular C. normal D. average
7. ?Mum! Don't you think me __________ to go to school?
?________ You'd better stay in bed for another two days.
A. well enough; No B. enough well; Yes
C. well enough; Yes D. strong enough; Sure
8. Which of these bananas do you want, this one or that one?
I want __________ them, they aren't ripe , yet.
A. neither from B. either of C. neither of D. either from
9. She __________ the advantages, but she didn't know how to make use of them.
A. was aware of B. was sure of C. was afraid of D. was tired of
10. ?Would you like black or white coffee?
?_________, please. I really don't mind.
A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither
11. The police came to the __________ in time. All the injured were sent to the hospital.
A. act B. scene C. stage D. road
12. It is beyond my _________ to help you. I don't know much French.
A. power B. strength C. idea D. force
13. ?When do you think I should come for my new dress, sir?
?Come on Thursday or Wednesday. __________ day is OK.
A. Neither B. Either C. Every D. Any
14. Not __________ present understood what the reporter said.
A. most B. all C. some D. both
15. It is a pleasure for me to __________ the party. You're welcome to my home.
A. be hold B. take place C. have D. host
16. I don't like __________ big cities as Beijing and Shanghai.
A. so B. as C. same D. such
17. ?It is said that he has delayed the visit to Paris, __________?
?Yes, ________.
A. is it; it is B. hasn’t he; isn’t it
C. isn't it; he has D. hasn't he; it is
18. The climb was even harder; one of my classmates had his leg broken, worse still __________ of us knew where we could find a doctor.
A. none B. both C. no one D. some
19. What do you consider ever _________ to her?
A. to happen B. happening C. happened D. happen
20. ?Would you mind if I borrowed your new car?
?Yes, I'd like to lend you __________ but it.
A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something
（B）情景交际练习
1. ?For anything you don't know, please consult Professor Zhang. ?________?
A. Does he have an encyclopedia B. Is he a walking encyclopedia
C. Is he selling an encyclopedia D. Is he a living encyclopedia
2. ?Mr. Rich is determined to become a millionaire.
?Sure, he is. He is______ money.
A. wrapped up in B. is busy with
C. never cares about D. everything but
3. ?This cloth feels good.
?Yes, it does. It feels _________ silk but in fact it isn't.
A. something like B. anything like C. very like D. some how like
4. ?__________, but I have a question to ask.
?Please go ahead.
A. I hate to interrupt B. I have to interrupt
C. Thank you D. Forgive me
5. ?What would it be like for me to move to Canada?
?That's hard to say. But ____you will experience a cultural shock.
A. nothing is for sure B. as a matter of fact
C. one thing is for sure D. to tell you the truth
（C）完形填空
During spring break from a local college, my friend and I went downtown to shop. First, however, we 1 ourselves quite differently so that our friends might not recognize us. Our clothing was not fit 2 the weather, clean but not ironed, clearly not the styles 3 by most visitors to the area. Both of us were slightly 4 . The aim was to look like street people and to observe what difference that made in the way other people respond to us 5 the appearance of poverty （贫困）would invite prejudice （偏见）on us.
Our first stop was in the bargain store（打折商店）, where we politely asked to 6 the bathroom and were refused. Next we entered the lobby（大厅） of a large hotel, 7 we asked for a coffee shop and a bathroom. The door man said, “You must go to the twentieth floor.” We weren't up trying out, so we wandered around the first floor and 8 From 9 we went to a second-hand shop, where we more or less blended（混合）with the 10 , and then on to the upper-scale （上等阶层） 11 and coffee shops during the lunch hour.
It was prejudice time. Some of the children we 12 stared, pointed, and laughed; 13 gave us long, doubting looks. Clerks in stores followed us to 14 every move. In a lunchroom a second assistant 15 to the side of the cashier（出纳员）, where they took $ 2 check without asking for ID; it seemed worth that price to have us 16 of the door. At one doorway a clerk physically blocked the way to prevent us from 17 .
We had money to buy something small, and we did nothing in 18 of these places to draw attention to ourselves; we merely 19 quietly in our usual manner. Elsewhere we encountered ribbing（取笑）, imitating（模仿）, lack of trust, and rude stares（粗鲁的眼神）.
So what did we learn? Mostly 20 we expected, what everybody knows: people judge by appearances.
1. A. put B. carried C. held D. dressed
2. A. for B. to C. in D. at
3. A. carried B. worn C. used D. taken
4. A. untidy B. tired C. excited D. sad
5. A. that B. which C. whether D. it
6. A. clean B. see C. enter D. check
7. A. which B. where C. in that D. when
8. A. left B. went C. entered D. took away
9. A. which B. that C. there D. then on
10. A. customers B. foreigners C. students D. shop assistants
11. A. people B. stores C. floors D. cases
12. A. encountered B. taught C. faced D. talked
13. A. old people B. adults C. young people D. students
14. A. see B. look at C. watch D. notice
15. A. hurried B. stopped C. waved D. stayed
16. A. out B. at C. in D. away
17. A. walking B. entering C. sitting D. going
18. A. which B. one C. any D. anything
19. A. talked B. laughed C. worked D. shopped
20. A. that B. which C. those D. what
（D）阅读理解
If a person tells you that something is “the real McCoy”, he is telling you it is the real thing, not a copy. It is the best that can be found.
There are different ideas on how the expression came into use. Perhaps the most popular one is about a famous boxer, Charles Kids McCoy, a one-time famous boxing champion. One day, McCoy was having a drink in a bar with a lady friend. A man came up and began to talk to him. He was not a nice man.
McCoy wanted no trouble. He asked the man to leave. He said, “I'm Kid McCoy.” McCoy thought his name was so famous that there was no need to say more. But the man did not believe him. “Oh, yeah?” he said. “Well, if you are Kid McCoy, then I am George Washington!” And he continued to speak to the prize-fighter's friend in an unpleasant way.
McCoy hit the man with fist (拳)??not hard??actually it was really a light touch. But the man fell to the ground, unconscious (无意识). Ten minutes later, when he came to himself, he called out, “That was the real McCoy!” And that was how the expression got started.
There are other stories, however. One is that the expression goes back to the days of prohibition (禁止) when it was against the law in the United States to sell Whiskey. Although Whiskey was against the law, many sold it. And many were not afraid to sell bad whiskey, because there was so little that anybody could do about it. Buying whiskey, good or bad, was as illegal as selling it.
But there was one whiskey dealer who was honest. His name was McCoy. He refused to sell bad whiskey. His product became known as the best. It was called “the real McCoy”.
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. It is about the exact meaning of the saying.
B. It tells how a person gets his name.
C. It shows how to tell the real from the false.
D. It explains how to find the best.
2. Which of the following is TRUE about the days of prohibition?
A. Bad whiskey was not allowed to be sold.
B. People at that time preferred nothing but whiskey.
C. A national law forbade the sale of alcoholic drinks.
D. The days of prohibition caused McCoy's selling wine.
3. In the third paragraph, “the prize-fighter” refers to _________.
A. a champion B. a fellow C. McCoy D. George Washington
4. How many stories are mentioned about McCoy in the passage?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
5. Which of the following best summarizes the whole passage?
A. The story of a well-known boxer.
B. The expression and its story.
C. The friendship between a sportsman and a seller.
D. The general use of the expression.
（E）深层理解
Story of Words
1. From the text we learn that _______________.
A. Sandwich was born of a noble family
B. the word panic was named after the ancient Greek God, Pan
C. good-bye is a compound word
D. music fans were palm fans used to cool themselves by devotees while listening to music
2. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
A. Language is for ideas and communication.
B. No dictionary can cover all the modern words in our society.
C. Many computer words came into being at the end of 20th century.
D. Shakespeare would never fail to find himself puzzled at many unfamiliar words if he picked up a copy of a newspaper today to read.
（F）写作训练
单句改错
1. If you dig deeply into a word and know its root, and you will understand its origin.
2. Paul's brother sometimes acted as a little girl and people treated him as a child.
3. They decided to have a three-day stopover in the way to Hong Kong.
4. He looked in here and there like he was searching for something.
5. I looked at the little girl who was giving me the prettiest, biggest smile I have never seen.
6. I don't know which of the two books is the better. I shall read them all.
7. He first came to London and then to New York, but he didn't like neither of the cities very much.
8. In learning vocabulary, you can detect the meaning by finding the root word containing in the larger word.
9. The young scientist encountered with many difficulties during his visit to the world's far northern countries but failed.
10. They tried to seek clues of the unknown mystery.
复述课文
Reading 1
Shan Shan’s father is an _____1 He sends home _______2 of the different places where he stops over. He also likes to collect new words wherever he goes. Whenever he hears an interesting expression, he acts like _______3. Once he was _______4 from Moscow to Montreal. To help his daughter with her school assignment, he sent postcards home, which had pictures of the Russian places as well as his description of _______5 Shan Shan felt pleased to receive his father's postcards. The postcards would help her to write the report on how to _______6 in cold places, which had been assigned by her geography teacher. She saw the pictures of _______7 , .art treasures from famous Russian museums and sunsets on _______8 . She also learned about the places in the northern world where the lowest temperatures _______9. After she got to know what the word sundog meant, she _______10 it, feeling that she was learning a new language.
Reading 2
Words have roots, just like trees and flowers. Knowing the roots of a word helps to 1 . Those who read in a second language should use what is known to help understand the meaning of a new and difficult word, just like a good detective. Suffixes and prefixes help one with his 2 , but. 3 are the most important. It's best to detect the word's meaning by finding the root word contained. For example, if you know the root word alter maiming other , you will have some idea that the bigger word alternative 4 with the meaning other. It's the same thing with the words “ego” and “ egoist” ,the first of which is the root word.
Strategies need to be employed in learning a language. To apply the “roots for words” skills，one needs to 5 .
书面表达
许多人喜欢坐飞机出行，可是你却不这样认为。请你写一篇120词左右的议论文，阐述你的理由。
提示如下：
1. 乘飞机价格昂贵；
2. 登机手续(procedure)繁杂，花费时间太长；
3. 短途旅行坐飞机不方便；
4. 坐飞机出行受天气制约，一旦飞机失事(crash)，后果不堪设想。
【试题答案】
单项填空 1?5 BBADB 6?10 DACAC 11?15 BABBD 16?20 DCACB
情景交际 1?5 BAAAC
完形填空 1?5 DABAC 6?10 CBACA 11?15 BABCA 16?20 ABCDD
阅读理解 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.B
深层理解 1. A 2. D
单句改错
1. deeply改为deep 2. 第一个as改为like
3. in改为on 4. 去掉in
5. never改为ever 6. all改为both
7. 去掉didn’t或将neither改为 either
8. containing改为contained
9. 去掉with 10. of改为 to
Reading 1
1. international pilot
2. the postcards with pictures
3. a child with a new toy
4. on a flight
5. the snowstorms and the bitter cold of the world, far northern countries
6. describe the weather
7. Russian palaces and gardens
8. the Black Sea
9. were recorded
10. laughed at
Reading 2
1. understand its origin 2. word building power 3. root words
4. has something to do 5. learn as many root words as possible
书面表达
2011-2012学年高一英语必修1（冀教版）素材（含教案和练习）
Unit 5 LeteratureThe Dream Keeper（2）
一. 内容：
Unit 5 （II）
情态动词
1. 情态动词的语法特征
1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。
2. 比较can 和be able to
1）can/could 表示能力；可能 （过去时用could），只用于现在时和过去时（could）。be able to可以用于各种时态。例如：
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to的情况：
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。
注意：could有时不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：
?Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗？
?Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。
2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：
He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。
3. 比较may和might
1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：
May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！
He might be at home. 他可能在家。
注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may 小。
2）成语：may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为“不妨”。例如：
If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况确实如此，我们不妨试一试。
典型例题：
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may。此句意可从后半句推出。
4. 比较have to和must
1）两词都是“必须”的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。例如：
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2）have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如：
He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。
3）否定结构中：don't have to表示“不必”，mustn't表示“禁止”。例如：
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你不得把这件事告诉他。
5. must表示推测
1）must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。
2）must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。例如：
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.
你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：He must be staying there. 他现在肯定在那里。
He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。
3）must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。例如：
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.
我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4）must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。例如：
?Why didn't you answer my phone call? 为何不接我的电话？
?Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
唉，肯定在睡觉，所以没有听见。
5）否定推测用can't。例如：
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.
如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
6. 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形，表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。例如：
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
我不知道她在哪儿，可能在武汉。
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。例如：
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时，想必我们老师正在批改试卷。
3）情态动词+动词完成时，表示对过去情况的推测。例如：
The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时，表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。例如：
Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。例如：
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。
7. 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1）may（might） have + done sth, can （could） have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。例如：
Philip may （might） have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 菲力浦可能在车祸中受了重伤。
Philip can （could） have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2）must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”，“谅必”的意思。例如：
?Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. 琳达已经去上班了，但她的单车还在这儿。
?She must have gone by bus. 她肯定乘巴士去的。
3）ought to have done sth, should have done sth表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。例如：
You ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment. 你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.他不该把旧衣服扔了。（事实上已扔了。）
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4）needn't have done sth表示本没必要做某事，但做了。例如：
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
旅行时，我衣服穿得较多，其实没有必要。那时天很热。
5）would like to have done sth表示本打算做某事，但没做。例如：
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我想读这篇文章，但太忙了，一直没读。
8. should 和ought to
除了上述的用法，两者还可表示“想必一定，按理应该”的意思。例如：
I ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水，想必也能维持了。
It ought to be ready now. 想必现在准备好了吧。
They should be there by now, I think. 现在他们该到那儿了。
The poems should be out in a month at most. 诗集估计最多还有一个月就要出版了。
9. had better表示“最好”，相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。例如：
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。
She'd better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那条狗。
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为“本来最好”。例如：
You had better have come earlier. 你本该来得早一点。
10. would rather表示“宁愿”
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿……而不愿
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。例如：
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
如果有选择的余地，我宁可辍学离开这个学校。
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.
我宁愿呆在这儿，而不愿回家。
典型例题：
?Shall we go skating or stay at home?
?Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为“宁愿”，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。
11. will和would
注意：1）would like；would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。例如：
Would you like to go with me? 想和我一块去吗？
2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。例如：
Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吧。
3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down? 你不坐下吗？
【模拟试题】（答题时间：65分钟）
（A）单项填空
1. Whether he has gone away alone ________ us.
A. surprised B. puzzled C. pleased D. disappointed
2. The car is too expensive for ________ family.
A. a usual B. an average C. a normal D. a rich
3. I sent e-mails to John and Mary, but ________ of them answered me.
A. neither B. either C. none D. any
4. Parents being too busy now, I go to see my grandparents ________.
A. every a few day B. every other days
C. every third days D. every three days
5. You're so ________; I don't know why you are so absent-minded.
A. puzzled B. puzzling C. to puzzle D. being puzzled
6. The _________ age of the boy dancers in the performance is 10.
A. ordinary B. popular C. normal D. average
7. ?Mum! Don't you think me __________ to go to school?
?________ You'd better stay in bed for another two days.
A. well enough; No B. enough well; Yes
C. well enough; Yes D. strong enough; Sure
8. Which of these bananas do you want, this one or that one?
I want __________ them, they aren't ripe , yet.
A. neither from B. either of C. neither of D. either from
9. She __________ the advantages, but she didn't know how to make use of them.
A. was aware of B. was sure of C. was afraid of D. was tired of
10. ?Would you like black or white coffee?
?_________, please. I really don't mind.
A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither
11. The police came to the __________ in time. All the injured were sent to the hospital.
A. act B. scene C. stage D. road
12. It is beyond my _________ to help you. I don't know much French.
A. power B. strength C. idea D. force
13. ?When do you think I should come for my new dress, sir?
?Come on Thursday or Wednesday. __________ day is OK.
A. Neither B. Either C. Every D. Any
14. Not __________ present understood what the reporter said.
A. most B. all C. some D. both
15. It is a pleasure for me to __________ the party. You're welcome to my home.
A. be hold B. take place C. have D. host
16. I don't like __________ big cities as Beijing and Shanghai.
A. so B. as C. same D. such
17. ?It is said that he has delayed the visit to Paris, __________?
?Yes, ________.
A. is it; it is B. hasn’t he; isn’t it
C. isn't it; he has D. hasn't he; it is
18. The climb was even harder; one of my classmates had his leg broken, worse still __________ of us knew where we could find a doctor.
A. none B. both C. no one D. some
19. What do you consider ever _________ to her?
A. to happen B. happening C. happened D. happen
20. ?Would you mind if I borrowed your new car?
?Yes, I'd like to lend you __________ but it.
A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something
（B）情景交际练习
1. ?For anything you don't know, please consult Professor Zhang. ?________?
A. Does he have an encyclopedia B. Is he a walking encyclopedia
C. Is he selling an encyclopedia D. Is he a living encyclopedia
2. ?Mr. Rich is determined to become a millionaire.
?Sure, he is. He is______ money.
A. wrapped up in B. is busy with
C. never cares about D. everything but
3. ?This cloth feels good.
?Yes, it does. It feels _________ silk but in fact it isn't.
A. something like B. anything like C. very like D. some how like
4. ?__________, but I have a question to ask.
?Please go ahead.
A. I hate to interrupt B. I have to interrupt
C. Thank you D. Forgive me
5. ?What would it be like for me to move to Canada?
?That's hard to say. But ____you will experience a cultural shock.
A. nothing is for sure B. as a matter of fact
C. one thing is for sure D. to tell you the truth
（C）完形填空
During spring break from a local college, my friend and I went downtown to shop. First, however, we 1 ourselves quite differently so that our friends might not recognize us. Our clothing was not fit 2 the weather, clean but not ironed, clearly not the styles 3 by most visitors to the area. Both of us were slightly 4 . The aim was to look like street people and to observe what difference that made in the way other people respond to us 5 the appearance of poverty （贫困）would invite prejudice （偏见）on us.
Our first stop was in the bargain store（打折商店）, where we politely asked to 6 the bathroom and were refused. Next we entered the lobby（大厅） of a large hotel, 7 we asked for a coffee shop and a bathroom. The door man said, “You must go to the twentieth floor.” We weren't up trying out, so we wandered around the first floor and 8 From 9 we went to a second-hand shop, where we more or less blended（混合）with the 10 , and then on to the upper-scale （上等阶层） 11 and coffee shops during the lunch hour.
It was prejudice time. Some of the children we 12 stared, pointed, and laughed; 13 gave us long, doubting looks. Clerks in stores followed us to 14 every move. In a lunchroom a second assistant 15 to the side of the cashier（出纳员）, where they took $ 2 check without asking for ID; it seemed worth that price to have us 16 of the door. At one doorway a clerk physically blocked the way to prevent us from 17 .
We had money to buy something small, and we did nothing in 18 of these places to draw attention to ourselves; we merely 19 quietly in our usual manner. Elsewhere we encountered ribbing（取笑）, imitating（模仿）, lack of trust, and rude stares（粗鲁的眼神）.
So what did we learn? Mostly 20 we expected, what everybody knows: people judge by appearances.
1. A. put B. carried C. held D. dressed
2. A. for B. to C. in D. at
3. A. carried B. worn C. used D. taken
4. A. untidy B. tired C. excited D. sad
5. A. that B. which C. whether D. it
6. A. clean B. see C. enter D. check
7. A. which B. where C. in that D. when
8. A. left B. went C. entered D. took away
9. A. which B. that C. there D. then on
10. A. customers B. foreigners C. students D. shop assistants
11. A. people B. stores C. floors D. cases
12. A. encountered B. taught C. faced D. talked
13. A. old people B. adults C. young people D. students
14. A. see B. look at C. watch D. notice
15. A. hurried B. stopped C. waved D. stayed
16. A. out B. at C. in D. away
17. A. walking B. entering C. sitting D. going
18. A. which B. one C. any D. anything
19. A. talked B. laughed C. worked D. shopped
20. A. that B. which C. those D. what
（D）阅读理解
If a person tells you that something is “the real McCoy”, he is telling you it is the real thing, not a copy. It is the best that can be found.
There are different ideas on how the expression came into use. Perhaps the most popular one is about a famous boxer, Charles Kids McCoy, a one-time famous boxing champion. One day, McCoy was having a drink in a bar with a lady friend. A man came up and began to talk to him. He was not a nice man.
McCoy wanted no trouble. He asked the man to leave. He said, “I'm Kid McCoy.” McCoy thought his name was so famous that there was no need to say more. But the man did not believe him. “Oh, yeah?” he said. “Well, if you are Kid McCoy, then I am George Washington!” And he continued to speak to the prize-fighter's friend in an unpleasant way.
McCoy hit the man with fist (拳)??not hard??actually it was really a light touch. But the man fell to the ground, unconscious (无意识). Ten minutes later, when he came to himself, he called out, “That was the real McCoy!” And that was how the expression got started.
There are other stories, however. One is that the expression goes back to the days of prohibition (禁止) when it was against the law in the United States to sell Whiskey. Although Whiskey was against the law, many sold it. And many were not afraid to sell bad whiskey, because there was so little that anybody could do about it. Buying whiskey, good or bad, was as illegal as selling it.
But there was one whiskey dealer who was honest. His name was McCoy. He refused to sell bad whiskey. His product became known as the best. It was called “the real McCoy”.
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. It is about the exact meaning of the saying.
B. It tells how a person gets his name.
C. It shows how to tell the real from the false.
D. It explains how to find the best.
2. Which of the following is TRUE about the days of prohibition?
A. Bad whiskey was not allowed to be sold.
B. People at that time preferred nothing but whiskey.
C. A national law forbade the sale of alcoholic drinks.
D. The days of prohibition caused McCoy's selling wine.
3. In the third paragraph, “the prize-fighter” refers to _________.
A. a champion B. a fellow C. McCoy D. George Washington
4. How many stories are mentioned about McCoy in the passage?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
5. Which of the following best summarizes the whole passage?
A. The story of a well-known boxer.
B. The expression and its story.
C. The friendship between a sportsman and a seller.
D. The general use of the expression.
（E）深层理解
Story of Words
1. From the text we learn that _______________.
A. Sandwich was born of a noble family
B. the word panic was named after the ancient Greek God, Pan
C. good-bye is a compound word
D. music fans were palm fans used to cool themselves by devotees while listening to music
2. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
A. Language is for ideas and communication.
B. No dictionary can cover all the modern words in our society.
C. Many computer words came into being at the end of 20th century.
D. Shakespeare would never fail to find himself puzzled at many unfamiliar words if he picked up a copy of a newspaper today to read.
（F）写作训练
单句改错
1. If you dig deeply into a word and know its root, and you will understand its origin.
2. Paul's brother sometimes acted as a little girl and people treated him as a child.
3. They decided to have a three-day stopover in the way to Hong Kong.
4. He looked in here and there like he was searching for something.
5. I looked at the little girl who was giving me the prettiest, biggest smile I have never seen.
6. I don't know which of the two books is the better. I shall read them all.
7. He first came to London and then to New York, but he didn't like neither of the cities very much.
8. In learning vocabulary, you can detect the meaning by finding the root word containing in the larger word.
9. The young scientist encountered with many difficulties during his visit to the world's far northern countries but failed.
10. They tried to seek clues of the unknown mystery.
复述课文
Reading 1
Shan Shan’s father is an _____1 He sends home _______2 of the different places where he stops over. He also likes to collect new words wherever he goes. Whenever he hears an interesting expression, he acts like _______3. Once he was _______4 from Moscow to Montreal. To help his daughter with her school assignment, he sent postcards home, which had pictures of the Russian places as well as his description of _______5 Shan Shan felt pleased to receive his father's postcards. The postcards would help her to write the report on how to _______6 in cold places, which had been assigned by her geography teacher. She saw the pictures of _______7 , .art treasures from famous Russian museums and sunsets on _______8 . She also learned about the places in the northern world where the lowest temperatures _______9. After she got to know what the word sundog meant, she _______10 it, feeling that she was learning a new language.
Reading 2
Words have roots, just like trees and flowers. Knowing the roots of a word helps to 1 . Those who read in a second language should use what is known to help understand the meaning of a new and difficult word, just like a good detective. Suffixes and prefixes help one with his 2 , but. 3 are the most important. It's best to detect the word's meaning by finding the root word contained. For example, if you know the root word alter maiming other , you will have some idea that the bigger word alternative 4 with the meaning other. It's the same thing with the words “ego” and “ egoist” ,the first of which is the root word.
Strategies need to be employed in learning a language. To apply the “roots for words” skills，one needs to 5 .
书面表达
许多人喜欢坐飞机出行，可是你却不这样认为。请你写一篇120词左右的议论文，阐述你的理由。
提示如下：
1. 乘飞机价格昂贵；
2. 登机手续(procedure)繁杂，花费时间太长；
3. 短途旅行坐飞机不方便；
4. 坐飞机出行受天气制约，一旦飞机失事(crash)，后果不堪设想。
【试题答案】
单项填空 1?5 BBADB 6?10 DACAC 11?15 BABBD 16?20 DCACB
情景交际 1?5 BAAAC
完形填空 1?5 DABAC 6?10 CBACA 11?15 BABCA 16?20 ABCDD
阅读理解 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.B
深层理解 1. A 2. D
单句改错
1. deeply改为deep 2. 第一个as改为like
3. in改为on 4. 去掉in
5. never改为ever 6. all改为both
7. 去掉didn’t或将neither改为 either
8. containing改为contained
9. 去掉with 10. of改为 to
Reading 1
1. international pilot
2. the postcards with pictures
3. a child with a new toy
4. on a flight
5. the snowstorms and the bitter cold of the world, far northern countries
6. describe the weather
7. Russian palaces and gardens
8. the Black Sea
9. were recorded
10. laughed at
Reading 2
1. understand its origin 2. word building power 3. root words
4. has something to do 5. learn as many root words as possible
书面表达
