2011-2012学年高一英语必修1（北师大版）素材
Unit 2 of odule I Heroes Period Two Lesson 3 & 4
一. 教学内容：
Unit 2 of odule I Heroes Period Two Lesson 3 & 4
二. 本目标与要求
1. 掌握这些单词及词组的用法
词汇相关提示
compete vt.比赛，竞争
keen adj. 热心的，渴望的。
give up 放弃
come to 达到某种状态 请留意 compete 后面接不同介词表达的不同意义。
请掌握句式 be keen to do sth. 及短语 be keen on 的含义及 keen 与 eager 的区别
要记住以 give 为中心的一些短语。
请区分 come to 在不同句子环境中的不同含义。
2. 重点句式
I suppose, but … 我认为是，但……
too…to… 太……而不能
…so that… 以便……
3. 写作要求
用本单元所学的单词、短语、句型以及语法，写一个故事，谈谈你佩服的一个普通人或写一个明星，可以参考的结构。
二. 重难点词汇讲解
1. skillful adj.灵巧的，熟练的。
skill(n. 技术)+-ful(形容词后缀)→灵巧的，熟练的。
The crafts teacher is skillful at knitting. 手工艺教师善于编织。
1）同义词；skilled adj. 熟练的
2）搭配：be skillful at sth／doing sth. 在……方面很熟练。
3）辨析：skillful 和 skilled
skillful 是指人聪明，做事很灵巧，尤指手的灵巧；
skilled 通常是指受过正规训练，有多年实践经验，并掌握某项专门技能；
2. useless adj. 无用的。无效的
use(n. 用处)+-less(否定后缀，构成形容词)+无用的；无效的
eg. Car is useless without petrol. 汽车没有汽油就不能使用。
同义词：void 无用的，invalid 无效的
反义词：useful 有用的，valid 有效的
写出画线部分单词的反义词
Videos are useful things to have in the classroom.
3. compete vi.比赛，竞争
compete(竞争)→complete (v. 完成)
eg. The two football teams compete for the championship.
这两个足球队要争夺冠军。
1）派生词：competition n. 竞争；competitor n. 竞争者；competitive adj. 竞争的，(价格）有竞争力的
2）搭配：compete against／with sb. in sth. ／for sth. 在某方面／为得到某物与某人竞争
用合适的介词填空
1）Will you compete_____ the race the coming sports meeting?
2）The young tennis player has often competed_____ famous players，but so far he has always been beaten.
4. amazing adj. 令人惊异的
amazed意为“对……感到惊讶(人的感受)”
amaze vt. 使吃惊
His behaviour amazed us a lot.
He has an amazing talent in drawings. 他在绘画方面有惊人的天赋。
请注意区别 amazed 和 amazing：
I am so amazed at his progress he made. 我对他的进步很惊讶。
amazing意为“(事物本身的)特点、性质令人惊奇”。
The progress he made is amazing. 他的进步令人吃惊。
小技巧：凡是-ed 结尾的都是以人作主语，解释为“感到……”，-ing结尾以物作主语，表示“令人感到……”。
5. keen/adj.热心的，渴望的
He was keen on volunteers because he believed that people who brings the happiness to the other people is the one of the most happy people.
他热衷于当志愿者的原因是他觉得给别人带快乐的人才是世界上最幸福的人。
1）句式：be keen to do sth. ／that想……
be keen on sth.热衷于……，非常喜欢……
2）同义词辨析：keen 和 eager
都表示因巨大的兴趣或欲望而被激励起。keen 表示兴趣和感情的强烈性；eager 表示浓厚的兴趣和迫不及待的期望。
单句改错
y roommates are very keen in bridge cards among other things.
6. fortunately adv. 幸运地 fortunate(adj,幸运的)+-ly(副词后缀)
Fortunately the train was on time. 幸好火车按时到达。
1）反义词：unfortunately 不幸地; 同义词：luckily幸运地
2）fortunately 在句中作状语，一般修饰整个句子。
3）fortunately 和 luckily 两词分别是 fortunate 和 lucky 的延伸副词，即“幸运地”的意思，意思相同，但前者比较书面，后者更多用于口语，而且前者程度更深一些，有惊喜的意思。
7、promote/vt.促进，提升
巧记提示 pro-(向前)+mote(n. 微粒，微尘), 这样的词还有：pro + gress
eg. She worked hard and was soon promoted，她工作很努力，很快便获得提升。
The organization works to promote friendship between nations.
该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。
1）派生词：promoter n. 支持者；promotion n.提升，促进
2）搭配：promote sb.to sth . 提升、晋升或擢升某人至某职位。
3）promote 作“提升”时，常用于被动语态。
选择
1）Pupils who pass the test will_____ the next grade.
A. promoteB. promote to
C. be promotedD. be promoted to
2）The people in their thirties are easier _____than those in their fifties.
A. to be promotedB. be promoted
C. promoteD. to promote
8. injury n.伤害，损害
injure(vt. 损害、伤害，去e)+-y(名词后缀)→伤害，损害。
eg. She was badly injured in an accident.
In the accident he suffered serious injuries to the head and arms.
1）injury 可以是对身体或名誉的伤害或损害。
2）搭配：be an injury to伤害……，危害…… ，对……有害；
do sb. an injury 伤害某人；
do an injury to sb. 伤害某人。
3）辨析：injury，ache，wound 和 pain
injury 指的是损伤，如丢胳膊断腿，或心灵受伤，这种伤是赤裸裸的，血淋淋的。
ache 一般指器官的疼痛，如头痛、胃痛等。
wound 指的是创伤，伤口和伤害，还指心灵的创伤，主要强调的是创伤、伤口。
pain 是指痛苦，由疾病或情感带的痛苦，这种痛苦是综合性的，没有特指的。
改错
1）In the crash he suffered severe injuries in the head and arms.
2）They wounded our feelings greatly.
9. commit vt .犯（错误），干（坏事）committed, committing, commits
commit (犯罪)→ committee(n.委员会)
eg. I think he must have committed a crime.
我想他一定犯了什么罪。
1）词组拓展：
commit suicide 自杀commit murder 谋杀
commit an error 做错事commit a crime 犯罪
2）同义词辨析：
commit，discharge 和 do 都含有“进行某种活动”的意思。
commit 指“犯错误或犯下某种罪行”，或指“干某种坏事、傻事”。如：
He was arrested for committing. 他因犯有多种罪行而被捕了。
discharge 指“忠实能干地执行任务”也指“履行职责或诺言”。如：
The nurse discharged her duties.
do 指“从事任何一种具体的或抽象的工作。”如：
He did the job brilliantly.
10. react vi. 起反应, 起作用, 反抗, 起反作用
巧记提示 re-(= back，回、反)+ act (n.作用、行动)→反应
eg. People can react badly to certain food additives.
有的人对某些食物添加剂会产生不良反应。
These composers reacted against romanticism.
这些作家背离了浪漫主义的风格。
派生词：reaction n.反应。
（1）固定搭配：
react against 反抗、反对，
react on 对……起作用、对……有影响、对……起反应，
react to 对……作出反应
用正确的介词填空
Evidence (证据） is growing that many animals do not react well _____ tourists _____ their backyard.
11. quality n. 质量，品质
quality (质量，品质，性质) →quantity （n.量，数量）
eg. This new model is of high quality and is not expensive either.
这种新型号质量非常好，而且也不贵。
High quality，low price. 物美价廉。(诺基亚6340i广告词)
固定搭配：of good quality 上等的，优质的 of poor quality 劣质的，劣等的
12. disabled adj. 无效的，不起作用的; 残疾的。
巧记提示 dis-(否定前缀)+able(adj. 有能力的)+-d→残疾的。
eg. a disabled vehicle. 不能骑的车
a disabled veteran/ child 伤残老兵/孩子
Deaf people and dumb people are disabled. 聋人和哑人都是残疾人。
the disabled 可指代残疾人，作主语时，谓语用复数。
13. confident adj. 自信的
confident (adj. 信心)→confidence (n.信心)
eg. We are confident of success. 我们有信心能成功。
Give him your confidence. 信任他。
1）同根词：confidence n.自信，信心；confidently adv.自信地
2）用法：confidence 是名词，后面的介词用 in ;confident 是形容词，后面的介词用 of 。
翻译：
1）We’re confident that we can overcome the difficulties.
2）Next month，she will go to a place at war. She is confident to do her work well and give people real reports.
14. admire vt.钦佩，羡慕
eg. I admire him for his success in business.我佩服他事业有成。
1）派生词：admirer n. 崇拜者，admiration n.佩服，admiring adj. 羡慕的
2）固定搭配：admire sb. for sth.在某方面佩服某人。如：
I admire him for his achievements.我对他的成就很佩服。
15. on one’s own 单独地，独自地
eg. He is now out of college and on his own.
他现在离开了大学并且自己生活。
1）同义短语：(all) by oneself 单独地
形似短语；of one’s own (某人)自己的
2）one’s 在句中通常以形容词性物主代词的形式出现，这个形容词性物主代词与前面某个表示人或物的名词或代词对应。
用正确的代词填空
He has a house of _____own，and the house was built on _____own.
16. give up 放弃
No matter what happens，do not give up hopes.
不管发生什么，都不要放弃希望。
固定搭配：give sth. up 或 give up sth.
翻译下列句子：
The suspects（嫌疑犯）gave themselves up. 投降
She always gives herself up to her work. 将（自己）完全奉献
The finally gave up their search. 停止做或执行
You must give up smoking. 停止；结束：
gave up the apartment; 让出；
gave up all hope. 放弃
We had given the dog up as lost. 对……失去希望。
We’d given you up an hour ago. 以为见不到/没有希望见到。
同义词组：give up 与 put away：
give up 是指在思想上、意识上放弃某种想法、看法、意见；
put away是指行动上抛弃某一事物。
抛弃；舍弃：
Put all negative thoughts away. 抛弃所有消极的思想。
17. come to 达到某种状态
eg. The performance of the opera has come to its climax.
歌剧的表演已经到达最高潮了
come to 意思很多，除了“达到某种状态”还有“涉及，谈及”“获得，到达”“总共，共计”“突然想起”等。判断下列句中 come to 的意思。
1）They came to the conclusion that they had made an unforgivable mistake.
2）The bill came to$5.50.
3）The water came to my waist.
4）Suddenly the words of the song came to me.
18. pull through 使从（受伤）中活过；渡过难关
1）该词组还可以相当于一个及物动词，pull sb. through 意为“使某人渡过难关”。
eg. His wife helped him pull through at last.
最终他的妻子帮他渡过了难关。
2）由pull构成的动词词组有：
pull down 摧毁，推翻；pull in 进站，靠岸；
pull out 拔出，离开，渡过难关，恢复健康；pull up 拔起，停下，阻止
19. get on 融洽相处；进展期
eg. We should get well on with each other.我们之间应当融洽相处。
How is everything getting on ?一切进展得怎么样了?
1）同义短语：get along
2）get on 中的 on 是副词，其后常接介词短语 with sb ./sth.。搭配不同，意义也不同：
get on with sth .某事进展顺利
get on with sb .与某人相处融洽，等于 get along with sb .
3）在陈述句中，get on 本身就带有“好”的意思，但我们还是常常用 get on well 的形式。
4）get on 与 get along 的区别；get on 可以接 with sb.或 with sth.，而 get along 一般只接 with sb.。
20. far too 太……，极为……
far too 的意思就相当于too,far 起强调作用，too后面接形容词或副词的原级。Eg. Internet makes many things far too easy. 互联网使许多事情变得极为简单。
同义短语：much too 太……
改错
Sometimes we think we’re far too kinder to do others, but in fact we aren’t.
四. 重点句式分析与拓展
1、In a recent interview, Venus spoke about the time when she and Serena were practising tennis and they had to run and hide as bullets started flying through the air.
在最近的一次采访中，Venus 说，那个时候她和 Serena练网球时，一路得跑着躲闪着空中穿梭的子弹。
1）这个复合句的主句是 Venus spoke about the time，when 引导的从句 she and Serena were practising tennis and they had to run and hide as bullets started flying through the air 是定语从句，修饰先行词the time。
2）定语从句又是一个并列句，两个分句由 and 连接，分别是she and Serena were practising tennis 和 they had to run and hide as bullets started flying through the air。
3）并列句的第二个分句是复合句，as 引导的从句是原因状语从句，表示 they had to run and hide 的原因。
2、The sisters’ mother, taught her daughters at home so that they completed their high school while developing their tennis careers.
姐妹俩的妈妈在家里给女儿上，以便于她们能够完成高中学业，同时也进行网球运动。
1）这是一个带有目的状语从句的复合句，从句由连词短语 so that 引导。
2）while developing their tennis careers 是时间状语，语意指向 they completed their high school，即表明 develope their tennis careers 与 complete their high school 同时发生。
拓展
1）目的状语从句常常由so that 或 in order that 引导，一般放在主句之后。常与 in order that，in order to do sth.，so as to do sth.，to do sth. 互相替换。
2）强调动作同时发生时且逻辑主语与谓语动词相同时，现在分词前可用 while 或 when。
3、The first time Venus played in a big event was in 1996.
Venus 第一次参加大型锦标赛是在1996年。
句中的 Venus played in a big event 是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰 the first time。
拓展：
限制性定语从句可用修饰一个表示时间的词，这时通常用关系副词 when 引导。但在不少情况下可以不用 when，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如本句的先行词是 time，且在定语从句中作时间状语，关系代词 when 就省略了。
4、Disaster came in 1995 when he fell from his horse and broke his back.The doctors did not expect him to live.
1995 年灾难降临，他从马上跌落下，摔断了腰背。医生没有料到他能活下。
剖析：
注意从句when he fell from his horse and broke his back. 是状语从句。
短语“expect him to live”在本句中的意思是“料到他能活下”。短语中隐含了“expect sb. to do sth.”这种结构，意思为“估计／预料／期待某人干……”。如：
You’re expected to attend our party on time.
5、This is how I got involved with my charity work to improve the quality of life for all disabled people.
这就是我怎么会参加慈善工作去募捐改善所有残疾人的生活质量。
1）本句中 how I got involved with my charity work to improve the quality of life for all disabled people 在主句中作表语，是表语从句。
2）表语从句中的引导词 how 在从句中作方式状语，不定式短语to improve the quality of life 也是状语，表示目的。
拓展：
英语中主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句统称为名词从句。名词从句成分的划分是根据从句在主句中的位置而进行的。任何一个句子一旦位于某个成分的位置上，它就成了名词从句。
6、So you can see, I’m far too busy with living to think of giving up !
因此你能看到的是我正忙忙碌碌地去生活，怎么会想到放弃呢！
1）句首的so起承上启下的作用，表示前面的某种情况带的结果。
2）I’m far too busy with …是宾语从句，作动词 see 的宾语。
3）宾语从句中的 too…to…是“太……而不能……”的意思，其中 too 是副词，to 是动词不定式的小品词。词组 be busy with sth./doing sth.是“忙于某事/做某事”，think of 是“想到”，give up 是“放弃”。
拓展：too…to…结构不是任何时候都表示否定含义，如 only too…to…就是表示肯定，结构中 too 后的形容词多为表示某种心情，如 glad, pleased, delighted 等。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：35分钟）
一. 单词拼写和词组专练
1. The little boy is s______ （娴熟的）at inventing excuses.
2. Videos are （有用的） things to have in the classroom.
3. _____(幸运地)，he found the money he had lost.
4. After ten years hard work, we have （攒了）a lot of money.
5. I was a_____ to hear the a _____ story.
6. We aim at q____ _ rather than quantity.
7. I a______ her great bravery in face of the danger.
8. Venes’ father was strict his daughters their tennis training.
9. Peter and I often compete on the playground after school.
10. At last, the patient’s life to end.
二. 单项选择
1. ―Is there any hope of saving her life?
―Her injuries are extremely(极其) serious，but she’s expected to _____.
A. pull in B. pull over
C. pull up D. pull through
2. ary is kind. She is easy to _____.
A. go on B. get on with
C. get along D. go on with
3. We like Jack because he is a man ______everybody thinks is pleasant to _____.
A. who; talk B. whom; get on with
C. who; get on with D. whom; talk with
4. A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which in return will _____its economic development.
A. add B. increase
C. promote D. plus
5. If you _____a crime you can never escape being punished.
A. commit B.discharge
C. take D. do
6. The disabled _____down upon in the past .
A. was looked B. were looked
C. looked D. did look
7. They separated ten years ago and never met again then.
A. by B. from
C. ever D. since
8. No matter when I look my miserable past, I feel sad and sorrowful.
A. back B. on
C. back on D. upon
9. I like to everything .
A. personally B. on her own
C. by herself D. All of the above
10. ― I feel much too full, um.
―You shouldn’t have eaten much for dinner.
A. too far B. very
C. far too D. very too
三. 综合阅读
Apollo
For lovers of the arts, Apollo is a truly good magazine. Covering the ages and the great civiliza¬tions(明） of the world, Apollo brings you well-pictured yet fine articles by internationally famous writers, as well as information on exhibitions(展览） and sales. Experience five monthly issues（报刊的期） for as little as £ 5 each.
The Guardian Weekly（每周卫报）
The Guardian Weekly gives you a world vieith articles（） from four of the world’s most respected newspapers. Read the news from different views and draw your own conclusions(得出结论） on the stories shaping our world. Try it for 3 months for just £ 15.55. Plus(外加） get a free copy of The Guardian Year 2003.
New Internationalist（国际主义者）
Full of excellent writing and photos, the magazine covers one key topic each month, from Terror¬ism(恐怖主义） to Poverty（贫困） to Climate Change. Reporters from around the world provide you with a whole world vie
Plus: any fresh reports and stories to keep you up-to-date on world affairs(事务. 3 months free and free World ap.
The Week
The Week is the only weekly summary（摘要）giving you the best of the British and foreign newspapers in just 35 pages. Designed to be read in just 1 hour, it provides you with everything you need and want to kno Try The Week noith 13 issues for just £ 13. 75. If you decide it’s not for you, just tell us within the first 6 weeks and you can get your money back.
1. Which of the following magazines will probably give you with articles about music and paintings?
A. Apollo. B. The Week.
C. New Internationalist. D. The Guardian Weekly.
2. It is possible that most of the readers of the four magazines are ______.
A. men B. women
C. children D. grown-ups
3. The underlined word up-to-date in the third text means .
A. know the latest information or changes
B. newest
C. at present
D. out of fashion.
4. Which of the following would you most probably read if you want to get information from the world’s most popular newspapers?
A. Apollo & The Week.
B. Apollo & New Internationalist.
C. The Guardian Weekly & The Week.
D. The Guardian Weekly & New Internationalist.
5. The purpose（目的）of the four texts is to ______.
A. tell the readers the latest news
B. get more readers to subscribe (订阅)
C. show the importance of the four magazines
D. introduce(介绍） the four magazines to new readers
【试题答案】
一. 单词拼写和词组专练
1. skillful2. useful3. Fortunately/Luckily
4. raised5. amazed/amazing6. quality
7. admire8. with/in9. against
10. came
二. 单项选择
1. D2. B3. D4. C5. A
6. B7. D8. C9. D10. A
三. 综合阅读
1. A2. D3. A4. C5. B
