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I. Words and Expressions
1. freeze v. 结冰,僵住 freezing adj. 寒冷的 frozen adj. 冷冻的
It's freezing outside. Look! The ground is frozen. 外面寒冷,看地上结冰了。
Danny froze when he heard the news. 当丹尼听到这消息时,他愣住了。
2. impatient adj. 不耐烦的 patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人
We mustn't be impatient with the patients. 对待病人我们不能不耐烦。
3. chemical n. & adj. 化学品;化学的 chemistry n. 化学 chemist n. 化学家
in the chemistry lesson, the teacher put some chemicals inside the tubes. 在化学课上,老师把一些化学品放进试管中。
4. comfortable adj. 舒服的 comfortably adv. 舒服地
I like to lie comfortably in that comfortable sofa alone. 我喜欢独自舒服地躺在舒适的沙发上。
5. complete adj. 完整的 completely adv. 完整地 incomplete adj. 不完整的
I completely forgot that I had a meeting this morning. 我完全忘记了今天上午有个会。
Your answer is incomplete. Please use a complete sentence. 你的回答不完整,请用一句完整的句子。
6. science n. 科学 scientific adj. 科学的 scientist n. 科学家
The scientist is doing a scientific experiment now.那位科学家正在做一个科学实验。
He is interested in science. 他对科学感兴趣。
7. treatment n. 处理 treat v. 对待
The old man was treated well in that hospital. They gave him a medical treatment immediately. 在医院那位老人受到很好的医治,他们马上给他进行了治疗。
8. visible adj. 看得见的 invisible adj. 看不见的
Air is invisible and water is visible. 空气看不见,水看得见。
9. a water treatment works 一家水质净化厂
yesterday we visited a water treatment works in Shanghai. 昨天我们参观了上海的一家水质净化厂。
10. look round= look around 四周环顾
he looked around but saw nobody. 他往四周看,可是没看见任何人。
11. shake one's head 摇头 nod one's head 点头
We shake our heads to show disagreement, and nod our heads to show agreement. 我们摇头表示反对,点头表示赞同。
12. decrease n.&v. 减少(之量)
your hunger decreases as you eat. 你吃过东西以后就不饿了。
II. Language structure
1. 数量的表达
不可数名词 可数/不可数名词 可数名词
none
Too little/ little some A few
Not much Not many
Too much/much A lot of=lots of Too many/ many
A small amount of
A large amount of
An amount of Plenty of A large number of
2. How many/ how much +一般疑问句
3. 用in/at/on表示时间
in+年份/月份/季节(in 2004, in August, in spring)
at+ 具体的时间(8:45, at three, at noon, at dawn, at nigh
t)
on+日期(on Jan. 1st, 1956; on the morning of Jan. 12st; on a cold evening
4. Be going to/will表示将来时的区别
be going to 结构常用来表示事先经过考虑的意图、打算或准备;或很快就要发生的将来的情况或行动。
Will 可以表示愿意和决心。
I am going to be 50 next Monday.
I have bought some bricks and I am going go rebuild the house next week.
There is a knock on the door. I will go to open it.
5. 动词不定式作主语:不定式短语作语时,常用形式主语it来代替,而真正的主语放在句子的谓语后面。
It's not easy for me to get there. (对事加以评论)
It is brave of you to walk in to the forest by yourself. (对人加以评论)
动词不定式肯定形式(to do)和否定形式(not to do)
it was time to get cleaned up.
Remember not to waste me or pollute me.
6. 状语从句
在句子中作状语的从句叫状语从句。它是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的状语从句根据作用的不同可分为以下几种,注意所用的不同连词。
1) 时间状语从句:When, while, as, as soon as, after, before, until, since
2) 条件状语从句:if, as long as
3) 原因状语从句:because, since, as
4) 让步状语从句:although, though, now that
6) 目的状语从句:so that, in order that
7) 比较/方式状语从句:as…as, not as…as, not so…as, than
8) 地点状语从句:where, wherever
状语从句中一般都不能和将来时态。如果从句要表示将来的动作或状态时,需用一般现在时来代替。
III.
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Notes
1. Here I am. 我在这里(副词提前)。
2. 统计图表的表达
bar chart(直条图),line graph(线条图),flow chart(流程图)
3. 宾语从句要用陈述句来表达
Do you know where I am from?
I thought I heard voices in there.
You know where that is.
4. voice 嗓音/sound声音/noise 噪音
5. a voice said loudly 相当于(sb.)said in a loud voice 一个声音大声
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