词汇导练
1．Don’t____________(伤害)yourself with that tool.
2．Now that you are a college student，you should learn to be____________(独立的)of your parents’ help.
3．He gets money from government because of his____________(残疾)．
4．He____________(高兴)up at the thought of seeing her again.
5．The purpose of ____________(交际)is to get your message across to others clearly.
6．I have great admiration for his c____________.
7．U____________，the patient didn’t recover completely in spite of the doctors’ efforts.
8．We should have an o____________ attitude to our lives.
9．If you are c____________ about anything，phone my office.
10．His speech is not exactly____________(inspire)．
1．injure 2.independent 3.disability 4.cheered
5．communication 6.courage 7.Unfortunately 8.optimistic 9.confused 10.inspiring
短语汇集
1．________________ 远离
2．________________ 投身于
3．________________ (使)高兴起来
4．________________ 适应
5．________________ 在……指导下
6．________________ 与……交流
7．________________ 使……失望的是
8．________________ 集中
9．________________ 信任；信仰，信奉
10．________________ 对……感到厌倦
11．________________ 在……的前面
12．________________ 匆忙地
1.apart from 2.devote oneself to 3.cheer up 4.adapt to 5.under the guidance of 6.communicate with 7.to one’s disappointment 8.focus on 9.believe in 10.be tired of 11.ahead of 12.in a rush
语句试译
1．(回归课本P18)In 1998，a small accident during one of her practice vaults at the Goodwill Games________her future happiness.
在1998年的友好运动会上，她在练习跳马时发生的一个小事故本可能使她失去未来的幸福。
2．(回归课本P18)Well，________ ________some of our viewers don’t know her story，can you tell us a little bit about Sang Lan and who she is?
以防有些人不知道她的故事，你能告诉我们谁是桑兰和有关她的一些事吗？
3．(回归课本P18)________ ________ ________she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games，she________ ________a dedicated junior gymnast for eleven years.
到她参加完纽约友好运动会体操锦标赛时，她已是一名有11年资历的、专业的年轻体操运动员了。
4．(回归课本P26)________ ________I look at it，I’ll never be really good at anything unless I quit doing everything else.
不管我以什么方式看待这件事，除非我放弃做别的一切事，要不然我真的什么也做不好。
1.could have cost 2.in case 3.By the time；had been 4.Whichever way
核心知识
1.injure vt. 伤害；损害
(回归课本P18)To those who have been injured or struggle with a physical disability，happiness can simply mean a day without pain or just being alive.
对于那些受伤或因身体残疾而痛苦挣扎的人来说，幸福就是意味着无痛苦的一天或者只是可以活着。
例句探源
①(牛津P1050)Carter is playing in place of the injured O’Reilly.卡特替代受伤的奥赖利上场比赛。
②(朗文P1065)Eight of the injured are still in serious condition.有8位受伤者情况仍很严重。
③She injured her arm in the accident.她在车祸中伤了胳膊。
④This attack was a severe injury to his reputation.
这次攻击对他的名誉造成了严重的伤害。
易混辨析
injure，hurt，harm，wound
都有“伤”的意思，但各自的含义和用法不同。
(1)injure一般表示在事故中所受的大、小创伤，也可用于抽象意义。
(2)wound一般指在战场上所受的刀伤或枪伤。
(3)harm指使有生命或无生命的东西不再完美、美丽或者失去原来的价值。
(4)hurt指精神上的伤害或肉体上的伤痛。
①She felt hurt at your words.
②Don’t harm your eyes by reading in dim light.
③The bullet wounded him in the shoulder.
④He was badly/seriously injured in the accident，and his hair was burnt off.
1．In the ________ house the firefighters saved a lot of ________ people，but they couldn’t be sent to hospital because of the ________ road.
A．damaged；blocked；injured
B．destroyed；damaged；blocking
C．damaged；injured；blocked
D．blocked；wounded；injured
解析：选C。句意：在破损的房子里，消防队员们救出了很多受伤的人，但因道路阻塞，无法把伤员送到医院。destroy强调以具有摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉；damage破坏，常常指局部的或可以修好的。根据句意第一空应该用damage。injure指意外事故造成对身体机能的伤害，有时也可指情感伤害，故第二个空应用injure。the blocked road指受阻的道路。blocked是过去分词作定语，表示被动。
2.We had no rain for four months，and the harvest was
________.
A．damaging B．damaged
C．ruining D．ruined
解析：选D。damage常指人的威信、名誉或物品的外观、价值、用途等受到破坏，失去或降低其使用价值；而ruin则强调毁灭的彻底性，是一次性的行为，即人、物毁坏到不复存在或面目全非的地步；the harvest与ruin之间为动宾关系，故选D。
2.devote vt. 奉献；贡献，投入，献身
(回归课本P18)Even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents，she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.
即使参加训练就意味着她得离开父母生活，她仍快乐地投身于体操事业。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P554)Roper retired and devoted himself to charity work.
罗伯退休后全身心地投入了慈善事业当中。
②She devoted her life to helping the poor.
她全力以赴帮助穷人。
③The fans are devoted to their stars.
歌迷们对他们的偶像十分忠诚。
④(牛津P548)His devotion to his wife and family is touching.
他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。
3．________the secret of nature，the young scientist has little time for entertainment.
A．Devoted to bring out
B．Devoted himself to bringing out
C．Devoted to bringing out
D．Devoting to bring out
解析：选C。句意：“致力于要揭开大自然的秘密，这位年轻的科学家几乎没有时间娱乐。”devoted to bringing out是形容词短语作原因状语，说明主语the young scientist所处的状态，to是介词。
4. (2011年长沙雅礼中学模拟) To be able to go abroad，she devoted as much time as she could________her spoken English.
A．practise B．to practise
C．to practising D．practising
解析：选C。句中she could承接as much...as一起来修饰time，实际上是devote much time to (doing)sth.结构，故应选C。
5.The time and effort he has devoted during the past few years ________ trees in that remote area is now considered to be of great value.
A．to planting B．to plant
C．plant D．planting
解析：选A。句意：人们认为他在过去的几年里在偏远地区植树所花的时间和付出的努力是非常有价值的。本题题干中he has devoted during the past few years为定语从句，先行词是The time and effort，将先行词代入定语从句后为：he has devoted the time and effort to planting trees during the past few years.由此可知答案为A项。
3.cheer vt.& vi. 欢呼，喝彩；(使)高兴，使振奋；
n．[C] 欢呼，喝彩
(回归课本P19)Everyone who saw her，from nurses to famous visitors like Leonardo DiCaprio from the film Titanic，who went to see her in the hospital to cheer her up，all said she was in good spirits.
凡见过她的每个人，从护士到专门来医院探访、鼓励她的著名人士，包括主演电影《泰坦尼克》的莱昂纳多?迪卡普里奥，都说她情绪很好。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P327)Three cheers for the winners!
为优胜者欢呼三次吧。
②(朗文P326)Cheer up, it’s not that bad.
振作些，事情没那么糟糕。
③They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports teams.
她们这样做是为了鼓励人们为她们的球队加油。
④All of my friends were here to cheer me on.
我所有的朋友都在这里为我加油。
6.(2009年高考山东卷)?John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.
?Oh，________！
A．cheer up B．well done
C．go ahead D．congratulations
解析：选D。句意：??我和约翰下个月庆祝我们结婚40周年。??哦，祝贺你们！cheer up，“(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来”；well done，“做得好”；go ahead，“干吧，用吧”；congratulation，“祝贺你们”。
7．?I’m thinking of the test tomorrow.I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.
?________I’m sure you will make it.
A．Go ahead! B．Good luck!
C．No problem! D．Cheer up!
解析：选D。句意：??我正想着明天的考试呢，恐怕我这次考不及格了。??振作起来！我确信你会及格的。A.“干吧，用吧”；B.“祝你好运”；C.“没问题”；D.“振作起来”。
4.adapt vt.& vi. (使)适应；改编，改造；改装
(回归课本P19)And how has Sang Lan adapted to her new life?
那么桑兰是怎样适应新生活的呢？
归纳拓展
adapt(oneself)to使自己适应……
adapt sth.to使某事物适应
adapt for为……改写
adapt from根据……改编
adapt...as把……改写为……
be adapted to...适应……
例句探源
①(2009年高考浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments.
孩子们的优势是他们很容易适应新环境。
②(朗文P22)Several plants have adapted themselves to desert conditions.有几种植物已经适应了沙漠环境。
③(牛津P22)Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
易混辨析
adapt，adjust，adopt
(1)adapt指通过修改或改变，使某物或某人适应新条件。
(2)adjust指借正当的判断或熟练的技巧“调整，调节”以使两者互相适应。
(3)adopt收养；采取；采纳
①I have learned to adapt/adjust to my new life.
②You can’t see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes.
③These styles can be adapted_to suit individual tastes.
8．完成句子
(1)孩子们发觉很难适应新学校。
The children are finding it hard to________ ________their new school.
答案：adapt to
(2)你能适应新的工作吗？
Can you________ ________the new job?
答案：adapt to
(3)这些材料改一下可以给大一点的孩子用。
The materials can________ ________ ________use with older children.
答案：be adapted for
(4)这个剧本是由小说改编的。
The play was________ ________a novel.
答案：adapted from
5.arrange vt.& vi. 安排
(回归课本P26)He thinks that I need to arrange to spend even more time working on my basketball skills.
他认为我在篮球技能方面应该安排更多的时间。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P92)Have you arranged to meet him?
你安排好去见他了吗？
②(朗文P93)Peter arranged for a friend to drive him there.
彼得安排朋友开车送他去那儿。
③I arranged for a private meeting between Donovan and the president.
我安排了一次多诺万与总统的私人会面。
④The travel company made arrangements for our hotels and flights.
旅游公司为我们安排了宾馆和航班。
9．完成句子
(1)我们必须安排一个合适的时间和地点开会。
We must________a convenient time and place________the meeting.
答案：arrange；for
(2)我已安排好让史密斯太太来照顾你几天。
I’ve________ ________Mrs.Smith to look after you for a few days.
答案：arranged for
(3)他把书架上的书整理了一下。
He________the books on the shelf.
答案：arranged
(4)词典里的词是按字母顺序编排的。
In a dictionary the words are________ ________alphabetical order.
答案：arranged in
(5)她将为晚会做好安排。
She will________ ________ ________ ________the party.
答案：make an arrangement for
6.rush vi. 冲，迅速移动
vt. 紧急送往；使冲向；仓促行事
n． 匆忙
(回归课本P30)I remember sometimes feeling in a rush to grow up and be independent，but I was still very happy.
我记得有时感觉一下子长大独立了，但我仍旧很开心。
归纳拓展
rush sb.off one’s feet＝be rushed off one’s feet
忙得不可开交
rush sb.to sp.紧急送某人到某地
rush sb.into doing sth.催促某人做某事
in a rush急忙，匆忙
rush hour(上下班的)交通高峰期
例句探源
①I rushed out and for a long time I walked up and down my bedroom.
我冲了出去，接下来的很长时间就在自己的卧室来回踱步。
②(牛津P1754)Ambulances rushed the injured to the hospital.
救护车迅速将伤员送往医院。
③(朗文P1794)Don’t let them rush you into signing the contract.
别让他们催着你仓促签下合同。
④If you are in a rush and can’t stop to eat，grab a carton of yogurt or some fruit.
要是你很着急不能停下来吃东西，就赶紧喝一些酸奶或吃一些水果。
10．完成句子
(1)别着急，慢慢来。
________ ________，take your time.
答案：Don’t rush
(2)孩子们冲出学校。
The children________ ________ ________the school.
答案：rushed out of
(3)人们抢着买股份。
People________ ________buy the shares.
答案：rushed to
(4)圣诞节期间，他们忙得不可开交。
On Christmas，they________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：were rushed off their feet
11.(2010年徐州调研)We were in________when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
A．a rush so anxious B．a such anxious rush
C．so an anxious rush D．such an anxious rush
解析：选D。句意：我们走得如此匆忙以至于连机票都没拿。in a rush“匆忙，仓促”，rush单数可数名词，故用such a/an...that结构。
7.guarantee vt. 担保，保证；
n． 担保物，抵押物；保证书
(回归课本P31)Technology will guarantee good health and happiness for all!
科技为所有人的健康和快乐带来了保障！
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P906)The ticket will guarantee you free entry.
这张票可保证你免费入场。
②We guarantee to be here tomorrow.
我们保证明天到。
③She guarantees that she will be there on time.
她保证她会准时到那儿。
④Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time？你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？
12．完成句子
(1)即使你完成了培训，我也无法保证你能有工作。
Even if you complete your training I can’t________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：guarantee you a job
(2)校长保证满足你的所有要求。
The headmaster________ ________ ________meet all your requirements.
答案：will guarantee to
(3)抓住这次机会，我保证你不会后悔的。
Take this opportunity，and________ ________you won’t regret it.
答案：I guarantee
13.The TV set is only one year old and still________guarantee.
A．in B．on
C．under D．at
解析：选C。句意：这台电视机才买了一年，还在保修期内。under guarantee固定搭配“在保修期内”。
8.in hospital 住院
(回归课本P18)While she was injured and in hospital，the world was amazed by the way she remained cheerful.
在她受伤住院期间，世人为她仍能保持乐观而感到惊奇。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P990)She spent two weeks in hospital.
她住院两周。
②(朗文P1822)Both their kids are away at school now.
他们的两个孩子目前都离家在上学。
③The kids are sitting at table.
孩子们在进餐。
④The teacher sat in the front of the classroom.
老师坐在教室的前面。
⑤A new car is out of the question?we can’t afford it.
买新车是不可能的??我们买不起。
⑥It is out of question to arrive there on time.
准时到达那里没问题。
14.(2010年高考山东卷)If we sit near________front of the bus，we’ll have________better view.
A．/；the B．/；a
C．the；a D．the；the
解析：选C。考查冠词的用法。当front表示某一内部空间的“前面”时，是特指，因此需加定冠词the；第二个空格处的view表示“风景，景色”，是可数名词，此处用不定冠词a表泛指。
15.George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr.Anderson，but he was sure it was________Sunday because everybody was at________church.
A．/；the B．the；/
C．a；/ D．/；a
解析：选C。句意：乔治想不起什么时候第一次见到安德逊先生，但他确信是一个星期天，因为大家都在做礼拜。at church，“在做礼拜”；at the church，“在教堂”。因为是在星期天，所以大家都在做礼拜，因此排除A、D两项。此处a Sunday表示“某个星期天”。
16．I’m going to________hospital to see my brother who has been ill in________hospital for two months.
A．/；a B．a；the
C．the；/ D．the；the
解析：选C。句意：我要去医院看我弟弟，他生病住院两个月了，go to the hospital去医院，in hospital(生病)住院。
9.apart from 远离；和……不在一起；除了，除……之外(还有)
(回归课本P18)Even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents，she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.
即使她参加训练就意味着离开父母生活，她还是快乐地投身于体操事业。
归纳拓展
(1)apart from除了……之外，表示排除意义，还表示包含意义，相当于besides或in addition to；又可相当于except for。
(2)与apart相关的短语：
take sth.apart 将……拆卸开
fall apart 破裂，断裂，散开
tell...apart 把……区别/分辨开
例句探源
①(牛津P77)I’ve finished apart from the last question.
除了最后一道题，我全做完了。
②(朗文P77)Apart from a couple of spelling mistakes，this looks fine.除了几处拼写错误，这篇文章看起来很好。
③Apart from being used as a school，the building is used for weddings，parties，and meetings.
这座建筑物除了作为学校外，还可用于举办婚礼、聚会和开会。
④The house stands apart from the village.
那栋房子在村外。
⑤John enjoys taking old clocks apart.
约翰喜欢拆卸旧钟。
⑥I can’t tell Lucy and Lily apart.
我分不清露西和莉莉。
17．完成句子
(1)我分不出这对双胞胎谁是谁。
I can’t ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：tell the twins apart
(2)她与其他人保持距离。
She keeps herself ________ ________other people.
答案：apart from
(3)我们不得不卸下引擎。
We had to________the engine________.
答案：take；apart
18.?________ busy schoolwork，the children also have to take arts，music and sports classes in their free time.
?I wonder what they will become.
A．Rather than B．Owing to
C．Except for D．Apart from
解析：选D。句意：??除了繁忙的功课，孩子们还要在业余时间参加艺术、音乐和体育课程。rather than胜过，而不是；owing to由于；except for除……之外其他都；apart from除……外还有。根据句意可知应选D。
19. (2011年江苏启东中学模拟) I admired my classmate Lisa very much.________ her prettiness，she was smart and helpful.
A．Except for B．But for
C．Apart from D．In spite of
解析：选C。该题中的her prettiness属于Lisa的优点之一，故用Apart from。
10.believe in 信任，信赖(人的能力、品质或某种理论的信仰)
(回归课本P26)I feel guilty when I don’t practise harder because he has spent a lot of time coaching me，and he really believes in me.
当我训练不刻苦时我感到愧疚，因为他花了大量时间指导我，并且他非常信任我。
归纳拓展
believe in信任，信赖；相信……的存在；认为某事有益
believe sb.相信某人的话
believe sb.to be相信某人是……
I believe so.我相信是这样的。
I don’t believe so./I believe not.我不相信是这样的。
I believe that...我相信……
believe it or not信不信由你
belief n.信仰
例句探源
①(牛津P167)Do you believe in God?
你相信有上帝吗？
②(朗文P160)Many Americans no longer believe in their government.
许多美国人不再信赖他们的政府。
③I don’t believe in hitting children.
我不赞成打孩子。
易混辨析
believe in，believe
believe in侧重“对一个人的信任”，信赖其人格，还表示信仰(宗教、神等)；believe相信某人(所说的话)。
I believe him but don’t believe in him.
20．As is known to all，he is honest.That’s why I ________ him all the time.But I don’t ________ what he told me this time.
A．believe；believe B．believe in；believe
C．believe in；believe in D．believe；believe in
解析：选B。由前句中的“他很诚实”可知，“我”很信任他，表信任用believe in；第二空为believe，意为“这次我不相信他说的话”。
21.My father has much ________ in doctors of traditional Chinese medicine.
A．relief B．belief
C．kerchief D．chief
解析：选B。考查名词辨析。句意：我父亲十分相信中医。relief减轻，宽慰；belief相信，信仰；kerchief方头巾；chief首领；have much belief in sb./sth.十分相信某人/某物。
11.be tired of 对……厌烦，厌倦
(回归课本P26)I’m really tired of feeling worried about this and being unhappy.
我很厌倦这种焦虑和不快乐的感觉。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P2168)I’m tired of hearing about her new car.
我听她谈论她那辆新车都听烦了。
②(牛津P2123)They were cold，hungry and tired out.
他们又冷又饿，疲惫不堪。
③We were tired with/from the long walk in the countryside.
在乡间走了那么远的路我们感到累极了。
22．________ studying，the students disappeared after ________ by their parents.
A．Tired of；scolding
B．Tired of；being scolded
C．Tired out；scolding
D．Tired out；being scolded
解析：选B。句意：那些学生已经厌学了，在受到父母的斥责之后，他们失踪了。be tired of对……感到厌倦；be tired out疲惫不堪，不能接宾语；after为介词，后接动词时用v.ing形式，又因scold与the students之间是被动关系，故用v.ing的被动形式。
23.Mr.Smith，________ of the ________ speech，started to read a novel.
A．tired；boring B．tiring；bored
C．tired；bored D．tiring；boring
解析：选A。句意：由于对这无聊的演讲感到厌倦，史密斯先生开始读小说了。句中tired of 为形容词短语作原因状语；第二个空应用v.ing形式，表示“令人……的”。
句型解析
1【教材原句】 Well in case some of our viewers don’t know her story，can you tell us a little bit about Sang Lan and who she is？(P18)
以防我们的一些观众不知道她的故事，你能告诉我关于桑兰的一些事情以及桑兰是谁吗？
【句法分析】 本句为主从复合句。in case“万一，以防，假如”，引导条件状语从句。
①In case anything important happens，please call me up.
万一发生什么重要事情，请打电话给我。
②In case I forget，please remind me.
万一我忘了，请提醒我。
③In case of fire，open this safety door.
如果发生火灾，就打开这扇安全门。
归纳拓展
in case是连词，引导状语从句，意为“万一；以防”。而in case of是介词短语，后接名词或代词，意为“万一；以防；假使”，它引导的短语置于句末时常看作目的状语，作“以免，以防”解；置于句首时常视为条件状语，作“如果，万一”解。
①The wall is built along the river in case there are floods.
沿河筑起防护墙，以防洪水。
②In case of difficulty，you can reach me at this number.
如果有困难，你可以拨这个电话号码找我。
24．(2010年高考浙江卷)I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just________.
A．by nature B．in return
C．in case D．by chance
解析：选C。句意：我猜我们以前早就谈论过这件事了，以防万一我还要再问问你。by nature，“天生地”；in return，“作为回报”；in case，“以防万一”；by chance，“偶然的”。
25．________fire，all exits must be kept clear.
A．In place of B．Instead of
C．In case of D．In spite of
解析：选C。句意：为防火灾，所有疏散通道务必畅通。in place of，“代替”；instead of，“代替，相反”；in case of，“万一，以防”；in spite of，“尽管”。根据句意，C项正确。
26.The openair celebration has been put off________the bad weather.
A．in case of B．in spite of
C．instead of D．because of
解析：选D。句意：户外庆典由于恶劣天气被推迟了。in case of“万一”；in spite of“尽管”；instead of“代替”；because of“因为”。
27. (2011年江苏南京高考复习质量检测) Leave your key with a neighbor________you lock yourself out one day.
A．ever since B．even if
C．soon after D．in case
解析：选D。句意：留一把钥匙给邻居，以防有一天你把自己锁在门外。since“自从……以来”；even if“即使”；soon after“不久之后”in case“以防，以免”。根据句意D项正确。
28.(2009年高考北京卷)You may use the room as you like________you clean it up afterwards.
A．so far as B．so long as
C．in case D．even if
解析：选B。句意：你可以任意使用这个房间，只要你过后打扫干净即可。so far as“就……而言”；so long as(＝as long as)表示唯一条件“只要”；in case“以防，万一”；even if“即使，尽管”。
2【教材原句】 By the time she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games，she had been a dedicated junior gymnast for eleven years.(P18)
到她参加在纽约举行的友好运动会的体操锦标赛时，她已是一名有十一年资历的优秀的青年体操运动员了。
【句法分析】 当by the time引导的从句使用过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时。这时by the time表示“在……之前；到……的时候”，主句则表示在此时间之前某个事件已经完成。
但是，当by the time引导的从句用过去时时，主句有时也用一般过去时，这时by the time常表示“在……时候，到……时候”。
①By the time we walked five miles，he was exhausted already.当我们走了五英里时，他就已精疲力竭了。
by the year/by the time/by the end of后跟的时间(或从句)如果是将来时间，主句中常用将来完成时，即will/shall have done。
②Life will certainly have become far more mechanized by the year 2100.
到2100年，生活必将变得更加机械化。
29．By the time he realizes he________into a trap，it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
A．walks B．walked
C．has walked D．had walked
解析：选C。句意：当他意识到已经中计的时候，再做任何事情也无济于事了。根据句中realizes及it’ll可知本句讲的是现在的事情，故用现在时，排除B、D两项；本句强调“已经中计”，用完成时，故答案为C。
30.(2009年高考北京卷)When I talked with my grandma on the phone，she sounded weak，but by the time we________up，her voice had been full of life.
A．were hanging B．had hung
C．hung D．would hang
解析：选C。考查时态。此处强调的是在双方挂掉电话的那个时刻，因此用一般过去时。
3【教材原句】 Whichever way I look at it，I’ll never be really good at anything unless I quit doing everything else.(P26)
不管我以什么方式看待这件事，除非我放弃做别的一切事，要不然我真的什么也做不好。
【句法分析】 本句中whichever引导的是一个让步状语从句。
归纳拓展
(1)二者意义相同，意为“无论哪一个，无论哪些”，既可以指人又可以指物，都可以引导让步状语从句。,(2)whichever除引导让步状语从句外，还可引导名词性从句。
①Choose whichever brand you prefer.
挑选你喜欢的那个品牌。
②Whichever cake you like，you can take it.
你喜欢哪块蛋糕就拿那块。
③It takes three hours，whichever route you take.
无论你去哪一条路都需要三个小时。
31．(2009年高考湖南卷)She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do________it takes to save her life.
A．whichever B．however
C．whatever D．whoever
解析：选C。句意：她是我们心爱的宝贝。我们准备不惜一切代价挽救她的生命。whatever＝anything that，连接宾语从句，兼作takes的宾语。
32．(2010年高考安徽卷)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，________they have the interest.
A．wherever B．whenever
C．even if D．as if
解析：选C。句意：这些工程师太忙了，以至于即使他们有兴趣，也没有时间参加户外活动。even if是“即使”的意思，符合句意。
33.(2009年高考全国卷Ⅰ)Could I speak to________is in charge of International Sales please?
A．who B．what
C．whoever D．whatever
解析：选C。句意：“请问一下我能不能和负责国际贸易的人说话？”speak to后接sb.，故排除B、D。句中to后跟宾语从句，而且从句中又缺少主语，并且是不确指，故排除A。
34．(2009年高考陕西卷)The howto book can be of help to________wants to do the job.
A．who B．whomever
C．no matter who D．whoever
解析：选D。句意：“howto”这本书对任何一个想做这份工作的人来说都有用。to是介词，后接宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语。根据句子结构和意义，只能选whoever(anyone who)，who只指某一人，是特指。
35．________hungry I am，I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A．Whatever B．Whenever
C．Wherever D．However
1．Don’t____________(伤害)yourself with that tool.
2．Now that you are a college student，you should learn to be____________(独立的)of your parents’ help.
3．He gets money from government because of his____________(残疾)．
4．He____________(高兴)up at the thought of seeing her again.
5．The purpose of ____________(交际)is to get your message across to others clearly.
6．I have great admiration for his c____________.
7．U____________，the patient didn’t recover completely in spite of the doctors’ efforts.
8．We should have an o____________ attitude to our lives.
9．If you are c____________ about anything，phone my office.
10．His speech is not exactly____________(inspire)．
1．injure 2.independent 3.disability 4.cheered
5．communication 6.courage 7.Unfortunately 8.optimistic 9.confused 10.inspiring
短语汇集
1．________________ 远离
2．________________ 投身于
3．________________ (使)高兴起来
4．________________ 适应
5．________________ 在……指导下
6．________________ 与……交流
7．________________ 使……失望的是
8．________________ 集中
9．________________ 信任；信仰，信奉
10．________________ 对……感到厌倦
11．________________ 在……的前面
12．________________ 匆忙地
1.apart from 2.devote oneself to 3.cheer up 4.adapt to 5.under the guidance of 6.communicate with 7.to one’s disappointment 8.focus on 9.believe in 10.be tired of 11.ahead of 12.in a rush
语句试译
1．(回归课本P18)In 1998，a small accident during one of her practice vaults at the Goodwill Games________her future happiness.
在1998年的友好运动会上，她在练习跳马时发生的一个小事故本可能使她失去未来的幸福。
2．(回归课本P18)Well，________ ________some of our viewers don’t know her story，can you tell us a little bit about Sang Lan and who she is?
以防有些人不知道她的故事，你能告诉我们谁是桑兰和有关她的一些事吗？
3．(回归课本P18)________ ________ ________she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games，she________ ________a dedicated junior gymnast for eleven years.
到她参加完纽约友好运动会体操锦标赛时，她已是一名有11年资历的、专业的年轻体操运动员了。
4．(回归课本P26)________ ________I look at it，I’ll never be really good at anything unless I quit doing everything else.
不管我以什么方式看待这件事，除非我放弃做别的一切事，要不然我真的什么也做不好。
1.could have cost 2.in case 3.By the time；had been 4.Whichever way
核心知识
1.injure vt. 伤害；损害
(回归课本P18)To those who have been injured or struggle with a physical disability，happiness can simply mean a day without pain or just being alive.
对于那些受伤或因身体残疾而痛苦挣扎的人来说，幸福就是意味着无痛苦的一天或者只是可以活着。
例句探源
①(牛津P1050)Carter is playing in place of the injured O’Reilly.卡特替代受伤的奥赖利上场比赛。
②(朗文P1065)Eight of the injured are still in serious condition.有8位受伤者情况仍很严重。
③She injured her arm in the accident.她在车祸中伤了胳膊。
④This attack was a severe injury to his reputation.
这次攻击对他的名誉造成了严重的伤害。
易混辨析
injure，hurt，harm，wound
都有“伤”的意思，但各自的含义和用法不同。
(1)injure一般表示在事故中所受的大、小创伤，也可用于抽象意义。
(2)wound一般指在战场上所受的刀伤或枪伤。
(3)harm指使有生命或无生命的东西不再完美、美丽或者失去原来的价值。
(4)hurt指精神上的伤害或肉体上的伤痛。
①She felt hurt at your words.
②Don’t harm your eyes by reading in dim light.
③The bullet wounded him in the shoulder.
④He was badly/seriously injured in the accident，and his hair was burnt off.
1．In the ________ house the firefighters saved a lot of ________ people，but they couldn’t be sent to hospital because of the ________ road.
A．damaged；blocked；injured
B．destroyed；damaged；blocking
C．damaged；injured；blocked
D．blocked；wounded；injured
解析：选C。句意：在破损的房子里，消防队员们救出了很多受伤的人，但因道路阻塞，无法把伤员送到医院。destroy强调以具有摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉；damage破坏，常常指局部的或可以修好的。根据句意第一空应该用damage。injure指意外事故造成对身体机能的伤害，有时也可指情感伤害，故第二个空应用injure。the blocked road指受阻的道路。blocked是过去分词作定语，表示被动。
2.We had no rain for four months，and the harvest was
________.
A．damaging B．damaged
C．ruining D．ruined
解析：选D。damage常指人的威信、名誉或物品的外观、价值、用途等受到破坏，失去或降低其使用价值；而ruin则强调毁灭的彻底性，是一次性的行为，即人、物毁坏到不复存在或面目全非的地步；the harvest与ruin之间为动宾关系，故选D。
2.devote vt. 奉献；贡献，投入，献身
(回归课本P18)Even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents，she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.
即使参加训练就意味着她得离开父母生活，她仍快乐地投身于体操事业。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P554)Roper retired and devoted himself to charity work.
罗伯退休后全身心地投入了慈善事业当中。
②She devoted her life to helping the poor.
她全力以赴帮助穷人。
③The fans are devoted to their stars.
歌迷们对他们的偶像十分忠诚。
④(牛津P548)His devotion to his wife and family is touching.
他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。
3．________the secret of nature，the young scientist has little time for entertainment.
A．Devoted to bring out
B．Devoted himself to bringing out
C．Devoted to bringing out
D．Devoting to bring out
解析：选C。句意：“致力于要揭开大自然的秘密，这位年轻的科学家几乎没有时间娱乐。”devoted to bringing out是形容词短语作原因状语，说明主语the young scientist所处的状态，to是介词。
4. (2011年长沙雅礼中学模拟) To be able to go abroad，she devoted as much time as she could________her spoken English.
A．practise B．to practise
C．to practising D．practising
解析：选C。句中she could承接as much...as一起来修饰time，实际上是devote much time to (doing)sth.结构，故应选C。
5.The time and effort he has devoted during the past few years ________ trees in that remote area is now considered to be of great value.
A．to planting B．to plant
C．plant D．planting
解析：选A。句意：人们认为他在过去的几年里在偏远地区植树所花的时间和付出的努力是非常有价值的。本题题干中he has devoted during the past few years为定语从句，先行词是The time and effort，将先行词代入定语从句后为：he has devoted the time and effort to planting trees during the past few years.由此可知答案为A项。
3.cheer vt.& vi. 欢呼，喝彩；(使)高兴，使振奋；
n．[C] 欢呼，喝彩
(回归课本P19)Everyone who saw her，from nurses to famous visitors like Leonardo DiCaprio from the film Titanic，who went to see her in the hospital to cheer her up，all said she was in good spirits.
凡见过她的每个人，从护士到专门来医院探访、鼓励她的著名人士，包括主演电影《泰坦尼克》的莱昂纳多?迪卡普里奥，都说她情绪很好。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P327)Three cheers for the winners!
为优胜者欢呼三次吧。
②(朗文P326)Cheer up, it’s not that bad.
振作些，事情没那么糟糕。
③They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports teams.
她们这样做是为了鼓励人们为她们的球队加油。
④All of my friends were here to cheer me on.
我所有的朋友都在这里为我加油。
6.(2009年高考山东卷)?John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.
?Oh，________！
A．cheer up B．well done
C．go ahead D．congratulations
解析：选D。句意：??我和约翰下个月庆祝我们结婚40周年。??哦，祝贺你们！cheer up，“(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来”；well done，“做得好”；go ahead，“干吧，用吧”；congratulation，“祝贺你们”。
7．?I’m thinking of the test tomorrow.I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.
?________I’m sure you will make it.
A．Go ahead! B．Good luck!
C．No problem! D．Cheer up!
解析：选D。句意：??我正想着明天的考试呢，恐怕我这次考不及格了。??振作起来！我确信你会及格的。A.“干吧，用吧”；B.“祝你好运”；C.“没问题”；D.“振作起来”。
4.adapt vt.& vi. (使)适应；改编，改造；改装
(回归课本P19)And how has Sang Lan adapted to her new life?
那么桑兰是怎样适应新生活的呢？
归纳拓展
adapt(oneself)to使自己适应……
adapt sth.to使某事物适应
adapt for为……改写
adapt from根据……改编
adapt...as把……改写为……
be adapted to...适应……
例句探源
①(2009年高考浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments.
孩子们的优势是他们很容易适应新环境。
②(朗文P22)Several plants have adapted themselves to desert conditions.有几种植物已经适应了沙漠环境。
③(牛津P22)Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
易混辨析
adapt，adjust，adopt
(1)adapt指通过修改或改变，使某物或某人适应新条件。
(2)adjust指借正当的判断或熟练的技巧“调整，调节”以使两者互相适应。
(3)adopt收养；采取；采纳
①I have learned to adapt/adjust to my new life.
②You can’t see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes.
③These styles can be adapted_to suit individual tastes.
8．完成句子
(1)孩子们发觉很难适应新学校。
The children are finding it hard to________ ________their new school.
答案：adapt to
(2)你能适应新的工作吗？
Can you________ ________the new job?
答案：adapt to
(3)这些材料改一下可以给大一点的孩子用。
The materials can________ ________ ________use with older children.
答案：be adapted for
(4)这个剧本是由小说改编的。
The play was________ ________a novel.
答案：adapted from
5.arrange vt.& vi. 安排
(回归课本P26)He thinks that I need to arrange to spend even more time working on my basketball skills.
他认为我在篮球技能方面应该安排更多的时间。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P92)Have you arranged to meet him?
你安排好去见他了吗？
②(朗文P93)Peter arranged for a friend to drive him there.
彼得安排朋友开车送他去那儿。
③I arranged for a private meeting between Donovan and the president.
我安排了一次多诺万与总统的私人会面。
④The travel company made arrangements for our hotels and flights.
旅游公司为我们安排了宾馆和航班。
9．完成句子
(1)我们必须安排一个合适的时间和地点开会。
We must________a convenient time and place________the meeting.
答案：arrange；for
(2)我已安排好让史密斯太太来照顾你几天。
I’ve________ ________Mrs.Smith to look after you for a few days.
答案：arranged for
(3)他把书架上的书整理了一下。
He________the books on the shelf.
答案：arranged
(4)词典里的词是按字母顺序编排的。
In a dictionary the words are________ ________alphabetical order.
答案：arranged in
(5)她将为晚会做好安排。
She will________ ________ ________ ________the party.
答案：make an arrangement for
6.rush vi. 冲，迅速移动
vt. 紧急送往；使冲向；仓促行事
n． 匆忙
(回归课本P30)I remember sometimes feeling in a rush to grow up and be independent，but I was still very happy.
我记得有时感觉一下子长大独立了，但我仍旧很开心。
归纳拓展
rush sb.off one’s feet＝be rushed off one’s feet
忙得不可开交
rush sb.to sp.紧急送某人到某地
rush sb.into doing sth.催促某人做某事
in a rush急忙，匆忙
rush hour(上下班的)交通高峰期
例句探源
①I rushed out and for a long time I walked up and down my bedroom.
我冲了出去，接下来的很长时间就在自己的卧室来回踱步。
②(牛津P1754)Ambulances rushed the injured to the hospital.
救护车迅速将伤员送往医院。
③(朗文P1794)Don’t let them rush you into signing the contract.
别让他们催着你仓促签下合同。
④If you are in a rush and can’t stop to eat，grab a carton of yogurt or some fruit.
要是你很着急不能停下来吃东西，就赶紧喝一些酸奶或吃一些水果。
10．完成句子
(1)别着急，慢慢来。
________ ________，take your time.
答案：Don’t rush
(2)孩子们冲出学校。
The children________ ________ ________the school.
答案：rushed out of
(3)人们抢着买股份。
People________ ________buy the shares.
答案：rushed to
(4)圣诞节期间，他们忙得不可开交。
On Christmas，they________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：were rushed off their feet
11.(2010年徐州调研)We were in________when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
A．a rush so anxious B．a such anxious rush
C．so an anxious rush D．such an anxious rush
解析：选D。句意：我们走得如此匆忙以至于连机票都没拿。in a rush“匆忙，仓促”，rush单数可数名词，故用such a/an...that结构。
7.guarantee vt. 担保，保证；
n． 担保物，抵押物；保证书
(回归课本P31)Technology will guarantee good health and happiness for all!
科技为所有人的健康和快乐带来了保障！
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P906)The ticket will guarantee you free entry.
这张票可保证你免费入场。
②We guarantee to be here tomorrow.
我们保证明天到。
③She guarantees that she will be there on time.
她保证她会准时到那儿。
④Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time？你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？
12．完成句子
(1)即使你完成了培训，我也无法保证你能有工作。
Even if you complete your training I can’t________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：guarantee you a job
(2)校长保证满足你的所有要求。
The headmaster________ ________ ________meet all your requirements.
答案：will guarantee to
(3)抓住这次机会，我保证你不会后悔的。
Take this opportunity，and________ ________you won’t regret it.
答案：I guarantee
13.The TV set is only one year old and still________guarantee.
A．in B．on
C．under D．at
解析：选C。句意：这台电视机才买了一年，还在保修期内。under guarantee固定搭配“在保修期内”。
8.in hospital 住院
(回归课本P18)While she was injured and in hospital，the world was amazed by the way she remained cheerful.
在她受伤住院期间，世人为她仍能保持乐观而感到惊奇。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P990)She spent two weeks in hospital.
她住院两周。
②(朗文P1822)Both their kids are away at school now.
他们的两个孩子目前都离家在上学。
③The kids are sitting at table.
孩子们在进餐。
④The teacher sat in the front of the classroom.
老师坐在教室的前面。
⑤A new car is out of the question?we can’t afford it.
买新车是不可能的??我们买不起。
⑥It is out of question to arrive there on time.
准时到达那里没问题。
14.(2010年高考山东卷)If we sit near________front of the bus，we’ll have________better view.
A．/；the B．/；a
C．the；a D．the；the
解析：选C。考查冠词的用法。当front表示某一内部空间的“前面”时，是特指，因此需加定冠词the；第二个空格处的view表示“风景，景色”，是可数名词，此处用不定冠词a表泛指。
15.George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr.Anderson，but he was sure it was________Sunday because everybody was at________church.
A．/；the B．the；/
C．a；/ D．/；a
解析：选C。句意：乔治想不起什么时候第一次见到安德逊先生，但他确信是一个星期天，因为大家都在做礼拜。at church，“在做礼拜”；at the church，“在教堂”。因为是在星期天，所以大家都在做礼拜，因此排除A、D两项。此处a Sunday表示“某个星期天”。
16．I’m going to________hospital to see my brother who has been ill in________hospital for two months.
A．/；a B．a；the
C．the；/ D．the；the
解析：选C。句意：我要去医院看我弟弟，他生病住院两个月了，go to the hospital去医院，in hospital(生病)住院。
9.apart from 远离；和……不在一起；除了，除……之外(还有)
(回归课本P18)Even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents，she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.
即使她参加训练就意味着离开父母生活，她还是快乐地投身于体操事业。
归纳拓展
(1)apart from除了……之外，表示排除意义，还表示包含意义，相当于besides或in addition to；又可相当于except for。
(2)与apart相关的短语：
take sth.apart 将……拆卸开
fall apart 破裂，断裂，散开
tell...apart 把……区别/分辨开
例句探源
①(牛津P77)I’ve finished apart from the last question.
除了最后一道题，我全做完了。
②(朗文P77)Apart from a couple of spelling mistakes，this looks fine.除了几处拼写错误，这篇文章看起来很好。
③Apart from being used as a school，the building is used for weddings，parties，and meetings.
这座建筑物除了作为学校外，还可用于举办婚礼、聚会和开会。
④The house stands apart from the village.
那栋房子在村外。
⑤John enjoys taking old clocks apart.
约翰喜欢拆卸旧钟。
⑥I can’t tell Lucy and Lily apart.
我分不清露西和莉莉。
17．完成句子
(1)我分不出这对双胞胎谁是谁。
I can’t ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：tell the twins apart
(2)她与其他人保持距离。
She keeps herself ________ ________other people.
答案：apart from
(3)我们不得不卸下引擎。
We had to________the engine________.
答案：take；apart
18.?________ busy schoolwork，the children also have to take arts，music and sports classes in their free time.
?I wonder what they will become.
A．Rather than B．Owing to
C．Except for D．Apart from
解析：选D。句意：??除了繁忙的功课，孩子们还要在业余时间参加艺术、音乐和体育课程。rather than胜过，而不是；owing to由于；except for除……之外其他都；apart from除……外还有。根据句意可知应选D。
19. (2011年江苏启东中学模拟) I admired my classmate Lisa very much.________ her prettiness，she was smart and helpful.
A．Except for B．But for
C．Apart from D．In spite of
解析：选C。该题中的her prettiness属于Lisa的优点之一，故用Apart from。
10.believe in 信任，信赖(人的能力、品质或某种理论的信仰)
(回归课本P26)I feel guilty when I don’t practise harder because he has spent a lot of time coaching me，and he really believes in me.
当我训练不刻苦时我感到愧疚，因为他花了大量时间指导我，并且他非常信任我。
归纳拓展
believe in信任，信赖；相信……的存在；认为某事有益
believe sb.相信某人的话
believe sb.to be相信某人是……
I believe so.我相信是这样的。
I don’t believe so./I believe not.我不相信是这样的。
I believe that...我相信……
believe it or not信不信由你
belief n.信仰
例句探源
①(牛津P167)Do you believe in God?
你相信有上帝吗？
②(朗文P160)Many Americans no longer believe in their government.
许多美国人不再信赖他们的政府。
③I don’t believe in hitting children.
我不赞成打孩子。
易混辨析
believe in，believe
believe in侧重“对一个人的信任”，信赖其人格，还表示信仰(宗教、神等)；believe相信某人(所说的话)。
I believe him but don’t believe in him.
20．As is known to all，he is honest.That’s why I ________ him all the time.But I don’t ________ what he told me this time.
A．believe；believe B．believe in；believe
C．believe in；believe in D．believe；believe in
解析：选B。由前句中的“他很诚实”可知，“我”很信任他，表信任用believe in；第二空为believe，意为“这次我不相信他说的话”。
21.My father has much ________ in doctors of traditional Chinese medicine.
A．relief B．belief
C．kerchief D．chief
解析：选B。考查名词辨析。句意：我父亲十分相信中医。relief减轻，宽慰；belief相信，信仰；kerchief方头巾；chief首领；have much belief in sb./sth.十分相信某人/某物。
11.be tired of 对……厌烦，厌倦
(回归课本P26)I’m really tired of feeling worried about this and being unhappy.
我很厌倦这种焦虑和不快乐的感觉。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P2168)I’m tired of hearing about her new car.
我听她谈论她那辆新车都听烦了。
②(牛津P2123)They were cold，hungry and tired out.
他们又冷又饿，疲惫不堪。
③We were tired with/from the long walk in the countryside.
在乡间走了那么远的路我们感到累极了。
22．________ studying，the students disappeared after ________ by their parents.
A．Tired of；scolding
B．Tired of；being scolded
C．Tired out；scolding
D．Tired out；being scolded
解析：选B。句意：那些学生已经厌学了，在受到父母的斥责之后，他们失踪了。be tired of对……感到厌倦；be tired out疲惫不堪，不能接宾语；after为介词，后接动词时用v.ing形式，又因scold与the students之间是被动关系，故用v.ing的被动形式。
23.Mr.Smith，________ of the ________ speech，started to read a novel.
A．tired；boring B．tiring；bored
C．tired；bored D．tiring；boring
解析：选A。句意：由于对这无聊的演讲感到厌倦，史密斯先生开始读小说了。句中tired of 为形容词短语作原因状语；第二个空应用v.ing形式，表示“令人……的”。
句型解析
1【教材原句】 Well in case some of our viewers don’t know her story，can you tell us a little bit about Sang Lan and who she is？(P18)
以防我们的一些观众不知道她的故事，你能告诉我关于桑兰的一些事情以及桑兰是谁吗？
【句法分析】 本句为主从复合句。in case“万一，以防，假如”，引导条件状语从句。
①In case anything important happens，please call me up.
万一发生什么重要事情，请打电话给我。
②In case I forget，please remind me.
万一我忘了，请提醒我。
③In case of fire，open this safety door.
如果发生火灾，就打开这扇安全门。
归纳拓展
in case是连词，引导状语从句，意为“万一；以防”。而in case of是介词短语，后接名词或代词，意为“万一；以防；假使”，它引导的短语置于句末时常看作目的状语，作“以免，以防”解；置于句首时常视为条件状语，作“如果，万一”解。
①The wall is built along the river in case there are floods.
沿河筑起防护墙，以防洪水。
②In case of difficulty，you can reach me at this number.
如果有困难，你可以拨这个电话号码找我。
24．(2010年高考浙江卷)I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just________.
A．by nature B．in return
C．in case D．by chance
解析：选C。句意：我猜我们以前早就谈论过这件事了，以防万一我还要再问问你。by nature，“天生地”；in return，“作为回报”；in case，“以防万一”；by chance，“偶然的”。
25．________fire，all exits must be kept clear.
A．In place of B．Instead of
C．In case of D．In spite of
解析：选C。句意：为防火灾，所有疏散通道务必畅通。in place of，“代替”；instead of，“代替，相反”；in case of，“万一，以防”；in spite of，“尽管”。根据句意，C项正确。
26.The openair celebration has been put off________the bad weather.
A．in case of B．in spite of
C．instead of D．because of
解析：选D。句意：户外庆典由于恶劣天气被推迟了。in case of“万一”；in spite of“尽管”；instead of“代替”；because of“因为”。
27. (2011年江苏南京高考复习质量检测) Leave your key with a neighbor________you lock yourself out one day.
A．ever since B．even if
C．soon after D．in case
解析：选D。句意：留一把钥匙给邻居，以防有一天你把自己锁在门外。since“自从……以来”；even if“即使”；soon after“不久之后”in case“以防，以免”。根据句意D项正确。
28.(2009年高考北京卷)You may use the room as you like________you clean it up afterwards.
A．so far as B．so long as
C．in case D．even if
解析：选B。句意：你可以任意使用这个房间，只要你过后打扫干净即可。so far as“就……而言”；so long as(＝as long as)表示唯一条件“只要”；in case“以防，万一”；even if“即使，尽管”。
2【教材原句】 By the time she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games，she had been a dedicated junior gymnast for eleven years.(P18)
到她参加在纽约举行的友好运动会的体操锦标赛时，她已是一名有十一年资历的优秀的青年体操运动员了。
【句法分析】 当by the time引导的从句使用过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时。这时by the time表示“在……之前；到……的时候”，主句则表示在此时间之前某个事件已经完成。
但是，当by the time引导的从句用过去时时，主句有时也用一般过去时，这时by the time常表示“在……时候，到……时候”。
①By the time we walked five miles，he was exhausted already.当我们走了五英里时，他就已精疲力竭了。
by the year/by the time/by the end of后跟的时间(或从句)如果是将来时间，主句中常用将来完成时，即will/shall have done。
②Life will certainly have become far more mechanized by the year 2100.
到2100年，生活必将变得更加机械化。
29．By the time he realizes he________into a trap，it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
A．walks B．walked
C．has walked D．had walked
解析：选C。句意：当他意识到已经中计的时候，再做任何事情也无济于事了。根据句中realizes及it’ll可知本句讲的是现在的事情，故用现在时，排除B、D两项；本句强调“已经中计”，用完成时，故答案为C。
30.(2009年高考北京卷)When I talked with my grandma on the phone，she sounded weak，but by the time we________up，her voice had been full of life.
A．were hanging B．had hung
C．hung D．would hang
解析：选C。考查时态。此处强调的是在双方挂掉电话的那个时刻，因此用一般过去时。
3【教材原句】 Whichever way I look at it，I’ll never be really good at anything unless I quit doing everything else.(P26)
不管我以什么方式看待这件事，除非我放弃做别的一切事，要不然我真的什么也做不好。
【句法分析】 本句中whichever引导的是一个让步状语从句。
归纳拓展
(1)二者意义相同，意为“无论哪一个，无论哪些”，既可以指人又可以指物，都可以引导让步状语从句。,(2)whichever除引导让步状语从句外，还可引导名词性从句。
①Choose whichever brand you prefer.
挑选你喜欢的那个品牌。
②Whichever cake you like，you can take it.
你喜欢哪块蛋糕就拿那块。
③It takes three hours，whichever route you take.
无论你去哪一条路都需要三个小时。
31．(2009年高考湖南卷)She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do________it takes to save her life.
A．whichever B．however
C．whatever D．whoever
解析：选C。句意：她是我们心爱的宝贝。我们准备不惜一切代价挽救她的生命。whatever＝anything that，连接宾语从句，兼作takes的宾语。
32．(2010年高考安徽卷)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，________they have the interest.
A．wherever B．whenever
C．even if D．as if
解析：选C。句意：这些工程师太忙了，以至于即使他们有兴趣，也没有时间参加户外活动。even if是“即使”的意思，符合句意。
33.(2009年高考全国卷Ⅰ)Could I speak to________is in charge of International Sales please?
A．who B．what
C．whoever D．whatever
解析：选C。句意：“请问一下我能不能和负责国际贸易的人说话？”speak to后接sb.，故排除B、D。句中to后跟宾语从句，而且从句中又缺少主语，并且是不确指，故排除A。
34．(2009年高考陕西卷)The howto book can be of help to________wants to do the job.
A．who B．whomever
C．no matter who D．whoever
解析：选D。句意：“howto”这本书对任何一个想做这份工作的人来说都有用。to是介词，后接宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语。根据句子结构和意义，只能选whoever(anyone who)，who只指某一人，是特指。
35．________hungry I am，I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A．Whatever B．Whenever
C．Wherever D．However
